PWC'S MONTHLY TAX UPDATE - KEEPING YOU UP TO DATE ON THE LATEST AUSTRALIAN AND INTERNATIONAL TAX DEVELOPMENTS
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www.pwc.com.au PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Keeping you up to date on the latest Australian and international tax developments February 2022
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Corporate Tax Update 2019-20 Corporate Tax Draft R&D tax incentive Transparency Report determination on clinical trials The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has published The Department of Industry, Science, Energy and the 2019-20 Corporate Tax Transparency Report Resources has published a draft R&D determination outlining total income, taxable income and tax paid by: for consultation. The draft Industry Research and Australian public and foreign-owned companies Development (clinical trials, Phase 0, I, II, III for an with an total income of $100 million or more; and unapproved therapeutic good) Determination 2021 identifies when phase 0, I, II or III clinical trials will be Australian-owned resident private companies accepted to be core R&D activities and is intended to with an income of $200 million or more. provide increased certainty on eligibility to entities The 2,370 companies included in the report paid a conducting clinical trials. Comments on the draft total of $57.2 billion, or around 65 per cent, of all determination can be made by 17 February 2022. corporate income tax in the 2019-20 income year. Since the first report in 2013-14, there has been This is the first R&D Tax Incentive determination in growth in total income, taxable income, and income development following reforms announced in the 2021-22 Federal Budget allowing for determinations tax payable. In 2019-20, the growth in these amounts has been largely driven by the mining sector, which on the R&D tax incentive. AusIndustry has accounted for around 44 per cent of tax payable. consulted with the Australian Taxation Office and Department of Health on this work. The report also outlines the Petroleum Resources Rent Tax (PRRT) paid by 12 corporate entities. ANAO report on R&D incentive ATO rulings on R&D incentive “at administration risk” rule The Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) has released a performance audit report on the joint The ATO has issued final Taxation Ruling TR 2021/5 administration of the R&D tax incentive program. on the research and development (R&D) tax The report concluded that administration, incentive and when expenditure is considered to be communication and claims processing by Industry ‘at risk’. The ‘at risk’ rule operates to deny a notional Innovation and Science Australia (IISA) – supported deduction for some or all of R&D expenditure if the by the Department of Industry Science, Energy and taxpayer or an associate receives consideration as a Resources – and the ATO, were largely effective. direct or indirect result of the expenditure incurred, However, there were weaknesses in their and would have received the consideration compliance activities, including: regardless of the results of the activities on which the R&D expenditure was incurred. The Ruling is the Department of Industry Science, Energy and intended to provide certainty to taxpayers about Resources’ approach was not clearly aligned whether the ‘at risk’ rule is satisfied, for example, with compliance risks and its examination where R&D activities are carried out in the context of processes did not meet timeframe targets and commercial contracts for the supply of products or did not always result in an outcome, and services. It contains a number of examples illustrating The ATO’s monitoring and reporting on R&D tax how the ‘at risk” rule applies. incentive compliance was not commensurate The ATO has also issued final Taxation with risk. Determination TD 2021/9 on how the ‘at risk’ rule There were also weaknesses identified in the joint applies to JobKeeper payments received that relate approach to compliance for the program. to eligible employees who undertake R&D activities. The report made two recommendations to IISA and Broadly, the Determination concludes that the the Department of Industry Science, Energy and receipt of JobKeeper payments in these Resources, relating to improvement of advance circumstances triggers the ‘at risk’ rule such that the findings and examinations, and one taxpayer cannot notionally deduct the portion of the recommendation to the ATO to establish monitoring wages expenditure incurred on R&D activities that and reporting arrangements to assess the has attracted the JobKeeper payment. However, the effectiveness of its compliance activities. All receipt of a JobKeeper payment in respect of an recommendations were agreed to by IISA, the ‘eligible business participant’ (such as a director, Department of Industry Science, Energy and shareholder, partner or trust beneficiary) does not Resources and the ATO. trigger the ‘at risk’ rule. January 2022 PwC 2
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Chris Morris, Sydney Michael Bona, Brisbane Warren Dick, Sydney Australian Tax Leader Global Tax Leader Tax Reporting & Strategy Leader +61 (2) 8266 3040 +61 (7) 3257 5015 +61 (2) 8266 2935 chris.morris@pwc.com michael.bona@pwc.com warren.dick@pwc.com Sarah Hickey, Sydney James O’Reilly, Brisbane Jason Karametos, Melbourne Sydney Tax Market Leader Brisbane Tax Leader Industries Tax Leader +61 (2) 8266 1050 +61 (7) 3257 8057 +61 (3) 8603 6233 sarah.a.hickey@pwc.com james.oreilly@pwc.com jason.karametos@pwc.com Kirsten Arblaster, Melbourne Rob Bentley, Perth Alistair Hutson, Adelaide Melbourne Tax Leader Perth Tax Leader Partner +61 (3) 8603 6120 +61 (8) 9238 5202 +61 (8) 8218 7467 kirsten.arblaster@pwc.com robert.k.bentley@pwc.com alistair.hutson@pwc.com Liam Collins, Melbourne Amy Etherton, Newcastle Financial Services Tax Leader Partner +61 (3) 8603 3119 +61 (2) 4925 1175 liam.collins@pwc.com amy.etherton@pwc.com Employment Taxes Update ATO view on vaccination same principles adopted in the earlier draft version, PS LA 2021/D1, which includes a greater emphasis incentives for employees on employer proactivity, and effective controls and The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has published processes. This Practice Statement includes a a fact sheet setting out its view on the tax number of examples which demonstrate the implications for employers of various incentives or circumstances in which the Commissioner will, or rewards provided to employees for getting a will not, provide relief. COVID-19 vaccination. For more details, please see our article What’s The fact sheet confirms the ATO’s view that cash emerging? Finalised ATO Guidance on remission of incentives, cash rewards or paid leave should be 200% SGC penalty treated as part of wages for pay as you go withholding (PAYG), superannuation guarantee and STP exemption income tax purposes. Furthermore, it confirms that The ATO has made a legislative determination – there is generally no fringe benefits tax (FBT) on the Taxation Administration — Single Touch Payroll — provision or payment for an employee’s transport to 2021–22 and 2022–23 years Withholding Payer get their COVID-19 vaccination, as the travel is Number Exemption 2021 – to exempt entities which associated with work-related preventative health have a withholding payer number and no Australian care that is exempt from FBT. Other exemptions to Business Number from reporting under single touch the FBT regime, such as the minor benefits payroll (STP) for the 2021-22 and 2022-23 income exemption may also be used for other vaccination years. The instrument applies retrospectively from incentives provided the relevant criteria are 1 July 2021. satisfied. No FBT arises on non-cash incentives or rewards that are provided by the employer to the SA COVID-19 support public at large (even if some of the recipients are The South Australian (SA) Government has employees) where the incentives are not provided in announced a business support package for respect of employment. hospitality and tourism businesses as well as gyms, impacted by density restrictions. The package Guidance on remission of SG includes cash grants of up to AUD 22,000, liquor charge penalty licence waivers and payroll tax deferrals for eligible businesses. The ATO has released Practice Statement Law Administration PS LA 2021/3 that outlines the Payroll tax deferral will apply to tourism, hospitality principles for the remission of the additional 200% and gyms impacted by the trading restrictions upon superannuation guarantee (SG) charge and penalty application to RevenueSA. Any business operating relief. The finalised Practice Statement reiterates the in eligible sectors is able to apply for a deferral of January 2022 PwC 3
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update payroll tax payments due over the period January to found that there was no discretion for the ATO or March 2022. Deferred payments will be due from the AAT to extend the period in which a taxable April 2022. supply could be made so that the taxpayer was not eligible to receive JobKeeper payments. Employment relationship found DGSC v FC of T 2021 [2021] AATA 4816 – the The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has held taxpayer who initially nominated to receive in Trustee for Virdis Family Trust t/a Rickard Heating JobKeeper with her employer, subsequently Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2022] withdrew the nomination and submitted a further AATA 3 that the relationship between the taxpayer nomination to receive JobKeeper as a business and a contractor was characterised as an participant was not eligible to receive JobKeeper. employment relationship with the result that the The AAT found for the Commissioner on the taxpayer was liable to pay the SG charge. basis that one of the requirements to qualify for In this case, the contracted plumber worked for an JobKeeper was that the individual had not given hourly rate and was required to follow reasonable any other entity notice prior to nominating for and lawful directions given by the taxpayer. The JobKeeper with the ATO. While the Tribunal contractor worked full time for the taxpayer at places acknowledged the decision was harsh, there directed by the taxpayer, and was not required to were no grounds available to it to set aside the arrange a replacement or delegate work if he was previous notice provided to the employer and the not available on that day. The AAT found that the requirements of the JobKeeper rules meant that contract was wholly or principally for the provision of the nomination requirements were not satisfied. labour with no capacity to delegate that labour, and RWPY v Federal Commissioner of Taxation was accordingly an employment contract for [2021] AATA 4921 – the taxpayer was found not purposes of the SG charge. The fact that the parties to be eligible to receive JobKeeper payments as agreed that the contractor would pay his own a business participant on the basis that the superannuation contributions or agreed that the taxpayer was correctly classified as an employee taxpayer should not pay them was irrelevant to the despite the purported contractor arrangements liability of the applicant to pay the SG charge. put in place. While there were some indicia of a business being conducted, the Tribunal found JobKeeper payment date extended that on balance, when having regard to the for successful objections entirety of the working relationship, it was clear The Treasurer has published the Treasury Laws the taxpayer was not conducting a business Amendment (Miscellaneous Amendments) Rules FFYS v Federal Commissioner of Taxation 2021 that amend the Coronavirus Economic [2021] AATA 4844 – the taxpayer, an AirBnB Response Package (Payments and Benefits) superhost, was found not to be carrying on a Rules 2020. The amendments allow the ATO to business and accordingly was not eligible for make JobKeeper payments after 31 March 2022 if JobKeeper. The Tribunal was also satisfied that the payment gives effect to an objection decision, the taxpayer was not supplying commercial provided the original objection was lodged on or residential premises, which means the supply of before 30 November 2021. residential premises is input taxed, and hence the revenue generated in connection with those AAT decisions on JobKeeper supplies does not form part of the applicant’s The AAT has considered a number of decisions projected GST turnover which is a relevant which concern an entity’s entitlement to the criteria for JobKeeper entitlement. JobKeeper: Listed entity JobKeeper data Yazdani v Federal Commissioner of Taxation The Australian Securities and Investments [2021] AATA 4814 – the taxpayer had applied for Commission (ASIC) has released the first of its an Australian Business Number prior to the monthly reports disclosing data on JobKeeper introduction of JobKeeper and changed his payments received by listed entities. The report Goods and Services Tax registration to report discloses the amount of JobKeeper that each listed annually. If the taxpayer had lodged monthly, he entity received, the number of individuals that would have been eligible for JobKeeper and the received payments and any voluntary repayments. taxpayer contended that his circumstances were ASIC will continue to release monthly reports as ones to which JobKeeper should apply. The AAT listed entities provide data. January 2022 PwC 4
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Norah Seddon, Sydney Adam Nicholas, Sydney Greg Kent, Melbourne Partner Partner Partner +61 (2) 8266 5864 +61 (2) 8266 8172 +61 (3) 8603 3149 norah.seddon@pwc.com adam.nicholas@pwc.com greg.kent@pwc.com Anne Bailey, Melbourne Stephanie Males, Canberra Maria Ravese, Adelaide Partner Partner Partner +61 (3) 8603 6818 +61 (2) 6271 3414 +61 (8) 8218 7494 anne.m.bailey@pwc.com stephanie.males@pwc.com maria.a.ravese@pwc.com Paula Shannon, Brisbane Lisa Hando, Perth Partner Partner +61 (7) 3257 5751 +61 (8) 9238 5116 paula.shannon@pwc.com lisa.hando@pwc.com Global Tax Update ATO guidance on imported hybrid primarily focus on whether the APA product continues to provide the right service for taxpayers mismatches finalised and how to assure transfer pricing risks in the most The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has finalised efficient way. The ATO would also consider how to Practical Compliance Guideline PCG 2021/5 tailor the APA process to better align with risk and (PCG 2021/5) on the Commissioner’s approach to behavioural indicators. the imported hybrid mismatch rule. PCG 2021/5 sets out the expectations regarding the Commissioner’s Transfer pricing dispute relating to assessment of risk in connection with the imported cross-border funding hybrid mismatch rules, including the Commissioner’s The Federal Court found for the Commissioner in approach to reviewing whether a taxpayer has Singapore Telecom Australia Investments Pty Ltd v undertaken reasonable enquiries in relation to the Commissioner of Taxation [2021] FCA 1597, which rules for non-structured arrangements. This PCG is concerned interest claimed in Australia on funding relevant to any Australian taxpayer that makes any by way of a cross-border intra-group loan note cross-border related party payments (including issuance agreement (LNIA) that was amended a interest, royalties, management fees and purchases number of times after its initial issuance. The of raw materials and trading stock). lengthy judgment canvasses both the old transfer There are welcome changes to the PCG based pricing provisions in former Division 13 of the on consultation in relation to the draft issued in Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 and the current April 2021. However, it is clear that the provisions in Subdivision 815-A of the Income Tax Commissioner’s expectations on the process and Assessment Act 1997, as well as considering other information required by a taxpayer to evidence recent transfer pricing cases. compliance with the imported hybrid mismatch rule In finding for the Commissioner, the Court are extensive. A number of changes to the seven concluded that the conditions operating between the “risk zones” have been made in the final PCG along parties in their commercial and financial relations with clarification of some aspects of the ATO’s differed from those which might be expected to expectations. operate between independent enterprises dealing Reporting obligations for all multinational companies wholly independently with one another, and that a with operations in Australia in relation to the hybrid reliable hypothesis is that independent parties in the mismatch rules are extensive and are expected to positions of the taxpayer and the lender might have be expanded for the 2022 tax year . Read more in been expected to have agreed to the interest rate as PwC’s Tax Alert. per the original LNIA, that interest could be deferred and capitalised, and that there would be a parent ATO review of advance pricing guarantee. Furthermore, having agreed to a arrangements transaction with these components initially, a reliable hypothesis is that the independent parties The ATO has announced that it intends to conduct a would not have agreed to make the changes review into the advance pricing arrangement (APA) contained in later amendments to the LNIA. program, commencing in early 2022. The review will January 2022 PwC 5
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update OECD Pillar Two model rules 95 jurisdictions are now fully in line with the BEPS Action 5 minimum standard, with the released remaining 36 jurisdictions receiving one or more The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and recommendations to improve their legal or Development (OECD) has published model rules for operational framework to identify and exchange Pillar Two of the Two Pillar Solution to address tax the tax rulings. challenges arising from the digitalisation and 2021 edition of Revenue Statistics, which found globalisation of the economy. Pillar Two is designed that, among other things, the impact of the to establish a global minimum corporate tax rate of COVID-19 pandemic on tax revenues in OECD 15 per cent for multinational enterprises with countries was less pronounced than during revenues greater than EUR750 million, with the previous crises, in part due to government model rules being a template to assist jurisdictions support measures introduced to support with implementing Pillar Two into domestic households and businesses. legislation by: 2020 Mutual Agreement Procedure (MAP) defining multinational enterprises within the Statistics covering 118 jurisdictions. The MAP scope of Pillar Two statistics show that the top 25 jurisdictions setting out a mechanism for calculating the account for 95 per cent of MAP cases and the effective tax rate on a jurisdictional basis and number of transfer pricing cases has continued determining the amount of top-up tax to grow since 2016. MAP cases continue to take payable and a long time to resolve, with the average transfer pricing case taking 35 months to resolve, and imposing the top-up tax in accordance with an 15 per cent of cases outstanding at the end of agreed rule order. 2020 had been pending for at least five years. Further clarification in relation to the rules is Measuring effective taxation of housing, which expected to be provided with the Implementation examines taxation policy and effective tax rates Framework in mid-2022. For further details read for owner-occupied and investment property in PwC’s Tax Policy Alert. 40 OECD member and partner countries. The At the 14th Plenary meeting of the OECD’s report finds that the level and components of Forum on Tax Administration, held on housing taxation varies greatly based on the 16-17 December 2021, tax commissioners from investment scenario., and that this tax differential across the globe agreed to prioritise support for should be reduced to increase equity. implementation of the Two-Pillar Solution, including through the possible further development of tax Australia-UK Free Trade certainty tools to help prevent disputes and reduce Agreement burdens, and to develop a new strategic framework Australia has signed a comprehensive Free Trade covering both digitalisation and digital Agreement with the United Kingdom (UK). Upon transformation to inform both domestic reforms and entering into force, the agreement will reduce or international collaboration. eliminate tariffs on over 99 percent of Australia Other OECD updates goods exports to the UK and on almost all UK goods imports, provide the same level of access for The OECD has published the following: Australian professionals to the UK job market as EU The 2022 edition of Transfer Pricing Guidelines nationals, provide the right for Australian businesses for Multinational Enterprises and Tax to bid for UK government contracts and provide for Administrations, which provides guidance on the best practice investment rules to encourage UK arm’s length principle, the international businesses to invest in Australia. The agreement is consensus on valuation of cross-border intended to enter into force during 2022. transactions between associated enterprises for income tax purposes. The latest edition includes Changes to tariff regulations revised guidance on the application of the The Customs Tariff Amendment (2022 Harmonized transactional profit split method, hard-to-value System Changes and Other Measures) Regulations intangibles and financial transactions. 2021 and Customs Amendment (2022 Harmonized 2020 Peer Review Reports on Exchange of System Changes and Other Measures) Regulations Information on Tax Rulings, which finds that the 2021 update tariff classification headings and global reach of the BEPS Action 5 minimum subheadings in various regulations in Australia in standard on tax rulings continues to increase, line with the Harmonized Commodity Description with 22 000 tax rulings having been identified and Coding System (the Harmonized System) and 41 000 exchanges between jurisdictions maintained by the World Customs Organisation having taken place. According to the report, (WCO). The WCO reviews and updates the January 2022 PwC 6
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Harmonized System every five years, and this AAT decision on tariff update implements the outcomes of the sixth review that was completed in 2019 and is commonly classification of dishwashers referred to as the 2022 Harmonized System. The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has found in favour of the Comptroller-General of Updated excise guidelines Customs in its decision in Winterhalter (Australia) The ATO has updated its excise guidelines for the Pty Ltd v Comptroller-General of Customs [2021] alcohol industry to include the remission scheme for AATA 4407. The decision concerned whether alcohol manufacturers that was announced in the commercial dishwashers with three standard 2021-22 Federal Budget. Under the scheme, eligible programs were covered by Tariff Concession Order alcohol manufactures are able to receive an 1612840 which applied to dishwashers with one, immediate remission of excise duty up to an annual two or four cycles. The taxpayer had argued that cap of AUD 350,000, commencing from 1 July 2021. while the dishwashers contained three standard The excise guidelines provide guidance on programs, each program used two cycles involving eligibility for the scheme and application of the a wash and then rinse. The AAT had regard to relevant criteria. expert evidence to conclude that the terms program The ATO has also updated its excise guidelines for and cycle were used interchangeably in Australia so duty free shops. that the dishwashers in question had three cycles and were therefore not covered by the tariff concession order. Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Chris Morris, Sydney Michael Bona, Brisbane Peter Collins, Melbourne Australian Tax Leader Global Tax Leader International Tax Leader +61 (2) 8266 3040 +61 (7) 3257 5015 +61 (3) 8603 6247 chris.j.morris@pwc.com michael.bona@pwc.com peter.collins@pwc.com Michael Taylor, Melbourne Greg Weickhardt, Melbourne Nick Houseman, Sydney Partner Partner Australian Transfer Pricing Leader +61 (3) 8603 4091 +61 (3) 8603 2547 +61 (2) 8266 4647 michael.taylor@pwc.com greg.weickhardt@pwc.com nick.p.houseman@pwc.com Angela Danieletto, Sydney Jayde Thompson, Sydney Jonathan Malone, Sydney Partner Partner Partner +61 (2) 8266 0973 +61 (4) 0367 8059 +61 (2) 8266 4770 angela.danieletto@pwc.com jayde.thompson@pwc.com jonathan.r.malone@pwc.com Gary Dutton Partner, Australian Trade Leader +61 (4) 3418 2652 gary.dutton@pwc.com Indirect Tax Update Valuation methodology for GST valuations that regulated the use of hindsight information, the valuation was not made contrary to margin scheme professional standards and should be accepted as The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has held an approved valuation. in Decleah Investments Pty Ltd & Anor as trustee for the PRS Unit Trust v Federal Commissioner of Overpayment of GST Taxation [2021] AATA 4821 that a land valuation The AAT has held in M3K Services Pty Ltd v using a discounted cashflow methodology to Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2021] AATA conduct a land valuation as at 1 July 2000 was an 4416 that the taxpayer was not entitled to a refund approved valuation for goods and services tax of overpaid GST on the basis that the excess GST (GST) margin scheme purposes despite using had been passed on to customers. The taxpayer hindsight information. The AAT accepted the supplied and administered cosmetic injectables and taxpayer’s argument that since there were no accounted for GST assuming that the supplies were professional standards relating to real property wholly taxable, when in fact the supplies included a January 2022 PwC 7
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update mix of GST-free and taxable supplies. The AAT apply in cases where the supplies of adjustable affirmed the decision of the Commissioner in beds, pressure management mattresses or pressure refusing a refund of the overpaid GST as the management overlays are currently being treated as taxpayer had not reimbursed customers for excess GST-free where in such cases the Commissioner GST paid. will not seek to disturb this approach for tax periods commencing prior to the Determination being GST treatment of adjustable beds issued, or within three months after the issue of the and pressure mattresses final Determination on 8 December 2021. The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has published Consultation on GST treatment GST Determination GSTD 2021/2 on when the supply of an adjustable bed, pressure management when meals are supplied in mattress or pressure management overlay are GST- residential care free. The determination uses an essential character The ATO is proposing an update to GST Ruling test examining the basic nature, composition, GSTR 2012/3 which deals with when care services function and other factors to determine if the bed, and accommodation provided to residents in mattress or overlay is specifically designed for privately funded nursing homes, aged care hostels people with an illness or disability and not widely and retirement villages are GST-free. The proposed used by people without an illness or disability. changes will address when a retirement village GSTD 2021/2 also contains a practical compliance operator is considered to ‘provide daily meals’ for all approach to determining if the item is widely used by residents living within that operator’s serviced people without an illness or disability. apartment in order for the residential care services Although the Determination applies both before and to be GST-free. Comments on the draft update are after its date of issue, transitional arrangements due by 25 February 2022. Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Matt Strauch, Melbourne Michelle Tremain, Perth Adrian Abbott, Sydney Indirect Tax Leader Partner Partner +61 (3) 8603 6952 +61 (8) 9238 3403 +61 (2) 8266 5140 matthew.strauch@pwc.com michelle.tremain@pwc.com adrian.abbott@pwc.com Jeff Pfaff, Brisbane Brady Dever, Sydney Mark Simpson, Sydney Partner Partner Partner +61 (7) 3257 8729 +61 (2) 8266 3467 +61 (2) 8266 2654 jeff.pfaff@pwc.com brady.dever@pwc.com mark.simpson@pwc.com Suzanne Kneen, Melbourne Shagun Thakur, Perth Partner Partner +61 (3) 8603 0165 +61 (8) 9238 3059 suzanne.kneen@pwc.com shagun.thakur@pwc.com Personal Tax Update AAT residency decisions Australia to visit them as often as he could, he did not have a regular place of residence The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has overseas, he maintained a business and vehicle considered the following in which the tax residency in Australia and he maintained Medicare and of the taxpayer was considered: medical insurance in Australia. Sanderson v Federal Commissioner of Taxation Oberg v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2021] AATA 4305 – the Tribunal found that the [2021] AATA 4606 – the AAT concluded that the taxpayer was a tax resident of Australia despite taxpayer was a resident of Australia while being in Australia for only 83 days. The taxpayer employed by a mining company and living owned a business designing and constructing abroad. The AAT’s decision was based on a theme parks in Asia and the Middle East and number of factors including the temporary nature spent much of the year overseas. The AAT of the taxpayer’s accommodation while concluded the taxpayer was resident in Australia overseas, the sharing of a vehicle with other on the basis that he owned a home in Australia employees, his housing and visa status which where his wife and child resided, he returned to were subject to his employment, the fact that his January 2022 PwC 8
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update wife and child primarily continued to reside in Discretionary trust distribution Australia, the use of his Australian home as the address for his employment contracts, his return and reimbursement agreements to Australia for significant events and continuing The Federal Court has found in favour of the to maintain Australian bank accounts. taxpayer in Guardian AIT Pty Ltd ATF Australian Investment Trust v Commissioner of Taxation [2021] ATO’s views on residency and FCA 1619, the first case in more than a decade to backpackers consider the meaning of “reimbursement The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has released agreement” in section 100A of the Income Tax its decision impact statement on the decision of the Assessment Act 1936. The case broadly involved a High Court in Addy v Federal Commissioner of situation where a private company (whose sole Taxation [2021] HCA 34. In this case, the High shareholder was a discretionary trust) was Court considered that the tax rates applicable to established to receive the benefit of the working holiday makers, known as the ‘backpacker discretionary trust’s income. The corporate tax’, contravened the non-discrimination article in beneficiary subsequently paid franked dividends to the double tax agreement between Australia and the the trust to discharge the unpaid present United Kingdom (UK). The ATO considers that the entitlement. The Federal Court held that there was decision is relevant only to working holiday visa no relevant “reimbursement agreement” to trigger holders that are a national of Chile, Finland, the application of section 100A. Germany, Israel, Japan, Norway, Turkey and the UK The Commissioner also argued in the alternative as Australia’s double tax agreements with these that the general anti-avoidance provisions (Part IVA countries contain the type of clause that was of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936) applied to considered by the High Court. The ATO anticipates the “scheme”, on the basis that the dominant that most working holiday makers would not purpose of a scheme was to derive a tax benefit. ordinarily be a tax resident of Australia on the basis This argument also failed, with the judge finding that they are likely to be in Australia for a holiday. there was no tax benefit, and even if there was, an If a taxpayer wishes to contend that they are a analysis of the relevant factors would lead to a resident under the residency tests, the conclusion that the dominant purpose of the scheme Commissioner will expect an explanation as to why was risk minimisation and wealth accumulation. they consider that they are a resident and may ask Whilst this case provides some guidance on the for supporting evidence (whether or not the taxpayer application of section 100A, it is important to note self-assessed as a resident or a non-resident). that the outcome is very fact specific, and it is not The Commissioner will consider appropriate yet known if the Commissioner will appeal this compliance strategies to ensure that working holiday decision to the Full Federal Court. The ATO is maker visa holders are not self-assessing as expected to release proposed guidance on residents when a consideration of the facts and section 100A in February 2022. For further insights circumstances would show that they are not resident. into this decision, refer to our summary. Comments on the decision impact statement are due by 11 February 2022. Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Martina Crowley, Melbourne Glen Frost, Sydney Amy Etherton, Newcastle Partner Partner Partner +61 (3) 8603 1450 +61 (2) 8266 2266 +61 (2) 4925 1175 martina.crowley@pwc.com glen.frost@pwc.com amy.etherton@pwc.com Samantha Vidler, Brisbane Matt Gurner, Perth Alistair Hutson, Adelaide Partner Partner Partner +61 (7) 3257 8813 +61 (8) 9238 3458 +61 (8) 8218 7467 samantha.vidler@pwc.com matthew.gurner@pwc.com alistair.hutson@pwc.com January 2022 PwC 9
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update State Taxes Update Victorian windfall gains tax and until 31 December 2021 to nominate a designated beneficiary. If a designated beneficiary was not build to rent concessions now law nominated for a discretionary trust, or if the notice The Windfall Gains Tax and State Taxation and of designated beneficiary was submitted after Other Acts Further Amendment Bill 2021 (Vic) is 31 December 2021, SA land tax will be assessed now law. This legislation introduces a windfall gains against the trust held land at the trust land tax rates. tax in Victoria that is designed to capture uplifts in value above AUD 100,000 resulting from rezoning NSW – Revised duty thresholds and measures to provide land tax and absentee Revenue New South Wales (NSW) has issued a owner surcharge concessions for eligible build-to- notice with transfer duty thresholds and base rent developments. amounts applicable to transactions after The legislation also contains other tax-related 1 February 2022 that are subject to duty. The amendments to: notice was published to correct errors in thresholds and base amounts published in a previous notice extend the motor vehicle duty exemption for that would result in less duty being payable. vehicles that are specially converted for The thresholds and base amounts in the previous wheelchair access notice will apply to transactions that have already provide a point of consumption framework for incurred a duty liability, or incur a liability before keno tax 1 February 2022, duty, if not already assessed. require land to be occupied exclusively for NSW – land tax rulings on low charitable purposes in order for charities to be eligible for a land tax exemption cost accommodation and remove the land tax exemption for non-racing boarding houses clubs from private gender-exclusive and gender Revenue NSW has issued the following land restrictive clubs; and tax rulings: provide tax offsets for emergency relief LT 111 which outlines the approved guidelines measures. for the 2022 land tax year for landowners to ACT circular on landholder duty claim an exemption or reduction in taxable land value in respect of boarding houses, and The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Revenue Office has issued Revenue Circular LHD002 LT 112 which sets out the approved guidelines which identifies how landholder duty in the ACT is for the 2022 land tax year for landowners to calculated, including how relevant acquisitions claim an exemption or reduction in taxable land are valued. The circular, which is effective from value in respect of low cost accommodation 2 December 2021, confirms that duty is only situated near the Sydney central payable once an acquisition results in ownership of business district. 50 per cent or more of a landholder and the method Queensland land tax changes of calculating landholder duty depends on whether there was a single acquisition or multiple The Queensland Government, as part of its 2021-22 acquisitions in the three-year period before the Mid-Year Fiscal and Economic Review, has relevant acquisition. announced that additional land tax will be payable on the taxable Queensland landholdings of entities SA land tax – designated that own land in multiple jurisdictions. The proposed beneficiaries of discretionary amendments will amend current land tax rules to account for the value of land held interstate in trusts determining the taxpayer’s QLD land tax liability. Revenue South Australia (SA) has published details The timing of commencement of this measure will on how to nominate a designated beneficiary of a be subject to the passage of appropriate legislative discretionary trust to limit exposure to surcharge amendments. land tax rates. Trustees of discretionary trusts had January 2022 PwC 10
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Rachael Cullen, Sydney Barry Diamond, Melbourne Stefan DeBellis, Brisbane Partner Partner Partner +61 (4) 0947 0495 +61 (3) 8603 1118 +61 (7) 3257 8781 rachael.cullen@pwc.com barry.diamond@pwc.com stefan.debellis@pwc.com Cherie Mulyono, Sydney Matthew Sealey Jess Fantin, Brisbane Partner Partner Partner +61 (2) 8266 1055 +61 (4) 0068 4803 +61 (7) 3257 5501 cherie.mulyono@pwc.com matthew.sealey@pwc.com jess.fantin@pwc.com Rachael Munro, Perth Partner +61 (8) 9238 3001 rachael.munro@pwc.com Superannuation Update Draft guidance on exclusion of such as financial hardship or distress or events that occurred after the benefit was received. super benefits from assessable Comments on the draft practice statement and income taxation determination are due by 4 February 2022. Generally, a superannuation benefit received by an individual is taxed concessionally. However, a Treatment of veterans’s invalidity superannuation benefit received by an individual pensions to be changed from a complying superannuation fund otherwise The Government has announced that it will amend than in accordance with relevant superannuation the tax treatment of superannuation benefits that regulations is included in their assessable income commenced on or after 20 September 2007 and under Division 304 of the Income Tax Assessment were affected by the Full Federal Court decision in Act 1997 and assessed according to the individual’s Commissioner of Taxation v Douglas [2020] FCAFC marginal tax rates. This is however subject to the 220 so that they are taxed as superannuation income exercise of the Commissioner’s discretion that it stream benefits, rather than as lump sums. A new would be unreasonable to include the non refundable tax offset will apply to recipients of superannuation benefit in the individual’s income, invalidity pensions paid from the impacted schemes, having regard to the nature of the fund the but will operate in a manner that ensures that superannuation benefit was paid from. veterans who would be better off in a particular The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has issued income year if the invalidity pension were still treated draft taxation determination TD 2021/D6 that as lump sums would retain that tax benefit. clarifies the tax treatment when the Commissioner Although the proposed changes will apply exercises his discretion. In particular, the draft retrospectively, in the interim, the ATO’s legislative determination considers how Division 304 interacts instrument MS 2022/1 continues with an alternative with the other Divisions of the tax law which set out method for calculating the tax-free and taxable the relevant tax rules for amounts paid as components of superannuation benefits paid under superannuation member benefits or superannuation defence force invalidity pensions during the 2021-22 death benefits. financial year. The ATO has also issued draft law administration practice statement PS LA 2021/D3 that sets out the Regulations to allow ATO to pay circumstances where the Commissioner will amounts to KiwiSaver accounts exercise his discretion to exclude a superannuation The Treasury Laws Amendment (KiwiSaver benefit from an individual’s assessable income Scheme) Regulations 2021 prescribe certain criteria when paid in breach of legislative requirements. that must be satisfied for the ATO to pay an amount Discretion is more likely to be exercised where the to a KiwiSaver scheme provider. The regulations circumstances were outside of the individual’s support amendments to superannuation legislation control, which is more likely to be the case with allowing individuals to direct the ATO to pay regulated funds that are managed at arm’s length. unclaimed superannuation amounts to a KiwiSaver The PS LA also lists out factors that should have scheme under the Trans-Tasman Retirement little or no weight in the Commissioner’s decision, Savings Portability scheme which allows Australians January 2022 PwC 11
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update and New Zealanders to transfer their retirement time for the notice to be given or to disregard the savings between Australia and New Zealand. notice requirement despite the taxpayer’s claims of hardship. Division 293 tax: No discretion to disregard lump sum payout Assets found not to be held by The Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) has held SMSF that there is no discretion for the ATO to alter, The Federal Court has held in Frigger v Trenfield reduce, remove, disregard or reallocate (No 10) [2021] FCA 1500 that certain assets were superannuation contributions to a different financial not assets held by a self-managed superannuation year for purposes of applying the Division 293 fund (SMSF) and were therefore divisible amongst superannuation contributions tax. In KXCS v the creditors of the taxpayers as undischarged Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2021] AATA bankrupts. In the facts of this case, the assets were 4498, the taxpayer was made redundant in the held in the name of only one of the trustees and second last month of the financial year and received were not clearly identified as assets of the SMSF as a large redundancy payment and payouts for distinct from personal assets, including by being accrued annual leave and long service leave which legally recorded as owned by the SMSF. increased his income and superannuation contributions for the 2017-18 financial year to MySuper and Choice heatmaps $257,546, which exceeded the Division 293 published earnings threshold of $250,000. The taxpayer The Australian Prudential Regulation Authority argued that this outcome was unfair and the ATO (APRA) has published the annual statistics for should exercise a discretion to excuse him from the individual superannuation funds and products for additional tax. The AAT found that there is no 2021. A number of statistics are reported including discretion within Division 293 to disregard any fund performance, fees and profile and structure. amount of leave payout from the amount of the taxpayer’s 2017-18 income. APRA has also published the Choice Heatmap (on products actively chosen by members) and Division 293 tax: Crown MySuper Heatmap, supported by an insights paper Prosecutor a constitutionally and technical papers. The Choice Heatmap provides information on investment returns, fees protected office and costs and sustainability of member outcomes. The AAT has found that a Victorian Senior Crown It has been reported that 60 per cent of the Choice Prosecutor was a constitutionally protected higher investment options considered gave returns belows level office holder, holding a position equivalent to APRA’s benchmark over seven years and the head of a government department, performance varied significantly more than MySuper instrumentality or agency and accordingly was not products. In respect of MySuper products, 31 of 69 subject to Division 293 superannuation contributions delivered returns belows APRA’s benchmarks and tax. The decision in Rogers v Federal Commissioner twenty-two MySuper products had closed since the of Taxation [2021] AATA 4478 was made on the last Heatmap was published. basis that a Crown Prosecutor enjoyed significant autonomy to conduct proceedings in the name of Superannuation Data the Director of Public Prosecutions and was Transformation FAQs effectively stepping into the shoes of the Director when conducting proceedings. As a result, the APRA has also published additional frequently taxpayer was exempt from Division 293 tax imposed asked questions (FAQs) for registrable on superannuation contributions. superannuation entities (RSE) on the Superannuation Data Transformation Phase. No deduction for personal super The FAQs clarify reporting issues raised by contributions RSE licensees. The AAT has held in Khanna v Federal Remake of the sunsetting super Commissioner of Taxation [2022] AATA 33 that a co-contribution regulations taxpayer was not able to claim a deduction for personal superannuation contributions on the basis Federal Treasury has released for comment draft that the required notice to his superannuation fund Superannuation (Government Co-contribution for was not lodged on or before the date of the relevant Low Income Earners) Regulations 2022 that will income tax return for the income year in which the remake the Superannuation (Government contribution was made. The AAT found that there Co-contribution for Low Income Earners) was no discretion in the legislation to extend the Regulations 2004 which sunset on 1 April 2022. January 2022 PwC 12
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update The proposed new regulations will simplify and Super splitting in WA restructure the previous regulations while also omitting certain redundant provisions. The The Superannuation Legislation Amendment regulations also include changes to the definition of (Western Australia De Facto Superannuation “eligible account” excluding those that only provide Splitting) Regulations 2021 ensure separating de terminal medical condition benefits and to clarify facto couples in Western Australia (WA) receive a where a government co-contribution should be fair split of superannuation property in separation directed in certain circumstances. Comments on the proceedings. The regulations were enacted draft regulations were due by 14 January 2022. pursuant to a referral of power from Western Australia to the Commonwealth in respect of superannuation matters in family law proceedings in Western Australia. Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Naree Brooks, Melbourne Marco Feltrin, Melbourne Abhi Aggarwal, Brisbane Partner Partner Partner + 61 (3) 8603 1200 + 61 (3) 8603 6796 + 61 (7) 3257 5193 naree.brooks@pwc.com marco.feltrin@pwc.com abhi.aggarwal@pwc.com Alice Kase, Sydney Ken Woo, Sydney Allister Sime, Melbourne Partner Partner Director + 61 (2) 8266 5506 + 61 (2) 8266 2948 +61 (3) 8603 1195 alice.kase@pwc.com ken.woo@pwc.com allister.sime@pwc.com Sharyn Frawley Director +61 (3) 8603 1217 sharyn.frawley@pwc.com Legislative Update Federal Parliament resumes for the 2022 calendar Customs Amendment (Controlled Trials) Bill year on 8 February 2022. Since our last update, the 2021, introduced into the House of following Bills have been introduced into Parliament: Representatives on 25 November 2021, is part of Corporate Collective Investment Vehicle the Government’s Simplified Trade System Framework and Other Measures Bill 2021, agenda announced in the 2020-21 Budget. The introduced into the House of Representatives on Bill establishes a new regulatory framework to 25 November 2021, which proposes to: facilitate proof-of-concept trials of new technology, business models and regulatory – establish the tax and regulatory framework for approaches with appropriate regulatory the corporate collective investment vehicles oversight. – extend the loss carry back measure for an The following legislation has received Royal Assent additional year to 30 June 2023 and is now law: – list additional deductible gift recipients Treasury Laws Amendment (2021 Measures No 5) Act 2021 that gives effect to reforms to the – make minor and technical amendments to Australian screen production incentives and treasury laws makes minor and technical amendments to – insert a new covenant requiring registrable various tax and superannuation measures. superannuation entities to develop a Territories Stolen Generations Redress Scheme retirement income strategy for beneficiaries (Consequential Amendments) Act 2021 that, approach retirement, and amongst other things, ensures no tax is payable – remove the cessation of employment as a on payments made under the Territories Stolen taxing point for employee share scheme Generations Redress Scheme. interests. January 2022 PwC 13
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update The following Commonwealth revenue measures referred to in section 4 of the Military were registered as a legislative instrument since our Superannuation and Benefits Act 1991 that last update: specifies an alternative method for calculating Treasury Laws Amendment (Miscellaneous the tax-free and taxable components of Amendments) Rules 2021 which allows the superannuation benefits paid under defence Australian Taxation Office (ATO) to make force invalidity pensions during the 2021-22 JobKeeper payments after the previous financial year. 31 March 2022 cutoff date when giving effect to Treasury Laws Amendment (Miscellaneous and an objection decision. Technical Amendments No. 2) Regulations 2021 Income Tax Assessment (Developing Country which amend various Treasury portfolio Relief Funds) Declaration 2021 that consolidates regulations for minor and technical changes, previous developing relief fund declarations into including amendments to the Superannuation a single instrument and declares four (Unclaimed Money and Lost Members) additional public funds to be developing Regulations 2019 to ensure the recovery of country relief funds. overpayment in Part 4B of the Superannuation (Unclaimed Money and Lost Members) Act 1999 Treasury Laws Amendment (KiwiSaver Scheme) operates properly and consistent with the other Regulations 2021 to prescribe further matters recovery of overpayment provisions in that Act. that must be satisfied for the ATO to pay an amount to a KiwiSaver scheme provider. Superannuation Legislation Amendment (Western Australia De Facto Superannuation Taxation Administration — Single Touch Payroll Splitting) Regulations 2021 that ensures that any — 2021–22 and 2022–23 years Withholding provisions in regulations which deal with Payer Number Exemption 2021 to exempt superannuation splitting under the Family Law entities with a withholding payer number and no Act 1975 also apply to superannuation splits Australian Business Number from reporting made by de facto couples in Western Australia. under single touch payroll for the 2021-22 and 2022-23 income years. Customs Tariff Amendment (2022 Harmonized System Changes and Other Measures) Income Tax: Alternative method for calculating Regulations 2021 and Customs Amendment the tax free component and taxable component (2022 Harmonized System Changes and Other of a superannuation benefit paid during the Measures) Regulations 2021 that update tariff 2021-22 financial year for recipients of certain classification headings and subheadings to pensions under the Defence Force Retirement implement the 2022 Harmonized System (refer and Death Benefits Act 1973 and the Trust Deed to Global tax section for further details). Let’s talk For a deeper discussion of how these issues might affect your business, please contact: Chris Morris, Sydney Michael Bona, Brisbane Warren Dick, Sydney Australian Tax Leader Global Tax Leader Tax Reporting & Strategy Leader +61 (2) 8266 3040 +61 (7) 3257 5015 +61 (2) 8266 2935 chris.morris@pwc.com michael.bona@pwc.com warren.dick@pwc.com Sarah Hickey, Sydney James O’Reilly, Brisbane Jason Karametos, Melbourne Sydney Tax Market Leader Brisbane Tax Leader Industries Tax Leader +61 (2) 8266 1050 +61 (7) 3257 8057 +61 (3) 8603 6233 sarah.a.hickey@pwc.com james.oreilly@pwc.com jason.karametos@pwc.com Kirsten Arblaster, Melbourne Rob Bentley, Perth Alistair Hutson, Adelaide Melbourne Tax Leader Perth Tax Leader Partner +61 (3) 8603 6120 +61 (8) 9238 5202 +61 (8) 8218 7467 kirsten.arblaster@pwc.com robert.k.bentley@pwc.com alistair.hutson@pwc.com Liam Collins, Melbourne Financial Services Tax Leader +61 (3) 8603 3119 liam.collins@pwc.com January 2022 PwC 14
PwC’s Monthly Tax Update Other News ATO’s Next 5,000 findings report approach to determining if income earned by an individual professional practitioner is not The Australian Taxation Office (ATO) has released appropriately taxed and provides a risk assessment its findings report containing observations and framework allowing taxpayers to self-assess their insights into the findings of the privately owned and risk. The ATO is primarily concerned with wealthy groups Next 5,000 program up to arrangements where profits are allocated in a way 5 November 2021. The ATO’s key observations of that does not have a genuine commercial basis and the private groups reviewed to date include: contains high risk features such as non-arm’s length a high percentage have governance processes financing arrangements or multiple classes of and procedures, but most are not documented shares and units held by non-equity holders. documentation of the tax return preparation, PCG 2021/4 will apply from 1 July 2022. review process and identification of material Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal transactions helps groups to recognise tax risk and avoid errors, and Update private groups that seek tax advice for material The Treasurer released the Mid-Year Economic & risks and issues are more likely to make correct Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) on 16 December 2021. disclosures and adopt correct tax treatments. Whilst the majority of the tax and superannuation measures contained in MYEFO had been previously Common tax issues encountered include loans and announced, there were some new measures and/or payments to shareholders and associates not changes to previously announced measures complying with Division 7A of the Income Tax including: Assessment Act 1997 (deemed dividends and private companies), lack of record keeping and an income tax exemption for the International incorrect use of prior year losses, non-arm’s length Federation of Association Football (FIFA) and its transactions involving family or related parties, and Australian subsidiary for the FIFA 2023 Women’s treatment of property sales on capital account. World Cup to be held in Australia and New Zealand in 2023 For further information, refer to PwC’s Next 5,000 website and summary of the ATO’s findings report. the establishment of a deductible gift recipient (DGR) general category to enable funds that Temporary full expensing ruling support pastoral care and analogous wellbeing finalised services delivered to students in Australian primary and secondary schools to access The ATO has finalised Law Companion Ruling LCR DGR status 2021/3 on temporary full expensing. The final ruling from 1 July 2021 to 30 June 2030, individuals will contains additional guidance on the operation of be allowed to re-contribute amounts withdrawn temporary full expensing, based on feedback as part of the COVID-19 early release of received on the draft ruling that was released for superannuation program as non-concessional consultation. contributions above and beyond the existing non- By way of reminder, the temporary full expensing concessional cap measure provides an optional temporary deduction the Digital Games Tax Offset, which is proposed for the full cost of certain depreciating assets to be available from 1 July 2022, will be acquired by taxpayers with aggregated turnover of expanded to include qualifying expenditure on up to AUD 5 billion. LCR 2021/3 provides guidance eligible games following their public release, and on a number of concepts relevant to this measure, including in relation to eligible entities and eligible additional funding for the ATO to: assets, interaction with other provisions such as tax – continue its personal income taxation and consolidation and the research and development shadow economy compliance programs (now (R&D) tax offset, and integrity issues. funded until 30 June 2023), and for an independent review of the ATO’s ongoing Allocation of professional firm resourcing requirements profits guidance – develop a service that supports The ATO has finalised Practical Compliance superannuation funds to transfer members’ Guideline PCG 2021/4 which deals with the superannuation balances to the ATO for allocation of profits by professional services firms reunification with members’ eligible active (PCG 2021/4). PCG 2021/4 outlines the ATO’s accounts identified via the service January 2022 PwC 15
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