WHAT'S GOING ON IN BANKING - 2022 Rebounding From the Revenue Recession

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WHAT'S GOING ON IN BANKING - 2022 Rebounding From the Revenue Recession
WHAT’S
GOING ON
IN BANKING
2022
Rebounding From the
Revenue Recession

                                                              Community-Based Financial Institutions’
                                                                  Priorities, Plans, and Plaints

Ron Shevlin | Chief Research Officer | Cornerstone Advisors
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive Summary................................................................................................1

The Outlook for 2022............................................................................................ 2

    Bank and Credit Union Executives’ Outlook........................................... 2

Concerns and Threats........................................................................................... 5

New Products: Real-Time Payments and Cryptocurrency......................9

M&A Outlook........................................................................................................... 15

Lending Priorities.................................................................................................. 15

Payments and Deposits Priorities................................................................. 20

Technology Priorities and Plans......................................................................22

    Technology Priorities.......................................................................................22

    Technology Spending.................................................................................... 24

    Emerging Technologies................................................................................. 24

    New System Selection and Replacement..............................................27

Digital Transformation........................................................................................ 30

    Digital Transformation Impact.................................................................... 31

    Vendor Support for Digital Transformation Efforts...........................33

    Digital Transformation Delusions...............................................................35

2022: Rebounding From the Revenue Recession...................................37

About the Data...................................................................................................... 41

Endnotes ................................................................................................................... 41

About the Author................................................................................................. 42

About Cornerstone Advisors.......................................................................... 42

                                 ©2022 Cornerstone Advisors. All rights reserved.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

                        WHAT
                    SO

                   • 2022 will be the year of the revenue recession rebound. On a number of fronts,
                     banks’ and credit unions’ revenue-generating efforts are getting hammered. It’s
                     a trend that’s been growing over the past few years, but with the overdraft fee
                     overhaul that will hit the industry in 2022, non-interest income will become a top
                     focus for financial institutions.

                   • The economy—once again—is a question mark. Among bank and credit union execs,
                     optimists outnumber the pessimists. But the pessimists might have a more compelling
                     story. The end of the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), non-transitory inflation,
                     talent attraction and retention challenges, excess liquidity, and increasing regulatory
                     burdens all add up to create significant challenges for the industry in 2022. At least
                     we won’t have to deal with Omarova.

                   • Real-time payments take center stage. Three in 10 banks and a quarter of credit
                     unions plan to implement real-time payments in 2022. Many of the institutions planning
                     to launch in 2022 haven’t determined their strategy yet but are opening the door for
                     vendors with real-time payment solutions and putting pressure on The Clearing House to
                     accelerate new client implementations in 2022 before FedNow’s planned launch in 2023.

                   • Crypto begins its march to mainstream status. About one in 10 financial institutions
                     plans to introduce cryptocurrency investing/trading services in 2022. That’s not a
                     particularly large percentage, but it’s a start—especially considering that another 13%
                     plan to launch the service in 2023. Consumers want cryptocurrency from their banks.
                     The reasons (i.e., excuses) for not providing the capabilities don’t hold water anymore.

                   • Digital transformation needs a reset. We can’t predict that digital transformation
                     efforts will get reset in 2022—but they need to. Banks and credit unions are deluding
                     themselves into thinking they’re further along in their journey than they really are and
                     that their efforts are having the impact they think they’re having.

                   • Chatbots heat up. The percentage of financial institutions that deployed chatbots in
                     2021 grew significantly, and the percentage that plan to deploy the technology in 2022
                     will accelerate that adoption. It’s about time. Banks and credit unions need chatbots—
                     or better yet, conversational AI tools—to improve their data collection efforts.

                   • Digital account opening systems are still hot. For the past four or five years, digital
                     account opening systems have been at the top of financial institutions’ list of planned
                     new selections/replacements. What’s taking the industry so long to get this done?

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                   1
THE OUTLOOK FOR 2022
       BANK AND CREDIT UNION EXECUTIVES’ OUTLOOK

       What do bank and credit union executives think about 2022?

       The optimists outnumber the pessimists. A little more than four in 10 survey respondents are “somewhat”
       or “much more” optimistic about 2022 than they were going into 2021, while just one in five expressed a
       pessimistic view about the coming year (Figure 1).

       FIGURE 1:    Outlook for 2022

                                         Relative to 2021, how optimistic are you about the prospects for
                                             the banking industry (not just your institution) in 2022?

               9%             33%                                         40%                                              19%                 1%

                    Much more               Somewhat more                I think it will be much               Somewhat more     Much more
                    optimistic              optimistic                   like it was in 2021                   pessimistic       pessimistic

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       Among our survey respondents, optimistic executives had this to say:

          “Consumers are settling into our new normal with COVID and new variants being a part of our lives for the
          near future. There is significant pent-up demand with consumers who are ready to get back to traveling,
          buying goods and services, etc., that will come to fruition in 2022 if the supply chain issues are resolved.
          I’m optimistic the opportunity for auto lending will help drive portfolio growth in 2022, but competition
          will be fierce, and we will need to make the financing process seamless for our members.”

          — Jenna Lampson, President/CEO, Pacific Service Credit Union, Concord, California

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                       2
“We are approaching the Golden Age of banking—wider margins, good credit, low cost of funds, a rally
          in bank equity and the application of technology that can make a difference.”

          — Chris Nichols, Director, SouthState Bank, San Francisco, California

          “The Fed has announced tapering will occur over the next year. We’re seeing some much-needed inflation,
          which should help make the case for an increase in interest rates sooner rather than later. Combine these with
          the further extinguishment of stimulus measures that have been killing off organic lending opportunities, and
          we just might see a decent year ahead of us.”

          — Tom Moran, President, Community Bank, Walla Walla, Washington

          “While margin pressure and the loss of the PPP pop to earnings can cause less optimism, we are growing
          our LPOs/commercial lenders to expand our commercial footings and markets—that is a spark for our
          company and outlook.”

          — Bill Cable, Chief Operating Officer, People’s Bank, Newton, North Carolina

          “I’m optimistic that spending will increase in 2022. Travel sectors are returning to normal, and we should
          see a growing inventory of vehicles. Remote work has proved to be a great alternative for employees;
          productivity was our highest in 2021. While many credit unions are calling employees back to the office,
          we are supporting the remote work option for all non-branch positions. This requires new and more
          innovative ways to maintain a cohesive culture, but it keeps us agile.”

          — Geri LaChance, President/CEO, SESLOC Federal Credit Union, San Luis Obispo, California

          “As consumers settle into how to deal with things longer-term coming out of the pandemic, they will
          adopt and exhibit longer-term behaviors in the areas of spending, borrowing, savings, and planning.”

          — Martin Carter, President/CEO, Astera Credit Union, Lansing, Michigan

          “I’m very optimistic because: 1) businesses recovering and workers returning to work will continue
          to spur investment and borrowing; 2) the rising rate environment will help credit unions lengthen
          their portfolios; and 3) affordability of tech is allowing smaller credit unions to modernize and
          streamline their operations.“

          — Frank Wasson, Chief Executive Officer, CommonWealth One Federal Credit Union, Alexandria, Virginia

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                              3
On the other side of the coin, execs explained why they’re pessimistic:

          “Inflation will become more of an issue for most consumers. The probability of rising interest rates will curtail
          mortgage lending and there will be no stimulus dollars next year to supplement the consumers pocketbook.
          Any one of these could lead to lower economic expectations in 2022.”

          — Alan Renfroe, President/CEO, First Federal Savings and Loan Association of Pascagoula, Moss Point, Mississippi

          “The PPP money had a very positive impact on institutions. That will be absent in the upcoming year and
          banks will scramble to find other sources of revenue.”

          — Christa Owen, Chief Compliance Officer, Farmers National Bank, Danville, Kentucky

          “Competition is pushing down lending rates and underwriting is moving towards more risky loans.
          Personnel costs are going up and compliance/technology investments are becoming a drag on earnings.”

          — Russell Rosendal, President/CEO, Salal Credit Union, Seattle, Washington

          “The trifecta of renewed regulatory pressure by an enforcement regime, interest rate environment
          (margin compression), and wage pressure due to inflation render 2022 seriously challenging.”

          — Len Devaisher, President and CEO, MidWestOne Bank, Iowa City, Iowa

          “Margins will get even tighter, and banks will need to spend capital for automation, not just look for
          incremental process improvements.”

          — Kim Compton, Chief Strategy Officer, The Farmers Bank, Westfield, Indiana

          “We still expect loan losses and bankruptcies to pick up as consumers assess the degree of financial
          wreckage and are expected to resume normal payment patterns. There will likely be a lot of suppressed
          payment problems and bankruptcies.”

          — Jonathan Krieps, Chief Operations Officer, North State Bank, Raleigh, North Carolina

          “I have concerns about loan loss escalating as the year progresses and about the long-term effects of
          remote work as productivity begins to wane.”

          — Andy Grimm, President/CEO, Apple Federal Credit Union, Fairfax, Virginia

          “Too much liquidity in a low-rate environment will not produce enough revenue relative to previous years.”

          — Jim Marcuccilli, Chairman & CEO, STAR Financial Bank, Fort Wayne, Indiana

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                 4
CONCERNS AND THREATS
       The big news for both banks and credit unions in 2022 is the jump in the percentage of executives concerned
       about their ability to attract qualified talent. Among bank respondents, 67% listed this as a top concern for
       2022, up from 19% in 2021 (Table A). Among credit union respondents, 63% mentioned attracting talent as
       a concern, up from 19% in 2021 (Table B).

       TABLE A:   Bank Execs’ Top Concerns, 2020 to 2022

                                                                                            2020                    2021     2022

                    Ability to attract qualified talent                                      27%                     19%     67%

                    Cybersecurity                                                            23%                     28%     51%

                    Interest rate environment                                                43%                     56%     50%

                    Regulatory burden                                                        22%                      18%    44%

                    Efficiency, non-interest expenses, costs                                 32%                     36%     39%

                    Weak economy/loan demand                                                 24%                     48%     36%

                    Non-interest income                                                       11%                     17%    29%

                    New customer growth                                                      25%                     25%     28%

                    Cost of funds                                                            15%                      8%      8%

                    Credit quality/problem loans                                             10%                     42%      6%

                  Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                       5
TABLE B:   Credit Union Execs’ Top Concerns, 2020 to 2022

                                                                                            2020                    2021     2022

                    Ability to attract qualified talent                                      19%                     19%     63%

                    Cybersecurity                                                            19%                     26%     43%

                    New membership growth                                                    43%                     40%     41%

                    Non-interest income                                                      10%                     27%     39%

                    Regulatory burden                                                        16%                     20%     39%

                    Interest rate environment                                                32%                     53%     38%

                    Weak economy/loan demand                                                 34%                     57%     34%

                    Efficiency, non-interest expenses, costs                                 34%                     25%     33%

                    Cost of funds                                                            13%                      8%      9%

                    Credit quality/problem loans                                              9%                     33%     4%

                  Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

       Concerns regarding an ability to attract qualified talent were reflected in comments like this one from one of
       the survey respondents:

          “We’re concerned about finding and recruiting quality relationship managers that can understand both
            the deposit and lending sides of the bank in order to offer a client a complete banking relationship. Silo
            marketing just doesn’t work for higher net worth clients.”

       Regulatory concerns are heating up from past years, as 44% of banks and 39% of credit unions cited this as
       a concern for 2022, again, a big increase from 2021 for both groups. Respondents had this to say about the
       regulatory burden:

          “The government regulation impact is huge—the possibility of IRS reporting for certain transactions on a
          mass level is frightening.”

          “I have concerns about the regulatory agencies’ focus in the coming years. For example, climate change
          regulation is one of their top priorities. These changes are directed at the larger financial institutions, but
          they always find their way down to the smallest of institutions.”

          “Just say no to Omarova!”

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The focus on cybersecurity is growing, as well. Only about a quarter of respondents put cybersecurity in their
       list of top concerns going into 2021. Heading into 2022, however, 51% of bankers and 43% of credit union execs
       cite cybersecurity as a top concern.

       Bank and credit union executives’ views of the competitive landscape continue to shift. The percentage of execs
       who see the Big Tech firms—e.g., Apple, Amazon, Google—as significant threats declined from 61% in 2020 to 49%
       in 2021 and drops to 35% in 2022. On the other hand, the percentage of respondents who see fintech companies
       like Square and PayPal as significant threats has increased from 36% in 2021 to 47% in 2022 (Figure 2).

       FIGURE 2:    Competitive Threats

                                  Percentage of Bank and Credit Union Executives Who See the Following
                                     Types of Companies as Significant Threats in the Coming Decade

                                                                                                                                 47%
                   Fintech (e.g., Credit Karma, PayPal, Square)
                                                                                                                           36%

                                                                                                                           35%
                         Big Tech (e.g., Amazon, Apple, Google)
                                                                                                                                  49%

                                                                                                                          34%
                                                           Megabanks
                                                                                                                           36%

                                                                                                                          33%
                            Challenger banks (e.g., Chime, Varo)
                                                                                                                    28%

                                                                                                              22%
                                                         Credit unions
                                                                                                              23%
                                                                                                                                   2022
                                                                                                                                   2021
                                                                                                        18%
                                                   Community banks
                                                                                                        18%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2020-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                             7
Survey respondents told us:

          “Is traditional banking dead? Given all the focus around fintech, it’s a matter of time before digital
          loans come into effect and, with adequate regulation, fintech challenges traditional banking.”

          “Partner up or get bullied out by Square, Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple.”

       The shift in perceptions is spot on.

       Google may have killed its planned Plex checking account product—leaving its bank and credit union
       would-be partners in the lurch—but the initiative sent a signal to financial institutions that it’s more
       interested in partnering with (i.e., selling to) financial institutions than in disrupting them.

       The Amazon threat seems overplayed, as well, as it has partnered with Goldman Sachs’ Marcus unit
       to provide small business loans and merchant cash advances, and leaked wireframe designs of a
       marketplace that would enable other banks to compete for that business.

       Meanwhile, Square (oops, we mean Block) has become a banking powerhouse with its consumer and
       merchant network; PayPal is embarking on a “super app” strategy; and other large fintechs like Shopify,
       Intuit, and Credit Karma threaten incumbent financial institutions’ positions in the market.

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                      8
NEW PRODUCTS: REAL-TIME
       PAYMENTS & CRYPTOCURRENCY
       New product development will heat up among credit unions in 2022, as nearly seven in 10 of them have plans
       to launch new products or services, up from 50% in 2021. Activity among banks promises to be just as lively
       in 2022 as it was in 2021, with more than half planning new product launches (Figure 3).

       FIGURE 3:    New Product/Service Plans

                             Percentage of Financial Institutions Planning to Launch New Products/Services

                                                                                                                         69%

                                         58%                   57%
                                                                                                   50%

                                                                                                                               2021
                                                                                                                               2022

                                                   Banks                                                 Credit Unions

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2020-2021

       Two new product/service offerings — real-time payments (RTP) and cryptocurrency investing — will gain
       traction in 2022.

       Three in 10 banks and a quarter of credit unions plan to implement real-time payments in 2022. This represents
       a 120% increase over the number of banks that have already rolled out RTP and 50% growth for credit unions.
       Looking ahead to 2023, adoption of RTP promises to stay hot (Figure 4).

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                         9
FIGURE 4:    Real-Time Payments Implementation Plans

                              When does your organization plan to implement real-time payments (RTP)?

                                                 31%                                     30%
                                                                                                                               26%
                                                              24%           23%                                                          23%
                                  16%
                     14%

                                                                                                          6%             7%

             We've already launched RTP                2022                       2023                    2024 or later          Don’t know

                                                                             Banks        Credit Unions

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       How will financial institutions go about deploying RTP? Many don’t yet—37% of banks and 42% of credit unions
       said they haven’t determined their RTP strategy. About a quarter of banks and one in five credit unions say
       they’ll wait for FedNow to deploy before rolling out real-time payments (Table C).

       TABLE C:   RTP Approach

                           Which statement best describes your organization’s approach to providing RTP?

                                                                                                               Banks          Credit Unions

                    We haven’t determined our RTP strategy                                                         37%            42%

                    We will wait for FedNow to deploy                                                              27%             21%

                    We will deploy both The Clearing House and FedNow                                              18%             6%

                    We have deployed The Clearing House’s solution                                                 7%              6%

                    We have already deployed another vendor’s solution                                             7%             10%

                    We plan to deploy The Clearing House’s solution                                                2%              4%

                    We plan to deploy another vendor’s solution                                                    2%              11%

                 Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

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Business-to-business (B2B) payments and account-to-account (A2A) transfers were the most-frequently cited
       use cases by banks. Among credit unions, A2A transfers, recurring bill pay, and last-minute consumer payments
       were the most-frequently mentioned use cases (Table D).

       TABLE D:   RTP Use Cases

                  What are — or will be — the 3 most important use cases for your organization’s RTP strategy?

                                                                                                             Banks           Credit Unions

                   B2B payments                                                                                54%               16%

                   A2A transfers                                                                               42%               62%

                   Payroll (or expedited payroll) payments                                                     36%               22%

                   Recurring bill pay                                                                          30%               41%

                   Last-minute consumer payment                                                                22%               40%

                   Ad-hoc bill pay                                                                             19%               25%

                   Consumer retail purchases                                                                   15%               16%

                   eCommerce                                                                                   10%                12%

                   Sweep account                                                                               10%               10%

                   B2C disbursements (e.g., rebates, returns)                                                  9%                 4%

                   Government tax and fee payments                                                             3%                 2%

                   Cash pooling/concentration                                                                  3%                 1%

                 Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

         Cornerstone Advisors Senior Director of Payments Tony DeSanctis observes:

          “The use cases center on B2B and B2C for real-time payments. Whether companies pay employees,
          customers, or vendors, the primary benefit of faster payments is getting money out faster than checks
          and ACH. Cards continue to be the primary solution for C2B [consumer to business]. While real-time
          offers benefits to commercial clients, it is more important to have a robust cash management offering
          that replaces manual and paper processes with automated, integrated, and real-time data and processes.”

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                11
Risk is at the top of both banks’ and credit unions’ concerns for real-time payments, followed by cost
       and core functionality (Table E).

       TABLE E:   RTP Concerns

                               Which of the following are — or will be — the most important concerns for
                                your organization’s real-time payment strategy? (select up to three)

                                                                                                             Banks           Credit Unions

                   Risk                                                                                        61%               53%

                   Cost                                                                                        43%               30%

                   Core functionality                                                                          38%               34%

                   Implementation burden                                                                       25%               23%

                   Embedded risk controls                                                                      21%               30%

                   Network governance/ownership                                                                15%                6%

                   Number of providers                                                                         14%                12%

                   Network reach                                                                               10%                8%

                   Payment limits                                                                              10%                9%

                   Breadth of 3rd-party support                                                                9%                 11%

                   Brand recognition                                                                           3%                 11%

                   Connectivity burden                                                                         2%                 7%

                 Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       According to SouthState’s Chris Nichols:

          “The number of new products that can be spun off of RTP can make an innovator’s head spin. It’s the data
          in the messaging of RTP that will alter a bank’s trajectory. While instantaneous payments are life altering,
          it’s the data in the messaging of RTP that will alter a bank’s trajectory. Another reason why RTP is
          important is that it is a gateway drug to the crypto rails.”

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Speaking of cryptocurrency, roughly one in 10 banks and credit unions plans to launch cryptocurrency investing/
       trading services in 2022. Today, just 1% (and that’s rounding up) of banks offer the service and virtually no credit
       unions do. Among banks, 7% plan to offer cryptocurrency rewards and 8% will provide crypto custody and
       safekeeping services (Figure 5). Among credit unions, 5% expect to offer crypto custody and safekeeping
       services (Figure 6).

       FIGURE 5:   Banks’ Cryptocurrency Plans

                                     Which best characterizes what your organization is doing (or has
                                       done) with the following cryptocurrency-related services?

             Cryptocurrency investing/trading              11%            10%                                            78%                           1%

                       Cryptocurrency rewards             7%      9%                                                    84%                            1%

      USD settlement for cryptocurrency firms             7%         9%                                                 84%                            1%

         Cryptocurrency custody/safekeeping                8%        9%                                                 83%

                        Cryptocurrency lending            4%                                                     95%

                                                      1%

                                     Will offer in 2022         Will offer in 2023 or later         No plans to offer         Already offer

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       FIGURE 6:   Credit Unions’ Cryptocurrency Plans

                                Which best characterizes what your organization is doing (or has done)
                                         with the following cryptocurrency-related services?

                 Cryptocurrency investing/trading                9%         16%                                           76%

             Cryptocurrency custody/safekeeping                 5%    12%                                               84%

          USD settlement for cryptocurrency firms               2% 9%                                              88%                            1%

                            Cryptocurrency rewards              2% 11%                                              88%

                            Cryptocurrency lending              5%                                               95%

                                                            1%

                                           Will offer in 2022         Will offer in 2023 or later        No plans to offer        Already offer

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

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According to Cornerstone Advisors Partner Quintin Sykes:

          “Despite receiving positive guidance on cryptocurrency activities from regulators in 2021, financial
          institutions largely remain on the crypto sideline. For credit unions, partnering with a firm like NYDIG or
          Bakkt to offer cryptocurrency trading is the most likely path. Banks also see an opportunity to offer
          custody/safekeeping and USD settlement activities offered by banks like Silvergate and Signature today.”

       There are crypto-skeptics among bank and credit union execs. Two survey respondents commented:

          “Why are there more cryptocurrencies than U.S. banks and credit unions combined? When is the consolidation
          and fallout going to occur? Who will be the winners/losers?”

          “I would like to see less focus on crypto and how consumers are demanding it be used for ALL things.
          It’s not stable enough to be a legit payment mechanism as the value could fluctuate during the transaction.
          Instead of pushing crypto ATMs and ways to create your own currencies, it would be great to see more
          focus on how to solve issues like unaffordable housing and the student loan crisis and start making banking
          products and services that work for the upcoming generations.”

       Another respondent, however, remarked:

          “We need to accept that cryptocurrency is here and we should be planning TODAY on how we will
          approach this topic and not wait until it’s too late and we are reacting versus planning.”

       Cornerstone agrees with the latter comment. Granted, the numbers don’t quite portend an onslaught of
       banks getting into crypto, but we anticipate faster adoption in 2022 due to:

          • Demand. According to a Cornerstone Advisors survey of U.S. consumers, 60% of crypto owners would
            use their bank to invest in cryptocurrencies. Just 4% of current crypto owners said they wouldn’t use
            their bank to invest in crypto because they wouldn’t switch from the exchange they currently use.

          • Supply. The Big 3 bank tech vendors—FIS, Fiserv, and Jack Henry—have all partnered with NYDIG,
            making it easy (OK, easier) for mid-size institutions to integrate crypto services into their core and
            digital banking platforms. The payment networks are getting into the act, as well. Visa announced
            the launch of a crypto advisory service for its banking and merchant clients.

          • Pressure. Banks and credit unions will experience: 1) FOMO as they see their peers jumping on the crypto
            bandwagon, and 2) pressure from board members who will tell their management teams about their
            grandchildren’s Bitcoin investments and want to know how the institution plans to respond.

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                           14
M&A OUTLOOK
       According to Bloomberg:1

          “U.S. banks, which have been combining at levels not seen since before the global financial crisis, are now
          facing the near-term hurdles of stalled approvals and mounting opposition from Democrats in Washington.
          All of that is unlikely to keep the string of deals from ultimately continuing. Anemic loan growth and
          competition from larger or more technologically savvy rivals are likely to force banks to keep seeking
          out combinations even amid the obstacles.”

       Our survey respondents tend to agree. More than half of bank execs and nearly two-thirds of credit union execs
       expect the environment to be more favorable for deals in 2022. Just a handful expect it to be less favorable
       (Figure 7).

       FIGURE 7:    M&A Outlook for 2022

                   What are the prospects for M&A activity in the banking industry in 2022 compared to 2021?

                                  5%                                                      4%

                                                                                         33%
                                 39%
                                                                                                                   Less favorable for deals
                                                                                                                   No more or less favorable for deals
                                                                                                                   More favorable for deals

                                                                                         63%
                                 56%

                                 Banks                                              Credit Unions

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       Roughly a third of bank and credit union execs said they’re either “somewhat” or “highly” likely to make an
       acquisition in 2022 (Figure 8). Very few respondents anticipate that their institution will be acquired in 2022,
       however (Figure 9).

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FIGURE 8:    Acquisition Expectations

                                     How likely is your institution to acquire another institution in 2022?

                                             9%                                                         6%

                                                                                                       26%
                                            42%                                                                         Don’t know
                                                                                                                        Highly unlikely

                                                                                                       36%              Somewhat unlikely
                                                                                                                        Somewhat likely
                                            20%
                                                                                                                        Highly likely

                                            21%                                                        22%

                                             9%                                                         11%
                                            Banks                                                 Credit Unions

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       FIGURE 9:    Expectations To Be Acquired

                               How likely is your institution to be acquired by another institution in 2022?

                                           7%                                                      2%

                                                                                                                         Don’t know
                                                                                                                         Highly unlikely
                                          74%
                                                                                                  88%                    Somewhat unlikely
                                                                                                                         Somewhat likely
                                                                                                                         Highly likely

                   12%                                                                                             6%
                    5%                                            2%         1%                                    3%
                                          Banks                                             Credit Unions

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

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Growth opportunities, market expansion, and economies of scale are the predominant drivers of M&A activity
       for both banks and credit unions (Table F).

       TABLE F:   M&A Drivers

             What are your organization’s primary drivers for seeking an acquisition or merger, or being acquired?

                                                                                                                  Banks      Credit Unions

                   Growth opportunities                                                                             70%          85%

                   Market expansion                                                                                 68%          72%

                   Economies of scale                                                                               62%           61%

                   Revenue recession                                                                                16%           2%

                   Succession planning                                                                              14%           7%

                   Regulatory costs                                                                                 10%           4%

                   Obtain funds for capital investment                                                              4%            4%

                   Other                                                                                            4%            4%

                 Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

         According to Cornerstone Advisors Managing Director Vincent Hui:

          “The revenue recession continues to drive industry consolidation through cost efficiencies via economies of
          scale and/or inorganic growth to offset depressed loan volumes in existing markets. Interestingly, most financial
          institutions don’t see themselves involved in a transaction. This suggests that valuations are too rich, currency
          to do deals (e.g., stock) is depressed, and/or institutions can’t spare resources from key initiatives like digital
          transformation—meaning the most well-run institutions (as reflected in stock valuation) will be at an advantage
          in the merger environment and will get even stronger.”

         John Meyer, Senior Director at Cornerstone, adds:

          “Rohit Chopra, the new head of the CFPB, is pushing the agency to focus on Fair Lending regulation including
          the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, and the Consumer Financial Protection Act in 2022.
          This means that there will be extra scrutiny on branch closures as a means for generating non-interest expense
          savings post acquisition. Regulatory burden concerns jumped 26% year-over-year to land in the top five
          concerns for bankers, which is a problem for smaller banks as they just cannot keep up with the new pressures.
          Couple that concern with the fact that no 2021 M&A deals greater than $1B in deal value have been approved
          by regulators as of yet, and 2022 is shaping up for more deal activity in the sub $1B segment.”

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                17
LENDING PRIORITIES
       Commercial and industrial (C&I) loans stay at the top of the list of banks’ lending priorities for 2022, although
       the percentage of respondents listing them as a high priority continues to decline. The big priority shifts
       between 2021 and 2022 will be for home equity loans, which were cited as a priority by twice as many banks
       for 2022 than for 2021, and in loan participations, listed as a high priority by three times as many banks in 2022
       versus 2021 (Table G).

       TABLE G:    Banks’ Lending Priorities, 2020-2022

                                               Percentage of Banks Citing Loan Type as a High Priority

                                                                                                       2020       2021   2022

          Commercial C&I loans                                                                          70%       63%    57%

          Small business loans                                                                          66%       60%    56%

          Commercial real estate loans                                                                  76%       45%    53%

          Mortgage/refi loans                                                                           56%       47%    37%

          Home equity loans/lines of credit                                                             39%       9%     20%

          Loan participations                                                                            NA       5%     15%

          Auto loans                                                                                    13%       6%      9%

          Other personal loans                                                                          15%       5%      6%

          POS/BNPL loans                                                                                 3%        1%     5%

          Student loans                                                                                  1%       0%      1%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                   18
As with prior years, mortgages and auto loans are top lending priorities for credit unions. Small business and
       commercial loans increase in importance to credit unions for 2022 after a decline from 2020 to 2021 (Table H).

       TABLE H:    Credit Unions’ Lending Priorities, 2020-2022

                                          Percentage of Credit Unions Citing Loan Type as a High Priority

                                                                                                       2020       2021   2022

          Mortgage/refi loans                                                                           84%       79%    75%

          Auto loans                                                                                    69%       72%    63%

          Home equity loans/lines of credit                                                             64%       41%    56%

          Commercial real estate loans                                                                  57%       30%    45%

          Small business loans                                                                          33%       23%    34%

          Loan participations                                                                            NA       16%    27%

          Other personal loans                                                                          43%       16%    21%

          Commercial C&I loans                                                                          21%       6%     20%

          POS/BNPL loans                                                                                 5%       3%      6%

          Student loans                                                                                 12%        1%     1%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                   19
PAYMENTS AND
       DEPOSITS PRIORITIES
       With the influx of deposits resulting from the pandemic and government stimulus programs, retail deposits
       continue to decline as a high priority for banks. The focus shifts to revenue growth as debit card interchange
       and commercial treasury management income are cited as high priorities by a growing percentage of banks
       (Figure 10).

       FIGURE 10:    Banks’ Payments and Deposits Priorities for 2022

                                   Percentage of Banks Citing Payments or Deposit Type as a High Priority

                                                                                                                              44%
                                          Debit card interchange income
                                                                                                                   33%

                                                                                                                              44%
                           Commercial treasury management income
                                                                                                                   33%

                                                                                                                          41%
                                Small business deposit account volume
                                                                                                                               45%

                                                                                                                          41%
                                                  Small business deposits
                                                                                                                                     57%

                                                                                                                         40%
                           Large commercial deposit account volume
                                                                                                           25%

                                                                                                                         39%
                                   Consumer checking account volume
                                                                                                                  30%

                                                                                                                        38%
                                              Large commercial deposits
                                                                                                                        36%

                                                                                                     21%
                                                             Retail deposits
                                                                                                                    35%

                                                                                                   18%                                 2022
                                         Credit card interchange income
                                                                                      4%                                               2021

                                                                                                  17%
                                         Credit card volume (# of cards)
                                                                                           8%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2020-2021

       Credit unions, on the other hand, will increasingly look to credit card volume and interchange as high priorities
       in 2022 (Figure 11).

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                 20
FIGURE 11:    Credit Unions’ Payments and Deposits Priorities for 2022

                              Percentage of Credit Unions Citing Payments or Deposit Type as a High Priority

                                                                                                                                       69%
                                    Debit card interchange income
                                                                                                                                       67%

                                                                                                                          55%
                             Consumer checking account volume
                                                                                                                                 63%

                                                                                                                              59%
                                   Credit card interchange income
                                                                                                                        51%

                                                                                                                          54%
                                   Credit card volume (# of cards)
                                                                                                                  38%

                                                                                                   18%
                                                       Retail deposits
                                                                                                  18%

                                                                                            12%
                                            Small business deposits
                                                                                              15%

                                                                                             13%
                         Small business deposit account volume
                                                                                        10%

                                                                                       9%
                     Commercial treasury management income
                                                                                  4%
                                                                                                                                2022
                                                                                       8%
                                        Large commercial deposits                                                               2021
                                                                                 3%

                                                                                       8%
                     Large commercial deposit account volume
                                                                                 3%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2020-2021

         According to Cornerstone Managing Director Sam Kilmer:

          “The competitive value propositions of fintech challengers and megabanks made their mark, tearing into
          the consumer and business market and wallet shares of banks and credit unions. The pandemic caught
          so many bank and credit union delivery systems off guard and the catch-up exercise created a spike in
          the demand for self-service sales delivery tech. The spike led to every consumer and commercial loan
          origination system vendor building or acquiring payments origination solutions, point-of-sale solutions,
          or both with every major deposit/payments origination system company now also a loan origination
          system company. The table stakes and survival guide for digital banking now include a competency
          around growing payments and loans relationships, not simply improving user experience.”

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                21
TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIES
       AND PLANS
       TECHNOLOGY PRIORITIES

       Banks’ and credit unions’ technologies don’t tend to change too dramatically year-over-year, but one shift worth
       noting is the increase in the percentage of financial institutions listing fintech partnerships as an important priority.
       The percentages are still relatively small, but the percentage of banks listing partnerships as a priority tripled from
       5% in 2021 to 15% in 2022 (Table I). Over the same period, the percentage of credit unions mentioning partnerships
       as a priority grew from 9% to 23% (Table J).

       TABLE I:   Banks’ Technology Priorities, 2021-2022

                          What are your institution’s most important technology priorities for the coming year?
                                                                           (select up to three)

                                                                                                       2020       2021   2022

          Improve customer experience/service delivery                                                  67%       67%    61%

          Get more value from tech and vendor relationships                                             51%       53%    43%

          Improve efficiency                                                                            36%       41%    41%

          Invest in new systems                                                                         29%       30%    28%

          Increase revenue generation opportunities                                                     17%       25%    23%

          Better address fraud and risk management                                                      15%       13%    23%

          Invest in infrastructure upgrades                                                             21%       17%    19%

          Pursue partnerships with fintech startups                                                      NA       5%     15%

          Evaluate and possibly replace critical systems                                                12%       17%    14%

          Internal system development and integration                                                   12%       14%    14%

          Migrate applications and systems to the cloud                                                 10%       7%     12%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                      22
TABLE J:    Credit Unions’ Technology Priorities, 2021-2022

                          What are your institution’s most important technology priorities for the coming year?
                                                                           (select up to three)

                                                                                                       2020       2021   2022

          Improve efficiency                                                                            47%       40%    69%

          Get more value from tech and vendor relationships                                             34%       43%    36%

          Improve member experience/service delivery                                                    78%       70%    36%

          Invest in new systems                                                                         31%       30%    32%

          Increase revenue generation opportunities                                                     17%       31%    29%

          Pursue partnerships with fintech startups                                                      NA       9%     23%

          Better address fraud and risk management                                                      13%       16%    18%

          Internal system development and integration                                                   21%       15%    15%

          Invest in infrastructure upgrades                                                             12%       13%    13%

          Evaluate and possibly replace critical systems                                                 5%       15%    12%

          Migrate applications and systems to the cloud                                                 16%       12%    11%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                   23
TECHNOLOGY SPENDING

       Roughly a quarter of banks and credit unions will increase their technology spending by more than 10% in 2022
       from 2021, with about six in 10 growing their tech budgets by 1% to 10% (Table K).

       TABLE K:    Banks’ and Credit Unions’ Technology Spending Change

                        How will your institution’s tech spending change in the upcoming year compared to the prior year?

                                                                                               Banks                            Credit Unions

                                                                                2020            2021              2022   2020       2021        2022

          Significantly higher (>10% higher)                                     16%            22%               23%    25%        19%         25%

          Somewhat higher (1%-10% higher)                                        56%             51%              60%    63%        58%         61%

          No change                                                              19%            22%               14%     6%        15%         12%

          Somewhat lower (1%-10% lower)                                          9%              5%                2%     5%         5%          2%

          Significantly lower (>10% lower)                                       0%              1%                1%     1%         2%         0%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2019-2021

       EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES

       A Cornerstone colleague of mine tells me I shouldn’t list cloud computing and application programming
       interfaces (APIs) as “emerging” technologies anymore. He’s probably right, but taking them off the list
       would obscure the fact that 41% of banks are still either discussing APIs at the board or exec team level,
       or don’t even have APIs on their radar. At 27% of banks, cloud computing is still being discussed or not
       on the radar. The comforting news is that 26% of banks plan to invest in or implement cloud computing
       in 2022, and 22% plan to deploy APIs.

       In addition, if banks’ plans for 2022 come to fruition, the percentage that will have implemented chatbots
       will more than double going into 2023, and the percentage of banks that will have implemented machine
       learning technologies will have tripled (Table L).

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                          24
TABLE L:    Banks’ Emerging Technologies Plans for 2022

                                                                                                  Planning to invest     Have discussed
                                                                          Have already                                                         Not on the
                                                                                                  and/or implement       at board or exec
                                                                           deployed                                                              radar
                                                                                                       in 2022              team level

          Cloud computing                                                      47%                         26%                  16%                  11%

          Application programming interfaces (APIs)                            36%                         22%                  16%               25%

          Robotic process automation (RPA)                                     24%                         12%                  16%               47%

          Chatbots                                                             15%                         19%                  32%               35%

          Machine learning                                                     11%                         22%                  26%                  41%

          Voice technologies (e.g., Alexa)                                       3%                        5%                   32%               59%

          Blockchain                                                             2%                        7%                   43%               48%

          Virtual (or augmented) reality                                         2%                        3%                   14%               82%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       Looking at the percentage of banks that have deployed emerging technologies year-over-year shows the rapid
       growth in 2021—and planned growth for 2022—of robotic process automation (RPA) and chatbots, (Figure 12).

       FIGURE 12:    Banks’ Deployment of Emerging Technologies, 2018-2022

                                Percentage of Banks That Had Deployed Technology Going Into 2018 to 2022

                                      47%

                                40%
                                                                    36%
                          32%
                                                              30%
                                                                                                  24%
                                                        21%

                                                                                            14%                               15%
                                                                                                                                                     11%
                                                                                  6% 6%                                  8%                  7% 7%
                                                                            4%                              3% 2% 3%                    2%

                     Cloud computing                       APIs                       RPA                          Chatbots           Machine learning

                                                               2018        2019        2020         2021          2022

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2017-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                               25
Compared to banks, credit unions have been faster adopters of the list of emerging technologies. If things
       go as planned, credit unions’ adoption of machine learning tools, chatbots, RPA, and voice technologies
       will grow significantly in 2022 (Table M). The year-over-year view shows the growing adoption of these
       technologies (Figure 13).

       TABLE M:     Credit Unions’ Emerging Technologies Plans for 2022

                                                                                        Planning to invest            Have discussed
                                                              Have already                                                                        Not on the
                                                                                        and/or implement              at board or exec
                                                               deployed                                                                             radar
                                                                                             in 2022                     team level

          APIs                                                      61%                          16%                          16%                    8%

          Cloud computing                                           47%                          22%                          23%                    9%

          Robotic process automation                                23%                          24%                          26%                    27%

          Chatbots                                                  22%                          28%                          36%                    15%

          Machine learning                                          13%                          29%                          38%                    21%

          Voice technologies (e.g., Alexa)                          6%                           16%                          47%                    31%

          Blockchain                                                2%                           4%                           61%                    33%

          Virtual (or augmented) reality                            1%                           3%                           26%                    70%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       FIGURE 13:    Credit Unions’ Deployment of Emerging Technologies, 2018-2022

                          Percentage of Credit Unions That Had Deployed Technology Going Into 2018 to 2022

                                     61%
                                                                    57%
                          53% 53%                             51%
                                                        47%

                                                                                                 12%                             22%
                                                                                           18%                             18%
                                                                                                                                                        13%
                                                                                      9%                                                       9% 10%
                                                                                                                      6%
                                                                            2% 1%                              3%                      2% 3%
                                                                                                         0%

                            APIs                  Cloud computing                    RPA                           Chatbots              Machine learning

                                                            2018         2019      2020        2021        2022

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors surveys of U.S.-based community financial institution executives, 2017-2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                                  26
The interest in chatbots is encouraging. An article in Finextra argues that chatbots have become a
       competitive necessity: 2

          “The magic behind voice banking isn’t just the convenience of the device; it’s the artificial intelligence that
          powers intelligent customer self-service. New enhancements including AI combined with voice biometrics
          will unlock a new level of loyalty among financial institution customers.”

       I wouldn’t recommend telling that to a bank’s executive team or board of directors, however. Ignore what the
       vendors say about “unlocking new levels of loyalty.” There are three requirements driving the need for chatbots
       in banking:

          1) The need for speed. Abandonment rates for digital product applications in banking are horrendously
          high. According to a recent study from Cornerstone Advisors, roughly half of banks surveyed said that in
          2020, half of their checking account applications on digital channels were abandoned. The abandonment
          rates for unsecured and secured loan applications were even higher.

          Even more troublesome is the finding that just a minority of institutions follow up with would-be applicants
          within a business day. That’s unacceptable. Banks need chatbots integrated into digital account opening
          systems to close that gap. Banks need to make chatbots components of critical business processes (like
          account opening)—not just generic sales and service tools.

          2) The need for data. Chatbot vendors like to use “providing advice” as a use case for deploying chatbots.
          It’s an over-sold justification of chatbots. Personal financial management (PFM) tools have been trying to
          provide advice to bank customers for years with little success. The problem isn’t the user interface. That
          is, providing advice through a chatbot versus an email or a pop-up in a PFM tab or tool isn’t a silver bullet.

          The problem is lack of data. Banks need chatbots to collect data, not display it. Attempts to codify and store
          “data” collected through human interactions—and even from clickstream data—is incomplete, generally
          inaccessible to other applications that could benefit from the data, and hard to analyze.

          3) The need for personalization. Many banks recognize the importance of personalization in customer
          interactions. Some, unfortunately, think of it too narrowly, in terms of personalized messages. The
          smart banks understand that good personalization requires personalized conversations. They still
          wrestle, however, with two things: 1) getting the data to deliver good personalization, and 2) creating
          opportunities to have personalized conversations.

       NEW SYSTEM SELECTION AND REPLACEMENT

       Digital account opening systems have been at the top of the list of planned new selections/replacements for so
       many years, I bet if you added up the percentage of financial institutions that planned to choose a new system
       in the past five years, you’d find that 200% of institution have chosen a new system.

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                               27
Digital loan origination systems—for both consumer and commercial customers—will be hot systems for new
       selections and replacement among banks in 2022. (Table N).

       TABLE N:   Banks’ New System Selections/Replacements

                                                                                                        Select new or           Selected new or
                                                                                                       replace in 2022       replaced in 2019-2021

                   Consumer digital account opening                                                           29%                    30%

                   Consumer digital loan origination system                                                   28%                    16%

                   Commercial/small business digital loan origination system                                  24%                     11%

                   Commercial/small business digital account opening                                          23%                    12%

                   Customer relationship management (CRM)                                                     15%                    23%

                   Fraud/BSA/AML                                                                              15%                    19%

                   Consumer online banking platform                                                           14%                    19%

                   Person-to-person (P2P) payments                                                            14%                    27%

                   Consumer mobile banking platform                                                           13%                    21%

                   Commercial/small business online banking platform                                          13%                    15%

                   Commercial/small business mobile banking platform                                          13%                    14%

                   Call center system                                                                         13%                     11%

                   Data analysis/business intelligence                                                        12%                    16%

                   Marketing automation                                                                       12%                     11%

                   Debit card processing                                                                      10%                    14%

                   Online bill payment                                                                        8%                     13%

                   Document imaging/workflow                                                                  8%                     13%

                   Core integration/middleware platform                                                       8%                      8%

                   Payments hub                                                                               7%                      5%

                   Credit card processing                                                                     7%                      11%

                   Core processing system                                                                     7%                     12%

                   Mobile bill payment                                                                        7%                     14%

                   Card self-service                                                                          7%                      8%

                   Interactive teller system                                                                  7%                      8%

                   ATM processing                                                                             6%                      11%

                   Enterprise risk management                                                                 3%                      11%

                   None                                                                                       15%                    19%

                 Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                        28
Credit unions also have consumer digital account opening systems at the top of their planned new selection or
       replacement systems for 2022, but unlike the banks, CRM and P2P payment systems are also high on the list (Table O).

       TABLE O:   Credit Unions’ New System Selections/Replacements

                                                                                                        Select new or           Selected new or
                                                                                                       replace in 2022       replaced in 2019-2021

                   Consumer digital account opening                                                           32%                    30%

                   Customer relationship management (CRM)                                                     28%                    16%

                   Person-to-person (P2P) payments                                                            26%                    30%

                   Consumer digital loan origination system                                                   21%                    25%

                   Call center system                                                                         21%                    14%

                   Consumer online banking platform                                                           16%                    30%

                   Data analysis/business intelligence                                                        15%                    20%

                   Commercial/small business digital loan origination system                                  14%                     5%

                   Commercial/small business online banking platform                                          14%                    13%

                   Marketing automation                                                                       13%                    22%

                   Consumer mobile banking platform                                                           12%                    30%

                   Commercial/small business mobile banking platform                                          12%                    12%

                   Online bill payment                                                                        11%                    19%

                   Credit card processing                                                                     11%                    22%

                   Commercial/small business digital account opening                                          10%                     4%

                   Payments hub                                                                               10%                     4%

                   Card self-service                                                                          10%                     9%

                   Interactive teller system                                                                  10%                    10%

                   Debit card processing                                                                      9%                     23%

                   Enterprise risk management                                                                 9%                     12%

                   Document imaging/workflow                                                                  8%                     13%

                   Mobile bill payment                                                                        6%                     18%

                   Core integration/middleware platform                                                       6%                      5%

                   Fraud/BSA/AML                                                                              5%                     17%

                   ATM processing                                                                             4%                     21%

                   Core processing system                                                                     4%                     12%

                   None                                                                                       12%                    12%

                 Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                        29
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
       Credit unions got a head start on banks with 16% launching a digital transformation strategy in 2018 or earlier,
       versus 9% of banks that had launched a strategy by then. By the end of 2022, just 11% of banks and 4% of credit
       unions will not have launched a digital transformation strategy (Figure 14). Overall, 5% of financial institution
       executives say that they’ve completed, or are almost done, with their digital transformation strategy (Figure 15).

       FIGURE 14:     Digital Transformation Strategy Launches

                                      When did your institution launch its digital transformation strategy?

                                                               18%                                                   17%          19%
                         16%                                                                                  15%
                                                                        14%     13%                13%
                                                       12%                                 12%
                                    9%      9%                                                                                            10%          11%
                 9%
                                                                                                                                                                4%

                 Before 2018           2018                 2019            2020               2021           Will launch          Will develop       Don’t plan to
                                                                                                               it in 2022        strategy in 2022     develop one

                                                                            Banks          Credit Unions

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       FIGURE 15:     Digital Transformation Strategy Progress

                                    How far along in your digital transformation strategy is your institution?

                                                 33%                    35%

                        13%                                                                      15%

                                                                                                                            2%                        3%

                      10% or less             25% through            50% through             75% through             Almost done                    Completed

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                                         30
Progress should be viewed through the lens of when an institution launched its digital transformation strategy,
       however. From that perspective, it’s hard to believe that, of institutions that launched a digital transformation
       strategy in 2021, 11% are three-quarters done and another 3% are almost done (Table P). That has to be the
       fastest “transformation” in the history of mankind.

       TABLE P:    Digital Transformation Progress by Start Date

                                    How far along in your digital transformation strategy is your institution?

                                                                                         Digital transformation strategy launched in…

                                                                     2021                  2020                    2019       2018      Before 2018

          10% or less                                                 34%                   16%                    7%          4%           3%

          25% through                                                 37%                  38%                     34%         38%         18%

          50% through                                                 14%                  32%                     51%         38%         35%

          75% through                                                 11%                  14%                     7%          15%         26%

          Almost done                                                 3%                    0%                     0%          4%           3%

          Completed                                                   0%                    0%                     0%          0%          15%

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IMPACT

       Loan productivity and volume have been the primary beneficiaries of credit unions’ digital transformation
       efforts, followed by overall member retention (Figure 16).

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                                         31
FIGURE 16:    Impact of Credit Unions’ Digital Transformation Strategies

                    What impact has your digital transformation strategy had on the following business metrics?

                            Loan productivity                             39%                                            37%                             14%            10%

                                  Loan volume                           32%                                            48%                                11%           10%

                   Overall member retention                       24%                                          48%                                12%              17%

            Deposit acct open productivity                        24%                                        44%                                  17%                 16%

                       Operational expenses                14%                             36%                            18%                 14%                 18%

                    Deposit account volume                12%                                    50%                                          26%                      12%

                  Other non-interest income            8%                 21%                                          52%                                        18%

                       Products per member            7%                             42%                                           32%                           19%

                  Payments-related revenue           5%                       31%                                            49%                                      16%

                            Significant (>5% improvement)           Moderate (5% improvement)           Moderate (
VENDOR SUPPORT FOR DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION EFFORTS

       Banks and credit unions differ in their perceptions regarding the contributions of their core system vendors to
       their digital transformation efforts. Executives from just less than one in five banks (18%) said their core vendors
       have made “significant” contributions in contrast to 13% of credit unions (Figure 18). On the other hand, nearly
       six in 10 executives from credit unions said their digital platform vendor has significantly contributed to their
       transformation compared to just a third of banks (Figure 19).

       FIGURE 18:    Core System Vendors’ Contributions to Financial Institutions’ Digital Transformation

             To what extent is your core system vendor contributing to the digital transformation of your business?

                                       51%
                                                                                                                   47%

                                                                                                                               31%

                         18%                          21%

                                                                   10%                                13%
                                                                                                                                     9%

                                              Banks                                                                 Credit Unions

                                                   Significant extent        Some extent         Little extent     No extent

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

       FIGURE 19:    Digital Platform Vendors’ Contributions to Financial Institutions’ Digital Transformation

           To what extent is your digital platform vendor contributing to the digital transformation of your business?

                                                                                                       58%

                                        48%

                          33%
                                                                                                                   29%

                                                      13%
                                                                                                                               9%
                                                                    6%
                                                                                                                                     4%

                                              Banks                                                                 Credit Unions

                                                   Significant extent        Some extent        Little extent      No extent

       Source: Cornerstone Advisors survey of 300 U.S.-based community financial institution executives, Q4 2021

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                                             33
According to Brad Smith, Partner at Cornerstone Advisors:

          “Digital transformation is forcing a core system decision at many financial institutions: Double down on
          digital with our core vendor or go with a best-in-class digital platform? Increasingly, many choose to go
          best-in-class because they believe the core vendors can’t keep up on innovation, user experience, and
          integration. And many are now choosing next-generation, digital-first cores to run their digital banks
          with an eye towards eventually converting their legacy bank over to these next-gen cores.”

       Survey respondents had no shortage of complaints to share about the core vendors (but we’ll only share
       three of them):

          “Vendors continue to state that they can do all the magical things, until implementation/integration
          begins. Then the finger pointing occurs. Even if you update your core to the newest and best, you still
          don’t get all the things you would like, and are dependent on the vendor’s roadmap, while also paying
          a good chunk of change.”

          “The future is not monolithic platforms that the Big 3 continue to try and shove down our throats.
          The shift towards the cloud and open APIs is inevitable. We need core solutions with fully documented
          and open REST APIs without needing to spend an additional seven figures on platforms like Mulesoft.
          We also need core vendors that are willing to start to put together their own low-code/no-code software
          factories so we can easily extend the core. I would rather the core vendors charge me per API call and
          make it simple to integrate with fintech partners and have an active list of ‘pre-built’ integrations so I
          can more cost effectively go with best-of-breed solutions.”

          “While fintechs and other vendors tout that even small FIs can compete digitally, we are handcuffed by
          the slowness and unwillingness of core providers to support integrations. And we have found that what’s
          in the sales pitch is often impossible to accomplish.”

       There’s a clear divergence of perceptions: financial institutions are frustrated with the core providers’ pace
       of innovation, but the technology providers counter that with examples of their innovative progress.3
       Why the divergence?

         According to Steve Williams, President of Cornerstone Advisors:

          “The differing perceptions stem from the fact that institutions below $50 billion in assets aren’t really
          positioned to ‘go it alone’ and merely consume technology from big players. As the core providers
          have grown, it feels like there is less ‘roll up the sleeves’ time between banks and vendors dealing with
          thorny issues of execution. The core providers should create a ‘service/execution ecosystem’ that can
          grow profitably around their solutions when they don’t have the financial flexibility to invest in the
          transformation and executive assistance needed by smaller institutions.”

CORNERSTONE ADVISORS | What’s Going On In Banking 2022: Rebounding from the Revenue Recession                           34
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