The Pandemic COVID-19: Analysis Of Major Worst Affected States Of India - sersc
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International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
The Pandemic COVID-19: Analysis Of Major Worst Affected States Of India
Aruna Dhamija
Professor, Institute of Business Management,
GLA University,Mathura,
aruna.dhamija@gla.ac.in
Abstract
The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already taken on
pandemic proportions; in a week affect over one hundred globally across the world. A global response to
put together is a challenge worldwide. Although containment measures in China have decreased new
instances have increased and the United States, Italy, France have been mainly affected now. There is
now grave concern concerning the Indian ministry of home affairs, Government of India have come up
with strategies to manage and control the public health crises that is threatening worldwide. The
objective of this study is to determine how seven major Indian States (Maharastra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu,
Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh) are managing to prevent the outbreaks of
COVID-19 through creating boundaries under Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). It also presents the
current scenario state-wise of India which is considered as the worst affecting states and the challenges
countenanced by the States.
Keywords: COVID-19, pandemic, state-wise, strategies, challenges
1. Introduction
In the past decades, several new diseases have emerged in new geographical areas, with pathogens
including Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and corona virus. COVID-19 is the disease caused by the new corona virus
that emerged in Wuhan City, China in December 2019- the epicenter of the virus outbreak (Wang et al.,
2020). Many developed countries such as America are still tracing the exact source of this new corona
virus; scientists and researchers are working to explore the exact link of this deadly virus. On 30th
January 2020, the WHO declared the Chinese outbreak of COVID-19 to be a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern posing a high risk to countries with vulnerable health systems. WHO (World
Health Organization) declared COVID-19 as pandemic different countries became cautious and start
controlling and managing, including India also. The "2016 Country Cooperation Strategy Guide"
corporate tool developed for WHO staff and national to enable the Country Cooperation Strategy to
address the health-related targets within the framework of the country’s regarding National Health
Policies, Strategies, and Plans. This will provide a robust framework for monitoring and evaluation of the
Country Cooperation Strategy ("WHO country cooperation strategy: guide 2016", 1970). The government
of India is taking all necessary steps to face the challenge and threat posed by the growing pandemic of
COVID-19 the Corona Virus. With the active support of the Government of India, the spread of the Virus
locally is to empower the citizens with the right information and taking precautions as per the advisories
being issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Ramesh, Siddaiah, and Joseph, 2020). With a
serious note, the work is further decentralized; the individual state is made responsible to take control of
the pandemic at their levels. An attempt is made; the different States of India make themselves
responsible for preparedness and readiness measures for COVID-19.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight how the seven major states of India which is worst-affected in
the country manage and control the situation of COVID-19. The author also attempted to explain how the
selected seven major states (where positive cases of COVID-19 are more than 1000 till 20th April)
controlled at the state level respectively.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3836
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
Corona virus COVID-19 has changed the world forever in less than two months. Now the world would
not be the same as before. No one has dreamt that a small Virus can change all of us- the way we live, the
way we behave (socializing, partying, meeting people, etc.) the way we consume things; make
expenditures; do businesses; go to jobs; travel (commute) from one place to another. The impact is so
great that life has practically come to an absolute halt since March 2020. This March can be called as
'Murderous March' as with the death tolls going up day by day, people all around the world have become
immovable - practically self-quarantined, a situation of self house arrest because of the havoc created by
the deadly Corona virus. This is a war-like situation and even worse than World War I and world war II
where every country in the world is panicked to savour its citizens from the hilariously infectious virus
with each passing day (Lippi, Sanchis-Gomar, and Henry, 2020). Be it China, USA, France, UK, Asia, or
the whole of Europe every government and its citizens are facing a total lockout condition (TLC) of
businesses, trades, offices, etc.
Minister Narendra Damodardas Modi termed COVID-19 as social vaccination and suggested national
lockdown curb the spread of corona virus. Motivated the Janta of India (Indian Citizens) to follow the
norms of Janta-curfew and informed to use the Aarogya Setu app as a critical link to fight against the
spread of COVID-19 in the country (Khanna et al., 2020). The app uses GPS and Bluetooth technology to
alert a user if they have come in contact with a COVID-19 positive patient. The preparedness and
remedial measures adopted by the Indian government along with the coordination of different states of
India was also recognized by many developed countries of the world. It was praised by the World Bank as
an important voluntary initiative to combat the pandemic.
It was discussed by John Hopkins University to know the status of COVID-19 could be used as a strategy
at State level. There are few ways if it is followed it may help the Indian States to figure out the status of
their respective states- “Date of seeding of the epidemic based on available testing data, presence of major
metro cities where initial transmission is more rapid, flight connections to Covid19 affected countries and
age and demographic variables”.
2. Indian States: The ‘Seven Salience’
Following are the seven states of India (Maharastra, Delhi, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh,
Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh) highlighted the preparedness, readiness and strategies adopted to manage and
control the epidemic:
Maharashtra
Maharashtra has been one of the worst COVID-19 hit states in India, calling for an equally strong strategy
by the state government, which has taken some effective and unprecedented steps in a well-coordinated
manner to contain the outbreak (Mahalle et al., 2020). Confirmed cases in Maharashtra -3651 total deaths-
211.Uddav Thackrey has failed to handle Covid cases hence, the central government brings in the army to
handle the slums of Dharavi and Govandi in Mumbai (Sinha, Sikander, and Lakshmi, "Uddhav Thackeray
has failed to handle Covid crisis. Bring in Army to save Mumbai", 2020). Maharashtra has become the
first state to cross 3000 covid cases across India. While following the 3T formula - Trace, Test and Treat,
following are some other steps taken at hospitals in Mumbai such as at Hafkin Institute, KEM Hospital
and J.J. Hospital. The state has 28 testing centers, including private ones.
The Chief Minister imposed a ban on inter-district transport to contain the outbreak. He also
imposed restrictions on passenger movement. Now, only two passengers are allowed in a taxi and
one in a rickshaw. Buses are reserved for those involved in essential services.
The state machinery has also ordered to keep the shops of essential commodities and medical
stores open for 24 hours to avoid crowding.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3837
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
A cluster containment action plan is being implemented in those places where multiple patients
have been found.
More than 290 teams are working in the Mumbai Municipal Corporation area and 373 teams in
the Pune Municipal Corporation area. A total of 210 teams are conducting house-to-house
surveillance in the Nagpur Corporation Area.
There are 2,332 teams that are working across the state. As a preventive measure against the
novel corona virus, isolation wards have been created in all district hospitals and government
medical colleges in Maharashtra.
Delhi
Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal to fight the outbreak of novel corona virus in the national capital
has announced Operation Shield. Delhi aggressively tested to identify, trace, quarantine and treat positive
corona virus cases. To strategize and control Delhi CM launched a five-point action plan (5T) to combat
the spread of COVID-19 in the National Capital. The 5 point plan contains Testing, Tracing, Treatment,
Teamwork, Tracking and Monitoring (Online, "Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal announces 5T plan to tackle
novel coronavirus crisis", 2020). 5T with 5 point plan strategy will make Delhi ready to fight back against
the Corona virus. Arvind Kejriwal stated that “the strategy has been formed after holding detailed
discussions with several experts and doctors and learning from the experience of other nations in fighting
against Corona virus”. Delhi CM announces Operation Shield to fight COVID-19 which is as follows:
Delhi CM has announced Operation Shield for containment zones
It is a six-prong strategy to fight COVID-19 outbreak in identified hotspots
Delhi had on Wednesday sealed 21 hotspots of COVID-19
Delhi government has come up with a term for its strategy to contain the spread of novel corona
virus - Operation Shield. As per the government strategy, SHIELD stands for “sealing, home
quarantine, isolation and tracing, essential supply, local sanitation and door-to-door checks”.
The Operation Shield will be executed in 21 localities identified as containment zones in Delhi.
Tamil Nadu
The National Health Mission Tamil Nadu, part of the Health and Family Welfare Department, has
launched a web portal to provide important updates on COVID-19 in the State (Nhm-Tn, "Home"). The
portal provides information about COVID-19; whom to contact; daily bulletin; health advisory;
‘important information’ and media gallery. There is also a link to self-reporting, in case if somebody has
symptoms of COVID-19. The portal also provides awareness on issues like social distancing through
audio, video and posters about COVID-19. It also has a link to global cases by the Center for Systems
Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University, which monitors the COVID-19 cases globally in
real-time. The ‘important information’ section has the latest advisories issued by the Center and State
governments, and the Indian Council of Medical Research. There is also a link providing a Twitter feed of
C Vijayabaskar, State Minister for Health and Family Welfare, who has been updating information on
COVID-19 through the social media. A state-level video conferencing was held by Tamil Nadu chief
secretary K Shanmugam with all the district collectors, higher officials of various departments and deans
of medical colleges. District administrations have been advised to implement the government orders to
contain the spread of COVID-19 (Dalton, Corbett, and Katelaris, 2020). It is only in the Assembly that
many issues, including Corona virus, can be discussed in detail and the message will reach out to the
public. All precautionary measures to prevent corona virus are being taken in the Secretariat and
Assembly complex.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3838
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, the Tamil Nadu government has adopted several
measures to bring the situation under control. Tamil Nadu has witnessed a massive rise in positive cases
for the novel corona virus. With the increasing number of COVID-19 cases, the Tamil Nadu government
has adopted several ways to bring the situation under control. They are as follows:
Testing: The testing facility has been expanded with the addition of two more centers - one at
government-run IRT Perundurai Medical College Hospital in Erode District and another private
lab, the health secretary said. With these, the state now has 11 laboratories in government and six
in private sectors.
Surveillance: State capital Chennai, is one of the 10 worst-affected cities in the country. Taking
note of this, “the Greater Chennai Corporation (GCC) launched a 90-day, door-to-door survey of
close to a million buildings in the city to record COVID-19 symptoms”. Those with symptoms
would instantly be taken to the closest COVID-19 medical facility.
Supply of essential items: The state government has ensured the smooth delivery of essential
goods and services to people in a manner that keeps them safe at home. The government has set
aside Rs 3,280 crore for measures such as Rs 1,000 cash support scheme and delivering free rice,
lentils and cooking oil through Public Distribution System.
Social distancing: Social distancing is one of the most important measures to stop corona virus
transmission and the Tamil Nadu government is making efforts to maintain this. The state has
relocated half of the 120 farmers' markets, where farmers can sell their produce directly to
consumers, to bus stands. It has been done to use the large open architecture of bus stands, which
makes it easier to install disinfectant tunnels and prevent physical contact among people gathered
to buy vegetables and fruits.
Rajasthan
On 2 March 2020, 69-year-old group tested positive among 23 Italian tourists from Italy for COVID-19.
Since then the initiatives were started into action through The Chief Minister of Rajasthan ordered the
hotels where the Italian tourists resided to be sanitized (Parihar, "Coronavirus: Rajasthan govt puts staff
on alert after Italian tested positive", 2020). Three doctors of a private hospital along with six others
tested positive in Bhilwara district on 20 March. 25 suspects were identified and kept in isolation. The
government imposed a curfew on the whole district and sealed its borders. A door-to-door survey of
around 80,000 houses in the Bhilwara city was initiated. Thereafter, the strategies adopted in Bhilwara
control the situation and no positives cases were found. Between 3–10 April, only two new cases have
been reported in the city. Patwardhan (2020) explained about the containment strategy followed by the
district administration referred to as the "Bhilwara model" was praised nationwide for its effectiveness in
the containment of the virus and the rest of the States of the country start following the Model of
Bhilwara to control the pandemic. Rajasthan government has adopted several ways to bring the situation
under control. They are as follows:
On 19 March, Section 144 which restricted gathering of five or more was imposed in Rajasthan to
contain the spread of the disease.
The government had also screened all passengers reaching Jaipur via foreign flights and kept the
ones showing symptoms in home isolation for 14 days.
The state was first to announce complete lockdown starting 22 March, barring essential services.
On 22 March,
The Government banned public transport services in the state.
On 24 March, the state banned all private vehicles in the roads after COVID-19 cases crossed 32
in the state.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3839
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
The state government had also announced free ration for two months for families covered under
the National Food Security Act (NFSA).
On 11 April, the state government announced the financial assistance of 50 lakhs to the family of
government employees who die due to disease during anti-COVID-19 operations.
The state government was the first to start rapid testing for COVID-19 through the rapid testing
kit. It gives instant results based on the presence of antibodies in the blood, which helped in
quickly isolating the suspected person
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh's government is making all efforts to fight corona virus: CM Shivraj Singh Chouhan. As
soon as the nationwide lockdown was announced, the Madhya Pradesh police took a unique step to curb
the movement of people who were needlessly wandering on the streets. They handed over a paper to such
defaulters that carried a message, ‘I am an enemy of the society. I will not stay at home’.
The Madhya Pradesh Government issued an advisory regarding Corona virus symptoms and the
possibility of human to human transmission and ordered that all health professionals be educated about
the same (Sharma, 2017; Chaurasiya et al., 2020). With several bureaucrats, police officials and health
department workers testing positive in Madhya Pradesh, it is imperative that the state bolsters its
measures, of which, a few have been highlighted below:
The state's control and command center have been established where arrangements have been
made for providing telemedicine facilities to people. Doctors are deployed and are answering
people's calls, prescribing medicines and making arrangements for providing them.
The Chief Minister has also decided to provide ration free of cost to the poor, irrespective of
whether they have ration cards or not, for the next three months.
The Madhya Pradesh government has decided to promote students of all classes, except standards
10th and 12th of the state schools without exams because of the corona virus outbreak.
Around 1,500 beds have been arranged for at Bhopal and Indore for treatment of corona-affected
patients.
Gujarat
The Gujarat government discovers patients in the state got infected through local transmission while the
rest 26 have travel history (Pti, "Coronavirus: 18 of 44 Gujarat cases that of local transmission", 2020).
“Of the 18 local transmission patients, 16 had come in direct contact with foreign-returned infected
persons while two had visited places like Delhi and Jaipur”, said Jayanti Ravi, Principal Secretary,
Health. Most COVID-19 cases are reported in the district of Ahmedabad, Surat, Vadodara, Rajkot,
Gandhinagar and one each in Mehsana, Bhavnagar and Kutch districts.
The State government has made the following facilities and arrangements:
Four hospitals for corona virus patients with a combined bed capacity of 2200.
Ahmedabad has 1200-bed hospital, while Surat has a 500-bed hospital and Rajkot and Vadodara
have each 250-bed hospital.
New corona virus cases will be kept in isolation at these dedicated hospitals.
The State government has completed surveillance and tracking of 3.98 crores out of about 6 crore
population in the State for a possible fever or respiratory infection.
The testing facilities in the State have increased to six medical colleges and two private labs
having combined testing capacity at about 1000 tests daily.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3840
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
The Gujarat government has decided to open isolation ward in each of the 33 districts for the
treatment of any suspected novel corona virus case, while 87 people, who recently returned from
the virus-hit Iran, have been kept under observation.
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh one of the most populous states in India, combating strategy is required to face the
challenge of COVID19. There is no doubt that Uttar Pradesh is the largest state in the country in terms of
population and in such a situation the battle with COVID-19 becomes even more challenging and
intricate. The need of the hour is to work hard to turn every challenge into an opportunity. As soon as the
alarm about the corona virus was sounded, the government started taking some rapid measures.
In the first week of March, on the call of Hon’ble Prime Minister, the government starts the proceedings
for the prevention of corona in the following ways “special programs for the training of physicians,
paramedical and nursing staffs, etc. were ensured. The Panchayati Raj, Rural Development and Urban
Development Departments were directed to conduct comprehensive awareness programs. The state
government has formed 11 committees. For the citizens of Uttar Pradesh residing in other States, 32 nodal
officers were deployed (16 IAS, 16 IPS). Through the CM Helpline 1076, enquired the village heads to
communicate and make people aware of the virus in the villages too”.
3. Implications
The economic scenario around the world is worst impacted due to the total lockout condition (TLC). All
sectors especially manufacturing, services like banking, transportation, education, insurance, etc. are so
adversely affected that no commerce (transactions) are happening in almost every single field/sector of
business. With every passing day, governments are becoming helpless and clueless to find what to do to
curb and control the Corona monster. It seems that all the fiction movies of Hollywood and Bollywood
have come alive and that there is no difference between 'reel life' and 'real-life'. The colossal damage to
the economic or business world will take at least five years to recover and that too if nothing more
dangerous occurs like this in years to come. What progress and growth in terms of economic development
and enhanced quality of living the world have seen in the past ten years has been wiped off completely
within two months, i.e., this February and March. The saying that "It takes a hell of efforts to build
something and takes no time to demolish it" has come alive as the ultimate truth. Therefore, if an
individual state with proper coordination and cooperation could make impossible to possible by following
keys:
Key #1: Information
Reliable facts are the best base of operations to design a plan for oneself and the family. Choose sources
wisely and look for advice that includes physical safety as well as economic, social, spiritual, and mental
health components. Use an outline to cover a transition from now to the next few weeks to months — and
possibly a year or two — ahead. Remember to fine-tune the plans as per to situations and information
change. Mental health may become the biggest challenge of all during this time and on into recovery
through counseling their self-care plans.
Key #2: Support
A single state cannot do this alone. The journey back to normalcy probably will be a long one. Begin
contacting people, groups, and organizations that could work. Manage mental illness through free eBooks
such as “COVID19 Resource and Information Guide”, includes topics such as stress, anxiety, working at
home, safety (when you don’t feel safe at home), and more. Find local support and food banks through
churches or city offices. The one thing that even long-term survivors of any challenge need and depend on
is “support”.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3841
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
Key #3: Patience
Cultivate a sense of patience. COVID-19 has caused a lot to change in our lives. Some of these changes
will be permanent. Maybe one will be doing things differently for a long time to come. Settle in and think
about this situation in terms of long-haul solutions. Including self-care in their routine and periods of rest
could help.
Key #4: Openness
Being ready to help someone else whenever help is required is one of the basic tenets of groups as what
corona warriors are doing. Because helping someone else gives us moments of self-healing like nothing
else can. That’s take’s one mind off own grief often provides the first glimmers of hope through that
recovery is possible. This means that will consider sobriety, grief, or fear and will manage them more
reasonably.
The above-mentioned ways will change the world and can take the best of those changes and incorporate
them into a new life design. These efforts when considered seriously by individual state concerned will be
sure could tackle the challenges to make the vision come true.
4. Discussion and Conclusion
At the same time if authorities of Indian states would consider all the adversities and havoc created by the
monstrous virus may bring a ray of hope or 'blessing in disguise' for that matter. Many people who die
due to pollution every year will be able to survive at least this year. Pollution levels in all the countries
around the world have come down like anything- probably to the least level in the last five decades. The
industrial, as well as vehicle pollution in the last week of March 2020, is at the bare minimum level
giving nature a space to rejuvenate and revive by cleansing the dirt created in the environment over the
last few decades. There is a respite from all sorts of pollution on one hand and the materialistic world
syndrome (MWS) on the other. People will now get an opportunity to rethink the MWS; MWS is a
syndrome that has affected the humankind in the last 4-5 decades - 'a competition to grow
materialistically anyhow'. People will now have time to spend time with their family members and
understand the importance of values, love, and belongingness. With time to introspect now, we can
minimize the MWS to break the chain of endless materialism. Corona is dangerous and lethal; however
with the world showing unity and solidarity against it (all the governments, officials, health workers,
various agencies and citizen action groups working day and night) will make it disappear in few months
for sure if not in few days (Gostin, 2004). With the strong efforts at State level, together can break the
chain of corona virus and stop its growth to eradicate it and should also think of breaking the endless
chain of materialism.
One’s own previous life experiences may have prepared well to face returning to work and helping their
children return to school during a challenging time with confidence and time-tested tools that work.
Would have given a “Start” at State level now? Having something to look forward to is an added benefit.
World Health Organisation (WHO) praised India has been demonstrating unwavering commitment in its
fight against coronavirus. It is found that Dr Poonam Khetrapal Singh, Regional Director, World Health
Organisation mentioned “India is in a better position than other advanced nations. World Health
Organization commends India’s timely and tough actions to stop COVID19. It may be leaded to better
results through nationwide lockdown to facilitate effective physical distancing, coupled with the
expansion of core public health measures such as detection, isolation and tracing contact of COVID19
positive people, would go a long way in arresting the virus spread”. In these testing times, the various
actions were taken at the State level contributing the best to beat the virus. A month and a half ago several
countries had been at par with India in terms of corona infection. But today, corona cases in those
countries are 25 to 30 times that of India. Thousands of people have tragically died in those countries.
ISSN: 2005-4238 IJAST 3842
Copyright ⓒ 2020 SERSCInternational Journal of Advanced Science and Technology
Vol. 29, No. 9s, (2020), pp. 3836-3844
Had India not adopted a holistic and integrated approach, taking quick and decisive action; the situation in
India today would have been completely different. Therefore, India has benefitted from the lockdown.
Big companies in Europe and the US are seriously considering diversifying their supply chain, to reduce
their over-reliance on China. China is so far considered as the world factory for cheap products. However,
COVID-19 induced disruptions in world trade prompted the CEOs to diversify their sources for parts.
For, India this is now or never an opportunity, to collaborate with them. The Modi Government should
give the highest priority to improve the ease of doing business in India, at the earliest. It's possible, only
when the State Government is motivated to do their best. Otherwise, this opportunity will quickly vanish,
because those companies can move to other countries. By implementing the above, and any other
important measures, the economic activity should be allowed to start again, without any further delay.
The path that different states of India have taken within limited resources has become a topic of
discussion in the entire world today. Prime Minister Narendra Modi nudged “various ministries to
accelerate reform initiatives and remove obstacles in a time-bound manner”. Modi and Chief Ministers of
states held a comprehensive meeting to discuss strategies to attract more foreign investments into India as
well as to promote local investments to boost the economy also. Prime Minister has motivated the Chief
Ministers of different states to look towards funding support which is the hour of need along with
individual contributions, corporate support, and shared mission with family and friends at the state level
too.
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