Optus Small Sided Football - Handbook EffEctivE from 1 January 2013
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Optus Small Sided Football Handbook Effective from 1 January 2013
CONTENTS Forward 2 Introduction 3 What is Optus Small Sided Football? 4 Rationale for introducing Optus Small Sided Football throughout Australia 6 FFA Player Participation Pathway 7 Grassroots Football Education 8 Statistical evidence of the benefits of Optus Small Sided Football 9 Optus Small Sided Football formats 10 Laws of Optus Small Sided Football 11 How to organise Optus Small Sided Football 18 Codes of conduct: Creating the right environment for young players 24 Frequently asked questions 26 Contacts 27
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |2
Foreword
On behalf of the board and management of The National Curriculum’s aim is to provide with Member Federations, zones, associations
Football Federation Australia (FFA), I would like guidance and an integrated and consistent and clubs to continue the roll-out of Optus
to thank the entire football community for the approach to the development of players and Small Sided Football and recognise and
continued support and commitment to Optus coaches. Since its initial implementation, Optus appreciate the hard work of many staff and
Small Sided Football. Small Sided Football has grown substantially, volunteers within grass roots football in this
with Qantas Socceroos and Westfield Matildas country.
FFA is delighted with its involvement with members taking active roles as Ambassadors
Optus Small Sided Football and looks forward for the program.
to the increased opportunities this relationship
will provide to players and clubs throughout To suitably address the needs of our young
Australia. players - clubs, coaches, volunteers and
parents need to continue to ensure Optus
Following the release of FFA’s National Small Sided Football is a positive and enjoyable
Curriculum in 2009 the development has experience; one that allows all children to
already proved beneficial with around 185,000 develop into the best players they can be. Ben Buckley
children set to participate in Optus Small Sided Chief Executive Officer Football
Football around the country in 2013. FFA remains committed to working together Federation Australia
Message from Lucas Neill: Optus Football Ambassador
Hi – I’m Lucas Neill, Australian Captain and plenty of exercise. Having simplified the rules, and the chance to demonstrate and bench
Optus Football Ambassador. children enjoy a much faster game that focuses at local league and international matches,
on maximum participation and enjoyment for all 2013 promises to be a big year for Australian
The past 12 months have been busy for levels of ability. grassroots football.
Australian football, as we kick off our
campaign towards 2014. It’s an exciting Last year we also had great success with the For more information on Optus Small Sided
time to be a part of the world game, and second Optus Small Sided Football Awards Football and how you
locally, I am proud to have continued working program. We received hundreds of great and your team can
with Optus to further develop football at a entries and gave away more equipment packs, get involved, please
grassroots level during this period. $10,000 to the winning team and plenty of visit www.optus.com.au
opportunities throughout the year for Small /football.
As an ambassador for the game, it has been Sided Football kids.
great to continue building The Optus Small Best of luck for the
Sided Football program, now in it’s fourth In 2013, in partnership with Optus, I am season ahead.
year. Growing year-on-year, The Optus Small committed to continuing to recognise and
Sided Football program has encouraged reward Small Sided Football players all over
many kids that play the game to develop the country. With opportunities to meet and
their skills whilst having fun and getting train with high profile Australian football players
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |3
Introduction
Optus Small Sided Football was introduced skills and discover the game in a ‘fun’ and and provide a more logical pathway leading up to
into Australia in 2007 and since that time we acquiescent environment for children. Years ago playing 11 v 11.
have seen a paradigm shift in the way that we the late great Australian football legend Johnny
approach junior football in this country. Although Warren said after a visit to Brazil where he saw This is all done for the development of the game
at first people were reluctant to change a young children play small sided football: “I began and sake of the children. Children love Optus
system that had been instilled for many years, to appreciate that all the amazing skills of the Small Sided Football. It’s their game, we as adults
the benefits of junior footballers playing the senior Brazilian players come from having played only need to create a stimulating and entertaining
modified version of our sport are now being fully games in a restricted area as a young kid. As environment for them.
appreciated by both the players and their parents. a kid they were forced to work out their own Let’s all do that and enjoy Optus Small Sided
solutions to the problems they faced on the small Football with them.
My predecessor and countryman Robert Baan pitch and I think that’s why the Brazilians often
gave a very good explanation by saying that as produce such amazing and unpredictable football
a parent you do not just throw your child in the players in terms of their skill level.”
ocean in order to teach them to swim. Therefore
you also do not put a young child on the big Football is developing rapidly in Australia. It is
football pitch to learn to play football. only a matter of time before it will be the biggest
sport as it already is almost everywhere else in
The distances they have to cover are far too large the world.
and, more importantly, the number of touches
on the ball too few to develop the necessary As we embark on our seventh year employing the
skills and discover the fun of playing the world’s values of the Optus Small Sided Football concept, Han Berger
biggest and most popular sport. and following the successful implementation of National Technical Director
the adjustments made to the program in 2011, Football Federation Australia
In the big European and South American football we look forward to the development of our young
nations nobody needs to be convinced anymore players and the acceleration of the technical
that small sided football is the most logical and development of children who start to play football
scientifically proven way to develop the basic
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |4
What is Optus Small Sided Football?
Optus Small Sided Football is a modified more by children and is a more effective • O
ver 97% of parents stated their child
form of 11-a-side football, designed to meet method of improving their technical ability as enjoyed playing Optus Small Sided Football
the needs of players between the under 6 footballers (compared to 11-a-side football). in 2011.
and 11 age groups, who have very different
developmental characteristics and needs to In 2013, over 185,000 children across all • O
ver 97% of parents believed their child is
adult players. The philosophy of Optus Small Member Federations in varying age groups actively participating in Optus Small Sided
Sided Football focuses on enjoyment and played the nationally consistent Optus Small Football games.
freedom of expression with limited emphasis Sided Football formats. The feedback received
from the Optus Small Sided Football community • 9 2% of parents believe their child’s playing
on coaching per se, particularly in the
is extremely positive, with the majority of the ability and technique has improved during
formative years of a player’s development.
public identifying vast improvements in players the 2011 Optus Small Sided Football
Almost without exception, young players in ability. season.
the major footballing nations of the world are
The results from the 2011 Optus Small Sided • 9 7% of parents stated they enjoyed
introduced to the game through Small Sided
Football survey demonstrated the following: watching Optus Small Sided Football.
Football. Brazil, France, England, Scotland,
Ireland, The Netherlands, Germany, Japan, USA • O
ver 71% of parents were offered
• 9 2% of parents believe their child’s club
and Korea all introduce their young players to appropriate information and education
and coach emphasized and focused mainly
the game using this approach. Considerable relating to the implementation of Optus
on the players development, enjoyment and
research has been conducted into the benefits Small Sided Football within their club.
philosophy of Optus Small Sided Football,
of Small Sided Football in many of these
rather than putting the emphasis playing
countries. Overwhelmingly, the findings have
Optus Small Sided Football, rather than
shown that Small Sided Football is enjoyed
putting the emphasis on winning.
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Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |5
What is Optus Small Sided Football?
It is very important that FFA, Member implemented the Optus Small Sided formats,
Federations, zones, associations and clubs and sincerely thanks all connected for their
continue to educate, provide and distribute contribution to grassroots development.
resources to assist with the implementation
of Optus Small Sided Football. Most beneficial Vital to the future growth of Optus Small Sided
to the education process has been the use of Football, is the ability for associations, zones
practical Small Sided Football demonstrations and clubs to introduce and implement female
at zone, association and club level that allow only teams and opportunities to participate in
parents to see the benefits of Small Sided football.
Football and certainly compliment the parent
flyers and DVD educational resources.
FFA and Member Federations need to continue
to provide leadership, support and assistance
to zones, associations and clubs in regards the
implementation of Optus Small Sided Football,
particularly in the areas of resources, facilities
and equipment.
In all territories and almost in all states, the roll
out of Optus Small Sided Football is completed.
FFA congratulates those Member Federations,
associations, zones and clubs who have fully
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Rationale for introducing Optus Small Sided Football throughout Australia
One of the key building blocks of the FFA the context of the FFA National Curriculum has need to be “coached”, and by extension,
National Curriculum is the need to introduce as an underlying motivation – the development these adults don’t need to have a great
Optus Small Sided Football as the standard of players with better technical skills – there understanding of the game to be able to
playing format for children under the age of 11 are certainly many other associated benefits carry out this role effectively, finding parents
in Australia. The justification for taking such an that will be realised as a direct result of their to volunteer for these roles should become
approach is based on the following criteria: inception, as follows: significantly easier.
• 1 1-a-side football is in essence an adult • F irst and foremost, Optus Small Sided • O
ptus Small Sided Football also makes
game devised by and for adults to play Football is truly aimed at young people of more efficient use of facilities, given there
all abilities, not simply the more talented can be multiple games on one standard-size
• m
ore fun and individual enjoyment due players in each age group. field.
to smaller fields and simplified rules
• W
ith the emphasis on participation and Importantly, a significant amount of research has
• m
ore playing time, which maximises enjoyment, and an associated removal of been conducted in countries where Small Sided
individual participation and involvement the current emphasis on the importance of Football is prevalent (including Australia), which
winning, children are much more likely to overwhelmingly highlights benefits such as more
• far more repeated touches of the ball
enjoy their football playing experience, will touches, greater participation as well as more
by all players on the field
be keen to play more often and are less enjoyment for the children.
• more shots on goal likely to drop out of the game.
• m
ore involvement leads to greater • P arents who are new to the game are likely
improvement in fitness. to be more comfortable playing the role
of “game leader” or “supervisor” of teams
Whilst the recommendation for the playing Optus Small Sided Football. Given
implementation of Optus Small Sided Football in that children playing at this age do not
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
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FFA Player Participation Pathway
FFA Player Participation Pathway
AGE GROUP COMMUNITY FOOTBALL
PATHWAY
Open Association, Club and Zone leagues
35+
Senior Association, Club and Zone leagues
Under 16 - 35
Youth Association, Club and Zone leagues
Under 12 – Under 15
Junior Optus Small Sided Football
Under 8 – Under 11
Grassroots Optus Small Sided Football
Under 6 – Under 7
Please refer to the FFA National Curriculum for a complete ‘Talented Football Pathway’ for both male and female participants.
O P T U S S M A L L S I D E D F O O T B A L L H ANDBOOK
Optus Small Sided Football Handbook |8
Grassroots Football Education
Grassroots Football Education knowledge to conduct grassroots training will ensure limited stoppages whilst at the same
sessions. Complementing the course is a free time helping players understand the rules of the
Education is the key to the successful delivery coaching resource - Football for Kids. game and how they should behave on the field.
of Optus Small Sided Football throughout This valuable and informative resource for To find out more information, please contact
the country. FFA strongly suggests that all community football coaches of players aged your local Member Federation.
associations, zones and clubs introduce seven and under, is designed to make coaching
a dedicated ‘Optus Small Sided Football children’s teams easy and, most importantly,
Coordinator’ who channels all communication fun.
from their Member Federation to their extended
For further information about how to become
football families, and becomes the focal point
involved in one of these courses please contact
of delivering educational opportunities to help
your local Member Federation.
develop and improve grassroots football within
their club.
Game Leader and Instructing Referee
Grassroots Football Certificate Course
Designed to familiarize and educate individuals
To assist in the education and understanding on the Optus Small Sided Football ‘Laws of
of grassroots football development, FFA the Game’, FFA encourages associations,
recommends parents and extended family zones and clubs to conduct ‘Game Leader’
members participate in a free, three hour and ‘Instructing Referee’ courses for all
practical ‘Grassroots Football Certificate’ members of their respective football families.
course. Delivered through Member Federations Course participants will develop a greater
by appropriately trained and experienced understanding and appreciation for basic laws
individuals, all course candidates will be of Optus Small-Sided Football, as well as the
equipped with the necessary skills and confidence to supervise games in a way which
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Statistical evidence of the benefits of Small Sided Football
Studies of young footballers playing Small Other demonstrated benefits of Small • m
ore experience in all phases of the
Sided Football have proven the following Sided Football over the 11 v 11 game game. There is less hiding or dominant
when comparing 4 v 4, based on observational research are player “hogging” the ball. Every child has
7 v 7 and 11 v 11: as follows: to participate in all facets of the game,
• far more repeated touches of the ball attack and defend. The emphasis is on
• P layers touch the ball five times more in by all players player development
4 v 4 and 50% more in 7 v 7 than in • b etter success rate leads to improved quality
• m
ore touches throughout all areas of
11 v 11. of play, self-esteem and player retention
the pitch
• P layers attempted three times more 1 v 1s • the game is easier to understand
• m
ore passes attempted and in a
and two times more 1 v 1s in 7 v 7 than in
forward direction • freedom of expression –
11 v 11.
• m
ore attacking 1 v 1s, final third and no positions in early stages
• G
oals were scored an average of every 1.5
penalty area entries • less perceived stress on the player
minutes in 4 v 4, 3.6 minutes in 7 v 7 and 8
minutes in 11 v 11. • repeated decision-making experience • 8 0% of children believed that they touched
• the ball is in play far more often the ball more often in Small Sided Football
• T echnical skills performed by a goalkeeper
were between two and four times more in • r epeated experience of basic tactical • less perceived pressure from coaches
7 v 7 than in 11 v 11. situations and parents
• T he ball is out of play 8% of the match in • a ctive participation is directly related to • c hildren enjoyed the progressive and
4 v 4, 14% in 7 v 7 and 34% in 11 v 11. increased fitness and enjoyment sequential game formats.
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Optus Small Sided Football Formats
In 2009 Football Federation Australia (FFA) released the National With the release of the National Curriculum, combined with feedback
Curriculum. The National Curriculum was a key initiative put forward in from the football community including Member Federations, Associations,
the FFA National Football Development Plan released in November 2007. Zones and Clubs, the Optus Small Sided Football formats will continue to
be implemented this season and beyond.
The National Curriculum aims to provide national guidance and an
integrated and consistent approach to the development of players The Optus Small Sided Football formats for the 2013 season and beyond
and coaches throughout the country. are summarized below;
Playing Format Under 6 & 7 Under 8 & 9 Under 10 & 11
Numbers 4v4 7v7 9v9
¼ Full Size Pitch ½ Full Size Pitch
Length: 30m
Field Size Length: 40m - 50m Length: 60m - 70m
Width: 20m
Width: 30m - 40m Width: 40m - 50m
Field Markings Markers or line markings Markers or line markings Markers or line markings
Penalty Area Nil 5m depth x 12m width 5m depth x 12m width
Width: 1.5m – 2.0m Width: 2.5m - 3.0m Width: 4.5m - 5.0m
Goal Size
Height: 0.9m x 1.0m Height: 1.8m - 2.0m Height: 1.8m - 2.0m
Goal Type Goals, Poles or Markers Goals, Poles or Markers Goals, Poles or Markers
Ball Size Size 3 Size 3 Size 4
Goalkeeper No Yes Yes
Playing Time 2 x 15-20 minutes 2 x 20 minutes 2 x 25 minutes
Half Time Break 5 minutes 5 minutes 7.5 minutes
Referee Game Leader Instructing Referee Instructing Referee
Point’s Table & Finals No No No
The shaded areas in the above table represents flexible components for the Optus Small Sided Football formats, dependant on the needs of individual
associations, zones and clubs. These however, should remain consistent where possible.
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
The field of play
Dimensions Goal size
The field of play should be rectangular in shape. Sizes for each age The size of the goal should be:
group are as follows:
Under 6 & 7
Under 6 & 7 Width: 1.5m - 2.0m
Length: 30m Height: 0.9m - 1.0m
Width: 20m
Under 8 & 9
Under 8 & 9 Width: 2.5m - 3.0m
Length: 40m – 50m Height: 1.8m - 2.0m
Width: 30m – 40m
¼ full size pitch – when converting a full size pitch into Optus Small Under 10 & 11
Sided Football fields Width: 4.5m - 5.0m
Height: 1.8m - 2.0m
Under 10 & 11
Length: 60m – 70m Note: For the Under 8 and 9 age groups, it is recommended that clubs
Width: 40m – 50m that wish to and have the capacity to do so use 3m x 2m goals. Should a
½ full size pitch – when converting a full size pitch into Optus Small club not be able to do this in the first instance, the 5m x 2m goal is most
Sided Football fields acceptable for use on fields for the Under 8 and 9 age groups as well
as the Under 10 and 11 age groups. FFA understands that clubs may
Note: In the Under 11 age group, the final stage of development in have existing goals for the Under 8 – 11 age groups; however when they
the Optus Small Sided Football formats before players commence need to replace existing goals or are in a position to make a change they
11 v 11 football, it is recommended that where facilities and scheduling should move to the dimensions specified above.
allows, clubs set-up the field from penalty box to penalty box and adjust
the width of the field with use of markers to meet the maximum Goal type
specified width. It is preferable that pop up style or portable goals are used where
possible, however, the use of poles and markers as the goals particularly
Markings in the Under 6 to 9 age groups is also suitable.
Markers or painted line markings.
Penalty area
Under 6 & 7
No penalty area
Under 8 – 11
Rectangular – 5m depth x 12m width
The penalty area can be marked through the use of marked lines, flat or
soft markers or cones.
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
The ball Under 8 – 11
Goalkeeper
Under 6 – 9 The goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball anywhere in the penalty area. To
Size 3 restart play after a save or gathering the ball with their hands, the ball must
be thrown or rolled from the hands or played from the ground with their feet,
Under 10 & 11 within 6 seconds. The goalkeeper is not allowed to kick or drop kick the ball
Size 4 directly from their hands. Opponents must be at least 5m outside the penalty
area and cannot move inside the penalty area until the ball is in play. The ball is
in play once it moves out of the penalty area. An indirect free kick is awarded if
the goalkeeper touches the ball with their hands after it has been deliberately
The number of players kicked to them by a team-mate.
A key requirement for each team in the Optus Small Sided Football Under 10 & 11
formats is to play the correct number of players on the field i.e. 4v4, 7v7 The goalkeeper is allowed to handle the ball anywhere in the penalty area. To
or 9v9. To this end, in accommodating player illness and absence, FFA restart play after a save or gathering the ball with their hands, the ball must be
recommends the following squad sizes be implemented when selecting thrown or rolled from the hands or played from the ground with their feet, within
players for teams. 6 seconds. The goalkeeper is not allowed to kick or drop kick the ball directly
from their hands. Opponents must be at least 5m outside the penalty area and
Under 6 & 7
cannot move inside the penalty area until the ball is in play. The ball is in play
4 v 4 – no goalkeeper
once it moves out of the penalty area or when the goalkeeper places the ball on
Maximum of three substitutes who may rotate during the entire game.
the ground*. An indirect free kick is awarded if the goalkeeper touches the ball
The coach or parent is allowed to make the substitutions while the ball
with their hands after it has been deliberately kicked to them by a team-mate.
is in play, but must wait until the substituted player has left the field.
*Goalkeeper Progression
Under 8 & 9
The developmental progression of the game becoming “live” when the
7 v 7 – including goalkeeper
goalkeeper places the ball on the ground provides the necessary learning
Maximum of four substitutes who may rotate during the entire game. The
phase for players transitioning to the 11 v 11 format of football.
coach or parent is allowed to make the substitutions while the ball
is in play, but must wait until the substituted player has left the field.
Under 10 & 11 Duration of the game
9 v 9 – including goalkeeper
Maximum of four substitutes who may rotate during the entire game. The The duration of games may be flexible dependant on the implementation format
coach or parent is allowed to make the substitutions while the ball and number of substitutes per a team; i.e. in a hub setting or with maximum
is in play, but must wait until the substituted player has left the field. substitutes. As a guide, FFA recommends the following match durations..
Under 6 & 7
2 x 15-20 minutes (plus half-time break)
Goalkeeper
Under 8 & 9
Under 6 & 7 2 x 20 minutes (plus half-time break)
No goalkeeper
The game leader, coaches and managers should continually discourage Under 10 & 11
children from permanently standing in front of the goal. 2 x 25 minutes (plus half-time break)
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
Game Leader and Instructing Referee
Under 6 & 7
• L et the game flow and give instruction to all players on the run
Game Leader
where you can.
Under 8 – 11 • Praise and encourage both teams.
Instructing Referee • B e enthusiastic and approachable.
• Most Importantly - Remember the children are learning the
Game Leader game – be flexible and patient.
The main role of the game leader is to keep the game moving fluently,
limit stoppages and assist players with all match re-starts. Most Instructing Referee
importantly, they must make every effort to create an environment The main role of the instructing referee is to control the game to ensure
that ensures that all players have fun and have maximum involvement. it is played fluently and instruct and correct the players (with minimal
The children are learning the game at this level, be flexible and patient. blowing of the whistle) on how to behave and what the rules are, e.g.
The game leader can be a club official, parent, older child or player or what a foul is, what a free kick is and how to throw in etc... Should these
beginning referee and should always be enthusiastic and approachable. indiscretions happen a second time the referee should stop the game
and apply the appropriate action and decisions. This person can be a club
The Game Leader should;
official, capable parent, older child or player, beginning or official referee
• Encourage all children to have fun and different children to take re-starts. from the federation or association.
• Ensure the correct number of players are on the field. The Instructing Referee should;
• Discourage players from permanently over-guarding the goal.
• Encourage all children to have fun and different children to take re-starts.
• U se a “Ready, Set, Go” prompt to encourage quick decisions when
restarting play. • Ensure the correct numbers of players are on the field
• E ncourage children to dribble or pass ball into play from all re-starts • D
iscourage players from permanently standing in blatant offside
rather than a big kick. positions and instruct them to move into onside positions. In the
Under 10 & 11 age groups children should be made aware of
• Ensure opposing team is back to the half way line, for all goal line restarts.
the offside rule during training and be encouraged to adopt this
• E nsure team officials and parents create a safe, enjoyable and philosophy during the game at all times.
positive playing environment for the children and do not emphasise
• L et the game flow and give instruction to all players on the run
winning or losing.
where you can
• E ncourage children to be involved in all aspects of the game,
• Instruct players in the first instance before blowing the whistle
attacking and defending.
where possible
• R emember most acts of handball or fouls and misconduct at this
• E nsure team officials and parents create a safe, enjoyable and positive
level are caused by a lack of coordination, with no intent. If you
playing environment for the children and do not emphasise winning or losing
decide a deliberate or serious act of handball or foul and misconduct
has occurred, explain to the child they have done the wrong thing • Be enthusiastic, consistent and approachable
and that they should not do this again.
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
The start of play and restart after a goal Method of scoring
Under 6 - 11 Ball crossing the goal line after touching A goal is scored when the whole of the
the defending team last ball passes over the goal line, between the
Pass forward to a team mate from the middle goalposts and under the crossbar. When goal
Under 6 & 7
of the half way line. All players must be in their posts are not available and cones are used for
There is no corner kick. Regardless of which
own half of the field of play. Opponents must be goals, a goal is scored when the ball passes
team touched the ball last, a player from the
at least 5m away from the ball until it is in play. between the cones without touching them,
team whose goal line the ball has crossed will
The ball must touch a team mate before a goal below shoulder height of the player.
place the ball anywhere along the goal line and
can be scored.
pass or dribble the ball into play. Opponents
must retreat to the half way line and can move
Ball in and out of play Offside
once the ball is in play. The ball must touch a
The ball is out of play when it has wholly team mate before a goal can be scored.
crossed the goal line or the touch line on the Under 6 – 11
ground or in the air, or when play has been Under 8 - 11 No offside
stopped by the game leader or instructing Corner kick. A player from the attacking team
referee. places the ball inside the corner arc nearest Note: In the Under 8 – 11 age groups,
to the point where the ball crossed the line. team coaches and managers should strongly
Ball crossing the touch line Opponents must be at least 5m away from the discourage children from permanently and/
ball until it is in play. The ball is in play when or persistently standing in blatant offside
Under 6 & 7
it is kicked and moves. A goal may be scored positions. In the Under 10 & 11 age groups
There is no throw in. A player from the opposing
directly from a corner kick. children should be made aware of
team to the player that touched the ball last
the offside rule during training
before crossing the touch line will place the ball
Ball crossing the goal line after touching and be encouraged to adopt
on the touch line and pass or dribble the ball
the attacking team last this philosophy during the
into play. Opponents must be at least 5m away
game at all times. Instructing
from the ball until it is in play. The ball must Under 6 & 7
referees should direct players
touch a team mate before a goal can be scored. Regardless of which team touched the ball last, a
permanently and/or persistently
player from the team whose goal line the ball has
Under 8 - 11 standing in blatant offside
crossed will place the ball anywhere along the
Throw-in: Player faces the field of play, has part positions to move into onside
goal line and pass or dribble the ball into play.
of each foot on the ground either on or behind positions.
Opponents must retreat to the half way line and
the touch line, uses both hands and delivers can move once the ball is in play. The ball must
the ball from behind and over their head. The touch a team mate before a goal can be scored.
thrower must not touch the ball again until it
has touched another player. Opponents must Under 8 - 11
be at least 5m away from the ball until it is in Goal kick from anywhere within the penalty area.
play. The ball is in play once it enters the field Opponents remain at least 5m outside the penalty
of play. A goal cannot be scored directly from area until the ball is in play. The ball is in play once
a throw in. it is kicked directly out of the penalty area.
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
Fouls and misconduct
Under 6 & 7 must be at least 5m away from the ball when possession of the ball
the indirect free kick is taken. (An indirect free • m
aking contact with the opponent before
Indirect free kicks are awarded for all acts of kick is where a goal can be scored only if the touching the ball
handball or fouls and misconduct. Opponents ball subsequently touches another player before
must be at least 5m away from the ball when • holds an opponent
it enters the goal).
the indirect free kick is taken. (An indirect free • spits at an opponent
kick is where a goal can be scored only if the ball For deliberate or serious acts of handball or • handles the ball deliberately
subsequently touches another player before it fouls and misconduct in the penalty area, a
• plays in a dangerous manner
enters the goal). penalty kick is awarded from an 8m penalty
mark with only a goalkeeper in position. All • impedes the progress of a player.
Most acts of handball or fouls and misconduct at other players must be outside the penalty area
this level are caused by a lack of coordination, with and be at least 5m behind the penalty mark.
no intent. In this case try and give the advantage
to the attacking team and continue play. If you Fouls and misconduct are:
decide a deliberate or serious act of handball, foul
or misconduct has occurred, explain to the child • kicks or attempts to kick an opponent
they have done the wrong thing and that they • trips or attempts to trip an opponent
should not do this again. • jumps at an opponent
Under 8 – 11 • charges an opponent
• strikes or attempts to strike an opponent
Indirect free kicks are awarded for all acts of
• pushes an opponent
handball or fouls and misconduct. Opponents
• tackles an opponent from behind to gain
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
Point’s tables and finals with competition and a ’win at all cost’ dominating the game and has already
mentality within the club environment, at the scored three goals and their team is
grassroots level, can lead to shortcuts in player winning by a three-goal margin, he/she can
To ensure that Optus Small Sided Football is
development. only score another goal when one of their
played in the correct spirit and gives all players
team-mates has scored a goal. This is to
the best possible chance to develop into the Competitively driven grassroots football focuses encourage good players to include other
best players they can be. FFA advises that mainly on the outcome of the game which is members of their team and to force them to
Member Federations, zones, associations and results orientated, the goal of participation is create opportunities for others.
clubs adopt and promote the following advice winning. FFA implements a developmental
and recommendation: approach, whereby, the goal of participation • In the Under 6 & 7 age groups directly after
is improvements in players abilities, acquiring each match each player is allowed to take a
Under 6 - 10 new skills and increasing the players “penalty” from the 8m spot. First, all players
FFA advises that the keeping of point’s tables understanding of the game in a ‘pressure free’ from Team A and second, all players from
and playing of finals must not be done. fun environment. The culture at the grassroots Team B take their penalty kicks (free shot
Under 10 - 11 level must be ‘play to learn’ not ‘play to win’. from 5m spot – no goalkeeper).
FFA recommends that the keeping of point’s Practical recommendations • D
epending on how Optus Small Sided
tables and playing of finals should not be done. Football is being implemented in the
FFA recommends that the keeping of point’s Below are some practical recommendations Under 6 & 7 age groups, the intra-club
tables and playing of finals should not start until that you may wish to consider in your role of format allows team coaches and managers
children commence playing 11 v 11 football on game leader, coach or manager; to use breaks to make some internal
a full size pitch in the Under 12 age group. changes to the team when one team is
• A
ll players should get an equal amount
Competition and points tables must not be far too strong and leading by more than
of playing time.
kept for Optus Small Sided Football. Research three or four goals.
suggests, that the pressures associated • When an individual player is completely
• Member Federations, Zones, Associations
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Laws of Optus Small Sided Football
and Clubs should attempt to ensure Clubs should service their coaches, parent
where possible that teams of reasonably helpers, game leaders and volunteers through
equal ability are playing each other. Each the community coach education pathway. The
respective governing body will have their Grassroots Football Certificate is a course of
own system to achieve this. Should you three hours duration and is aimed at beginner
require any advice with this, please contact coaches and teachers of players in the
your Member Federation or FFA. Whatever Under 6 & 7 age groups. It is designed to give
system is used in the various age groups, them a basic understanding of their role and to
you will need to consider that children like provide them with practical ideas for training
to play with their friends. sessions. Coaches looking after children in the
Under 8 - 11 age groups are encouraged to do
Role of Coach / Parent Helper a junior licence course. Clubs can contact their
association or Member Federation to organise
The major role of the coach / parent helper is
a course at their club or find out where the
to make the football experience of every player
next one is.
and their families in their team as enjoyable
as possible. The team coach/parent helper will For more information on the community
provide the best environment for children to coach education pathway go to the coaching
learn and enjoy the game through organising fun section of;
game based practices. Having good personal
and organisational skills are most important www.footballaustralia.com.au/getinvolved
for coaches and parent helpers working with
children in this age group to allow them to
learn through playing the game with minimal
instruction and a focus on player development.
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Since 2008, FFA has been working closely with Intra-club model
Member Federations, zones, associations and
clubs on the phased implementation of Optus Capital Football, the governing body for football In view of the fact that no point’s tables are
Small Sided Football throughout the country. in the ACT, began introducing Small Sided kept at these ages, the intra-club model is
Football back in 2004. In 2007, the roll-out of simply a case of grouping players into teams,
Whilst the success of this implementation is
Small Sided Football in the ACT culminated in assigning a parent/volunteer to be game leader
based on the adoption and use of the standard
the Under 11 age group playing Small Sided and organising a draw which is either done
game formats and rules described in earlier
Football for the first time. over a season or is developed each week.
sections, there is some flexibility with respect
to the delivery or operational model which In 2008, Football Federation Victoria adopted
associations and their clubs choose to adopt.
Characteristics of the intra-club model are:
the Optus Small Sided Football formats in an
• P arents only need to travel to the same
intra-club format combined with gala days for
In essence there are two alternatives when location each week (which is very likely going
the Under 6 and 7 age groups.
considering the most appropriate method of to be in close proximity to where they live);
organising Optus Small Sided Football. The In implementing Optus Small Sided Football, they do not have a “home and away” situation.
first is the intra-club option where teams are Capital Football effectively chose to use both of
arranged from within a club’s membership. • T here is less emphasis on competition given
the models described previously. For Under 9
These teams then play against each other on the games are not against other clubs.
years and below, the majority of clubs use the
a weekly basis. The other option is the inter- intra-club model where teams from within the
club model where teams from within clubs • T here is flexibility in terms of being able
club play against each other. Where clubs are to move players or parent helpers between
play against other teams from other clubs on unable to do this due to insufficient numbers,
a weekly basis. The two should not necessarily teams if required.
they combine with another smaller club and
be seen as mutually exclusive given that they play against each other. From the Under 10 • T he club can provide a greater level of
could both be used simultaneously for different age group upwards, Capital Football fixtures support to game leaders as they are all
age groups within a club or association. matches for all clubs against other clubs on a at the club’s home ground rather than
home and away basis. travelling to other clubs. In this way, these
The purpose of this section is to provide people can be “mentored” by other more
an overview and some experience of these With regard to the intra-club model, the knowledgeable and experienced coaches
individual clubs are responsible for putting from within the club.
two options together with an outline of
players into teams and organising games
the most effective “game day” approach between those teams each week. This can • T here is likely to be a greater number of
to organising Optus Small Sided Football, either be done at the beginning of the season people at the ground each week to help out
including field layouts, operational issues so that a player remains with the same team in various roles as well as generating more
and codes of behaviour. for the whole year and know in advance which sales at the canteen.
team they are playing against each week, or
alternatively, some clubs choose to allow the • R esponsibility for organising draws and field
children to “turn-up” each week, be put into allocations rests with the club as opposed
a team and then arrange who plays against to the association.
who. This flexibility easily allows players to
be moved between teams if required.
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Inter-club model
As previously mentioned, Capital Football has whose ground is used has overall responsibility • T here is likely to be less work for the club in
adopted an inter-club model of Optus Small for the operational aspect of the day. However terms of organising draws; this would instead
Sided Football for their older age groups whereby this is generally shared between clubs. be carried out by the association.
they fixture games throughout the season and
clubs play against other clubs on a home and The fact that these venues are not used for any • A ll clubs can derive benefits from their canteen
away basis. Football Federation Northern Territory other football means that they can be permanently given that Optus Small Sided Football will be
(FFNT), as well as the Ku-ring-gai District Soccer marked for Optus Small Sided Football and the played there every second week.
Association (KDSA) in Sydney, have also adopted particular age group that plays at that ground.
the inter-club model; however, their model Characteristics of the inter-club (hub)
There are a number of differences between model are:
begins at the Under 6 age group and extends to
the inter-club model in which clubs are required
the Under 11 age group. Further to this in 2008 • P arents only need to travel to the same
to travel and the hub model where the venue is
and 2009, Football Queensland and Football location each week (in contrast to the intra-
the same each week. Generally speaking, the
Federation Tasmania adopted Small Sided club model, in which the venue may not be
advantages of the inter-club (hub) model are
Football formats for the Under 6 - 9 age groups, quite as close to their residence).
similar to those of the intra-club model.
these were fixtured by each of their zones and
associations in an inter-club approach. • T here is flexibility in terms of being able to
Characteristics of the inter-club model are: move players or parent helpers between
In contrast to the home and away model, • G
ames are played against other clubs teams if required.
Northern NSW Football, Football West, FFNT and as opposed to other teams within the
KDSA use a “hub model” where clubs travel same club (some parents believe this is • O
ptus Small Sided Football ensure a more
to a centralised location each week and play particularly important and as players get efficient use of fields in general, however, having
against other clubs. For KDSA, they have eight older they also share this view). dedicated venues for Optus Small Sided Football
dedicated Small Sided Football venues where means that open spaces that may not be suitable
only Under 6 and 7 age groups play. The club for full-size fields can still be used for football.
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Game day requirements
Regardless of the type of model that is chosen, FFA is able to provide ongoing advice and
the requirements of a club and/or association support from individuals and clubs that have
on game day are going to be very similar. It is already successfully implemented Optus Small
important to emphasise that the organisational Sided Football.
requirements of Optus Small Sided Football
are not vastly different from what clubs need If required, they can offer practical suggestions
to undertake at present (through Rooball and based on their “real-life” experience.
other junior football), though there are obviously
going to be more players, more games and Accommodating multiple fields
more fields. FFA would certainly encourage Recommendations for the layout of the small-
clubs and associations to approach Optus Small sided fields appear below. Obviously they may
Sided Football with the view to minimising both differ according to the available space, however
the number of extra volunteers required and the this information should be useful when dealing
expectations placed upon them. with “standard-sized” fields.
This section discusses some of the factors that Remember, Optus Small Sided Football can be
need to be considered in relation to Optus Small played on any suitable open grass area and
Sided Football, such as field layouts, ground does not necessarily have to take place on a
management, equipment and participant codes dedicated football pitch.
of behaviour. Through your Member Federation,
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Field layouts
Under 6 & 7 Under 8 and 9
Six to eight Optus Small Sided Football pitches per full-size pitch if Two to four Optus Small Sided Football pitches per full-size pitch if
required. Optus Small Sided Football pitches to the correct dimensions required. Optus Small Sided Football pitches to the correct dimensions
are also set up on existing smaller fields or open grass areas. are also set up on existing smaller fields or open grass areas.
Under 10 and 11
One to two Optus Small Sided Football pitches per full-size pitch if required. In the Under 11 age group, the final stage of development in the
Optus Small Sided Football formats before players commence 11 v 11 football, it is recommended that clubs where facilities and scheduling allows,
set-up the field from penalty box to penalty box and adjust the width of the field with use of markers to meet the maximum specified width.
Optus Small Sided Football pitches to the correct dimensions can also be set up on existing smaller fields or open grass areas.
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Equipment requirements
Players For each field you will need: For each venue (Intra Club / Hub model)
Players will need to wear all of the same • a pair of goals or four poles/markers you will need:
clothing/equipment that they would currently • a large whiteboard or equivalent showing
do at this age – shorts, shirt, socks, boots and • a marked field with lines or sufficient a “field map” as well as a daily draw
shin pads. In the event that a club chooses the markers to be able to do this
intra-club model, coloured bibs would need to • a horn or equivalent to signal the start of
• a whistle for the game leader play, half-time and full-time in each game
be supplied to differentiate teams.
or instructing referee
• a central position with table to assist in
Club • adequate balls – at least two to three the administration of the day
The best case scenario would be for clubs to
be able to provide pop-up or portable goals • d rinks for players • a first aid kit/s
for their games as well as fields that are (should be provided by parents).
permanently marked. However this should • a dequate parking given that there is likely
absolutely not prevent them from being able to be an increased volume of both players,
to offer Optus Small Sided Football. In fact, a parents and spectators. One solution is
number of the clubs in Australia that already to schedule sufficient gaps between age
play Optus Small Sided Football use markers groups/time slots so that one group of
for both their goals and to mark out the lines people can leave and the next can arrive.
on the field. In the inter-club (hub) model, part of the
criteria for selecting grounds may be the
amount of available parking.
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How to organise Optus Small Sided Football
Ground management
Regardless of the model that is chosen, each Team managers/supervisors/game leaders
venue needs to have at least one ground also need to understand their role on the day
controller or manager who has overall ranging from determining where they are
responsibility for what occurs on game day. playing to what is acceptable behaviour. Team
This includes monitoring the timing of games, managers should be briefed by the ground
ensuring teams are aware of who and controller before matches begin each week.
where they are playing, recording results (if
appropriate), coordinating the setting up of Note that the team manager can act as game
fields and dealing with any issues that may leader (referee) though this role is perhaps
come up from time to time. best undertaken by a beginner referee
or young player from within the club
One of the most crucial tasks is to ensure that who has no connection with either
the fields are set up (and removed) in a timely of the teams.
manner. This should be delegated to a small
group of people and is probably best allocated
to representatives of the particular age group
that is playing and can be shared between
teams throughout the season. In an inter-club
(hub) model, it needs to be allocated both to an
age group and to a club given that there will be
multiple clubs sharing a venue.
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Codes of conduct: Creating the right environment for young players
The behaviour of players, their parents, • W
ork equally hard for yourself and/or your • D
isplay control, respect and professionalism
spectators, officials and administrators is team. Your team’s performance will benefit to all involved with the sport. This includes
absolutely critical in ensuring that our young and so will you. opponents, coaches, officials, administrators,
players enjoy an appropriate environment in • B e a good sport. Applaud all good plays the media, parents and spectators.
their formative years of playing football. Bearing whether they are made by your team or Encourage players to do the same.
in mind that the whole philosophy of Optus the opposition. • S how concern and caution towards sick
Small Sided Football is based on replicating and injured players. Follow the advice of
• T reat all participants in your sport as you
street football, where children play without a physician when determining whether
like to be treated. Do not bully or take
adults and referees, the major focus should an injured player is ready to recommence
unfair advantage of another competitor.
be on letting the children play with minimal training or competition.
instruction and plenty of encouragement. • C
ooperate with your coach, team-mates
and opponents. Without them, there would • O
btain appropriate qualifications and
Below are a series of codes of behaviour that be no competition. keep up to date with the latest coaching
all people involved in junior football, and in practices and the principles of growth
• P articipate for your own enjoyment and
particular Optus Small Sided Football, must and development of young people.
benefit, not just to please your parents
be aware of and abide by. Some clubs who and coaches. • A ny physical contact with a young person
already conduct Optus Small Sided Football should be appropriate to the situation and
• R espect the rights, dignity and worth of
require team managers to exchange a Code necessary for the player’s skill development.
all participants regardless of their gender,
of Behaviour before every game with each • R espect the rights, dignity and worth of every
ability, cultural background or religion.
person giving an undertaking, on behalf of young person regardless of their gender,
their players, parents and spectators, to ability, cultural background or religion.
behave in an appropriate manner. If this does
Coaches Code of Behaviour
not eventuate, the other team manager is • R
emember that young people participate for Parents Code of Behaviour
entitled to refer the other person back to the pleasure, and winning is only part of the fun. • R emember that children participate in
Code, and if inappropriate behaviour persists • N
ever ridicule or yell at a young player for sport for their enjoyment, not yours.
club representatives (probably the ground making a mistake or not coming first. • E ncourage children to participate,
controller) would need to become involved. • B
e reasonable in your demands on do not force them.
players’ time, energy and enthusiasm. • F ocus on your child’s efforts and
Players Code of Behaviour
• O
perate within the rules and spirit of your performance rather than whether
• Play by the rules. sport and teach your players to do the same. they win or lose.
• N
ever argue with an official. If you • E nsure that the time players spend with you • E ncourage children to play according to
disagree, have your captain, coach or is a positive experience. All young people are the rules and to settle disagreements
manager approach the official during deserving of equal attention and opportunities. without resorting to hostility or violence.
a break or after the competition.
• A void overplaying the talented players; the ever ridicule or yell at a child for making
• N
• C
ontrol your temper. Verbal abuse “just average” need and deserve equal time. a mistake or losing a competition.
of officials, sledging other players or
• E nsure that equipment and facilities meet
deliberately distracting or provoking an
safety standards and are appropriate to
opponent are not acceptable or
the age and ability of all players.
permitted behaviours in any sport.
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Codes of conduct: Creating the right environment for young players
• R emember that children learn best by • P lace the safety and welfare of the • R emember, you set an example.
example. Appreciate good performance participants above all else. Your behaviour and comments should
and skilful plays by all participants. • G
ive all young people a “fair go” regardless be positive and supportive.
• S upport all efforts to remove verbal and of their gender, ability, cultural background • M
ake it clear that abusing young people
physical abuse from sporting activities. or religion. in any way is unacceptable and will result
• R espect officials’ decisions and teach in disciplinary action.
Administrators Code of Behaviour
children to do likewise. • R espect the rights, dignity and worth
• Involve young people in planning,
• S how appreciation for volunteer coaches, of every young person regardless of
leadership, evaluation and decision-making
officials and administrators. Without them, their gender, ability, cultural background
related to the activity.
your child could not participate. or religion.
• G
ive all young people equal opportunities
• R espect the rights, dignity and worth to participate. Spectators Code of Behaviour
of every young person regardless of • R emember that young people participate
• C
reate pathways for young people to
their gender, ability, cultural background in sport for their enjoyment and benefit,
participate in sport, not just as a player but
or religion. not yours.
as a coach, referee, administrator etc.
Officials Code of Behaviour • E nsure that rules, equipment, length of • A pplaud good performances and efforts
• M
odify rules and regulations to match the games and training schedules are modified from all individuals and teams. Congratulate
skill levels and needs of young people. to suit the age, ability and maturity level of all participants on their performance,
young players. regardless of the game’s outcome.
• Compliment and encourage all participants.
• P rovide quality supervision and instruction • R espect the decisions of officials and
• B e consistent, objective and courteous
for junior players. teach young people to do the same.
when making decisions.
• R emember that young people participate • N
ever ridicule or scold a young player
• C
ondemn unsporting behaviour and
for their enjoyment and benefit. Do not for making a mistake. Positive comments
promote respect for all opponents.
overemphasise awards. are motivational.
• E mphasise the spirit of the game rather
• H
elp coaches and officials highlight • C
ondemn the use of violence in any
than the errors.
appropriate behaviour and skill form, whether it is by spectators,
• E ncourage and promote rule changes that coaches, officials or players.
development, and help improve the
will make participation more enjoyable.
standards of coaching and officiating. • S how respect for your team’s opponents.
• B e a good sport yourself. Actions speak Without them, there would be no game.
• E nsure that everyone involved in junior
louder than words.
sport emphasises fair play, rather than • E ncourage players to follow the rules
• K eep up to date with the latest trends in winning at all costs. and the officials’ decisions.
officiating and the principles of growth and
• G
ive a Code of Behaviour sheet to • D
o not use foul language, sledge or
development of young people.
spectators, officials, parents, coaches, harass players, coaches or officials.
• R emember, you set an example. Your players and the media, and encourage • R espect the rights, dignity and worth
behaviour and comments should be positive them to follow it. of every young person regardless of
and supportive.
their gender, ability, cultural background
or religion.
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