Operational Report - Public Transport Authority
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2. Operational Report 2.1 Customers and community Transperth The Transperth PSM, which has been An independent market research organisation is commissioned running for 24 years, surveyed more than to undertake annual Passenger Satisfaction Monitors (PSMs) to 4300 passengers, covering all modes, all the assess the level of passenger satisfaction with various aspects of bus contract areas and all the rail lines. Transperth and Transwa services. The survey conducts detailed face-to-face interviews with regular public transport users, Transperth: Level of overall customer covering all the main demographics. satisfaction (per cent) 100 88.4 84.4 85.5 82.3 85.4 80 60 88.4% 40 Overall Transperth customer satisfaction 20 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Overall customer satisfaction with Transperth services system-wide (calculated as the weighted average across all modes) recorded a marked improvement in 2015, increasing 3.5 per cent to 88.4 per cent of users from 85.4 per cent in 2014. 24
Transperth trains The Transperth train component of the 2015 PSM interviewed 1008 train passengers. The sample consisted of adults aged 18 years and older, residing within the Perth metropolitan area who were current users of Transperth train services and travelled on train services at least once per fortnight. School students were excluded. The results showed that the proportion of train passengers who were satisfied with Transperth train services overall increased for the second successive year with 92 per cent of users expressing satisfaction Transperth trains: Level of overall Among peak passengers, 91 per cent in 2015. This was an increase of 3.4 per cent customer satisfaction (per cent) expressed satisfaction in 2015, a 4.6 per cent compared with 89 per cent satisfied users increase; among off-peak passengers, in 2014. This also followed the significant it was 93 per cent (91 per cent in 2014). 100 89 89 92 six per cent improvement achieved in 2014 88 84 The proportion of passengers who were over 2013 when the proportion of satisfied 80 dissatisfied overall fell to its lowest level to users was 84 per cent. two per cent (previously three per cent). 60 The main reasons for dissatisfaction were 40 “need extra carriages” and “too crowded in 20 peak times”. To address these issues, the PTA has ordered 66 B-Series railcars (22, three-car 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 trains), of which 33 new railcars (11, three‑car trains) have been delivered and were in service during the year. These additional railcars were used to increase the number of six-car trains in operation. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 25
The importance rating of the key service characteristics of Transperth train services Transperth buses (other than passenger safety) and the respective levels of satisfaction are as follows: The 2015 PSM interviewed 2409 regular bus patrons and 704 Central Area Transit Importance Satisfaction (CAT) bus users. The proportion of bus users Service characteristic rating % (dissatisfaction) rating % who expressed overall satisfaction with all 2014 2015 2014 2015 Transperth bus services increased for the second successive year reaching 86 per cent, Cost of fares 72 72 52 (16) 48 (15) an increase of 3.6 per cent over the 2014 result, Punctuality 63 60 95 (1) 94 (3) which marked an improvement of 2.5 per cent Cleanliness on board 48 57 90 (3) 91 (2) over 2013. Speed of the trip 66 55 93 (2) 92 (2) At eight per cent (unchanged from last year), Availability of seats 56 55 73 (17) 78 (14) the dissatisfaction rating was the consecutive lowest in the 20 years since bus services have Service frequency weekdays 48 53 83 (6) 77 (10) been contracted out. The main reasons cited Service frequency peak times 43 53 82 (11) 81 (10) for dissatisfaction also remained unchanged SmartRider 39 97 (1) and were “infrequent services”, “buses never on time”, “insufficient off-peak services”, “buses and In 2015, as in 2014, most respondents rated “cost of the fares” the most important service trains don’t connect well”, and “rude drivers”. characteristic. The satisfaction levels fell slightly to 48 per cent in 2015 (from 52 per cent). Transperth buses: Level of overall The service characteristic “time waiting for connecting bus” in the 2014 list was replaced customer satisfaction (per cent) by “SmartRider” rated as one of the most important by 39 per cent of the respondents. 100 The proportion of train users who were satisfied with this service characteristic was 82 83 83 86 81 97 per cent. 80 60 40 20 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 26
The importance rating of the key service characteristics of Transperth bus services Transperth ferries (other than passenger safety) and the respective levels of satisfaction are as follows: The 2015 PSM surveyed 200 ferry patrons (divided equally between Perth residents Importance Satisfaction and visitors). Service characteristic rating % (dissatisfaction) rating % The results over the year have shown that a 2014 2015 2014 2015 very high proportion of passengers express Punctuality 70 68 76 (13) 78 (12) satisfaction with the ferry service overall. In 2015, for the first time, the level of overall Cost of fares 58 64 56 (13) 56 (13) customer satisfaction reached 100 per cent. Shelter provided at the bus stop 53 54 74 (17) 78 (15) Transperth ferries: Level of overall Cleanliness on board 43 52 94 (1) 94 (2) customer satisfaction (per cent) Service frequency weekdays 54 48 71 (18) 71 (18) Bus drivers’ handling of the bus 47 87 (3) 96 97 100 96 95 100 Speed of the trip 43 47 89 (4) 92 (3) 80 Ease of connecting between buses and trains 44 89 (6) 60 40 Two new service characteristics “bus drivers’ handling of the bus” and “ease of connecting 20 between buses and trains” entered the list in 2015 while “availability of seats” and “service frequency at peak times” dropped out. 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 27
The importance rating of key service characteristics (other than passenger safety) and the Transwa respective levels of satisfaction are as follows: The Transwa PSM has been running for 13 years and surveyed 1502 passengers, Importance Satisfaction covering road coach operations as well as all Service characteristic rating % (dissatisfaction) rating % the rail services. 2014 2015 2014 2015 Overall customer satisfaction was maintained Cost of the fare 73 73 82 (2) 84 (1) at a very high level. The Transwa PSM Cleanliness on board 75 66 100 (0) 99 (0) showed that 93 per cent of passengers were either satisfied or very satisfied with Service frequency weekdays 58 66 71 (18) 87 (5) service performance. Punctuality 64 65 99 (0) 98 (1) Transwa: Level of overall customer Speed of the trip 55 55 99 (0) 98 (1) satisfaction (per cent) Availability of seats 53 54 100 (0) 100 (0) Shelter at the jetty 48 49 83 (12) 81 (12) 100 Availability of timetables 41 70 (2) 80 60 A new service characteristic, “availability of timetables” identified by 41 per cent of respondents entered the list in 2015, with 70 per cent of users satisfied, replacing “service 40 frequency peak times”. 20 90 90 92 90 93 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 28
Transwa trains Transwa trains: Customer satisfaction (per cent) There were excellent satisfaction levels for our trains - the AvonLink rating jumped 100 to 99 per cent (previously 94). A major 80 contributing factor to the significant increase was the introduction of the additional Midland 60 to Northam services, on December 1, 2014. 40 The Australind remained high but dropped one per cent from the previous year to 20 94 96 75 86 93 87 90 93 93 84 88 87 93 94 92 92 92 99 82 92 per cent, while the Prospector approvals 0 increased significantly to 92 per cent 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 (previously 87). The MerredinLink dropped Prospector Australind AvonLink & MerredinLink *AvonLink *MerredinLink significantly to 82 per cent (previously 92); this drop is attributed to the decrease in *Note: Before 2012 AvonLink and MerredinLink results were combined. services to one return service per week. Transwa road coaches The road coaches also enjoy a consistently high satisfaction level, with 93 per cent of customers happy with road coach services. Transwa road coaches: Customer satisfaction (per cent) 100 80 60 40 20 90 91 93 91 0 93 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 29
Customer safety and security The PSM assesses customer perceptions of safety during the day and at night, waiting for and aboard the (bus/train/ferry) service. Across the modes, virtually all passengers feel safe (aboard or waiting) during the day. Transperth: Customer safety (per cent) Proportion of respondents who generally feel safe on board during the day. 100 80 60 40 20 100 100 100 99 98 99 99 99 99 99 97 99 98 99 98 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Bus Train Ferry 30
Transperth trains During the day, the proportion feeling safe on board and at the station/ The 2015 PSM asked train users: Thinking about the issue of personal interchange was 98 per cent in each case (compared with 98 per cent safety whilst using the service, that is how safe you feel from personal and 97 per cent respectively). interference or threat from other passengers, how safe do you The PTA is committed to ensuring that all passengers feel safe at all generally feel? times on the train network. To help achieve this aim, digitised CCTV The following chart shows the proportion of respondents who “always footage from all train stations is monitored at the Central Monitoring or usually feel safe” on the train system. Room, a state‑of‑the‑art facility which is manned 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Transperth trains: Customer perception of safety (per cent) Transperth buses 100 Bus users were also asked: Thinking about the issue of personal safety whilst using the service, that is how safe you feel from personal 80 interference or threat from other passengers, how safe do you 60 generally feel? 40 The following chart shows the proportion of respondents who “always or usually feel safe” on the bus network. 20 98 76 99 72 99 72 98 68 99 78 98 69 98 77 97 69 98 78 98 72 Transperth buses: Customer perception of safety (per cent) 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 100 On board (day) At the station/interchange (day) On board (night) At the station/interchange (night) 80 60 The proportion of users who said they felt safe on board at night 40 increased marginally to 78 per cent (from 77), while the proportion feeling safe at the station/interchange at night increased to 72 per cent 20 99 82 97 73 99 79 97 72 99 81 97 73 99 84 97 75 99 82 97 71 (from 69). 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 On board (day) At the station/interchange (day) On board (night) At the station/interchange (night) Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 31
The proportion of bus patrons who felt safe on board and at the Transperth ferries: Customer perception of safety (per cent) station/interchange in 2015 remained unchanged at the 2014 level of 99 per cent and 97 per cent respectively. However, the proportion 100 of passengers who felt safe on board at night fell from 84 per cent in 80 2014 to 82 per cent, while the proportion who felt safe at the station/ interchange at night fell to 71 per cent in 2015 (from 75 per cent). 60 Transperth has extensive security measures in place to address 40 concerns about personal safety expressed by passengers who use 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 our buses and facilities at night. CCTV footage from all bus stations is 89 86 99 97 99 96 97 92 98 87 95 93 92 86 monitored by Transperth Security located in the CMR on a 24/7 basis, 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 and a fleet of 19 patrol cars manned by security officers provide an effective response to any incidents of anti-social behaviour. On board (day) At the jetty (day) On board (night) At the jetty (night) Transperth ferries Again, ferry passengers were asked: Thinking about the issue of The 2015 PSM showed that, as in 2014, all ferry passengers felt personal safety whilst using the service, that is how safe you feel safe on board and at the jetty during the day. However, at night, from personal interference or threat from other passengers, how the proportion of users who felt safe on board fell to 92 per cent from safe do you generally feel? 95 per cent in 2014 and proportion who felt safe at the jetty was down The following chart shows the proportion of respondents who to 86 per cent from 93 per cent. “always or usually feel safe” on the ferry service. Transwa Transwa continued to provide a very safe service for customers through its commitment to safety systems, procedures and processes. The number of passenger injuries during the year remained very low. 32
CASE STUDY ANZAC Centenary This year’s ANZAC Centenary celebrations saw record crowds attend dawn services around the country, with hundreds of thousands of Australians turning up to pay their respects to servicemen and women both past and present. Transperth was there to ensure the public made it safely and efficiently to ANZAC Centenary events. With free travel across the network on ANZAC Day, along with an increase in services, more than 265,000 passengers used Transperth services during the weekend. This year marked 100 years since Australian ‘normal’ passengers going about their troops landed on the shores of Gallipoli public holiday business. and crafted the ANZAC legacy. A record Additional train and bus services were number of Australians attended ANZAC Day scheduled, the shuttle bus service to Kings services across the country and Perth was Park was rerouted, and SmartRider and no exception. An estimated 80,000 people ticket machines were reprogrammed to attended the ANZAC Centenary dawn service ensure passengers were not charged for at Kings Park on April 25. their journey. Long before the sun rose over the sombre From very early in the morning (the first train crowds at dawn services across the city, services kicked off at 2.30am), staff were numerous staff from Transperth and the busy ensuring shuttle buses and trains were “Congratulations on a job well done in PTA were busy getting tens of thousands of able to ferry passengers to the landmark moving thousands of people efficiently and people to where they needed to go. With the centenary event, and the public had no small courteously on ANZAC Day,” said passenger State Government providing free travel for amount of praise for their efforts. Norm Holtzman. “You have really excelled passengers to mark the anniversary, huge crowds were expected. From letters to the editor in state and local yourself. I don’t think it could have been any newspapers, to numerous tweets, Facebook better. Your staff were friendly and helpful Over the course of the Saturday, Transperth and obviously enthusiastic and wanting to posts and CommentLines, Transperth and moved a massive 110,000 people to and do a good job, once again, thank you and the PTA received resoundingly positive from ANZAC Day events, around 26,000 well done.” feedback from patrons. between the football and a further 130,000 Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 33
Safety audits yy Transdev was re-certified to AS4801 is measured against other spatial and in January 2014 and is current until scheduling data – in this case PSAs and Transperth buses January 2017. Transdev is also service timetables. Safety audits and monitoring of Transperth certified as compliant with ISO 14001 Access to public transport (per cent) bus contractors continued in line with Environmental Management Systems, standard AS4801-OSH Management valid to January 2017. Proportion of property street addresses in the Perth Public Transport Area within Systems. Each depot was audited at Transdev’s Central Operations Support 500m of a Transperth stop providing an least once, with other documented site Supervisor was a WA Road Transport Woman acceptable service level. visits throughout the year. These regular of the Year finalist for her role in a “Targeted audits and inspections have generated Collision” campaign. Between 2012 and improved safety management systems 100 84.6 84.7 84.6 85.0 2014, this campaign reduced the number 83.8 and safety focus, and our contractors’ of traffic accidents involving buses from the 80 LTI rate continues to be well below the Fremantle depot by about 10 per cent. 60 industry standard. yy Swan Transit was re-certified to AS4801 Accessing our services 40 in March 2015 and is current until About 85 per cent of Perth homes have 20 February 2018. This contractor is also ready access to public transport. This metric 0 certified as compliant with ISO 14001 – which has been steady for three years – 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Environmental Management Systems reflects the proportion of PSAs (property valid to February 2018. street addresses) in the Perth public transport There were 806,483 PSAs within 500m of an area (PPTA) that are within walking distance yy Path Transit is in the process of being ASL stop/station in 2015, up three per cent (500m) of a Transperth stop or station re-certified to AS4801 with an expected from 783,270 in 2014, and 9.8 per cent more providing an acceptable level of service (ASL). completion of August 2015 and is current than the 734,349 reported in 2011. An ASL is defined as a 20-minute or better until July 2015. This contractor is also service in the peak-flow direction during Disability access certified as compliant with ISO 14001 the peak, and at least an hourly service Transperth aims to provide universal access Environmental Management Systems throughout the core of the day. to all its services for the wider community – valid to August 2015. Transperth uses GPS data to determine including the elderly, people with disabilities, the exact location of all bus stops and and parents with prams. train stations. Access to these facilities 34
Disability Access and Inclusion Plan The PTA continued to improve access to yy During the year, seven accessibility bulletins yy Organisations who participated in the public transport for people with a disability, were distributed via email to 25,954 program included the National Stroke working through the 2012-17 DAIP, which customers registered with Transperth Foundation, Goodwill Engineering, was released in July 2012. During the year, Accessible Services to advise of system Independent Living Centre, InclusionWA, the PTA carried out a review of the DAIP to changes, upgrades and other Transperth TAFE, ASeTTS and Communicare. include Outcome 7, which covers strategies news relating to accessibility issues. Education services were also provided to to promote the employment of people with a yy Completed the upgrade of Kenwick station. the key events across the metropolitan disability in the PTA. area including Abilities Expo, Homeless yy Upgrading Transperth bus stops to Connect, CarersWA Big Day Out and Achievements included: meet the requirements of the Disability Seniors Have-A-Go-Day. Standards for Accessible Public Transport yy Continued implementation of a long‑term under the Government’s Bus Stop yy Delivered 39 presentations through the program to progressively replace the Accessibility Works. Since this program school-based Get On Board program for existing Transperth bus fleet with new, started in 2010, approximately 3300 Education Support and Intensive English low-floor, accessible buses – at June 30, upgrades have been completed. Of these, Centres. In addition, 83 tailored Get On 90.3 per cent of our metro fleet (1291 80 bus stops were upgraded in the Board programs were delivered to seniors of 1430 buses) and 81 per cent regional network over the past two years. and culturally and linguistically diverse of our regional buses (112 of 138) (CaLD) groups. were accessible. yy Formation of Perth Busport Accessibility and Inclusion Reference Group. yy Translating and Interpreting Service yy Continued recognition of companion (TIS) - call count for InfoCentres and cards to allow a companion to travel with yy The Transperth education team continued the CallCentre was 148 (July 2014 – a person with a permanent disability at no to work closely with local government, May 2015). additional cost. community organisations and colleges to provide training on-site and at stations to yy Active participation as a member of the yy Managing accessibility groups via equip staff and clients with the skills and National Accessible Public Transport My Alert emails (formerly TravelEasy) as a knowledge necessary to become safe and Advisory Committee and Accessible Public mechanism to disseminate accessibility- confident public transport users. Transport Jurisdictional Committee. specific updates to relevant organisations. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 35
Buses In three contract areas, accessible buses Transperth continued its long-term program were used for more than 90 per cent of to increase the number of accessible service trips: Marmion (98.7 per cent), buses in its fleet. During the year, 113 new Claremont (98.5 per cent), and Southern River (91.6 per cent). On Perth CAT During the year, buses were added, increasing the number services, 97 per cent of the trips were by 113 of accessible buses to 1291 out of the total fleet of 1430 at June 30, 2015 accessible buses, while on CAT services (90.3 per cent). At June 30, 2014 accessible in Fremantle and Joondalup and on the buses accounted for 87 per cent of the fleet. Midland Shuttle, accessible buses were used on all trips. new accessible buses Transperth’s accessible fleet has expanded by 43 per cent since 2011. Between 2010-11 and 2014-15, while the were added to the Preference is given to operating accessible number of service trips increased by Transperth fleet buses whenever possible and they are used 27.6 per cent, trips by accessible buses on most off-peak services. In the peak, both went up 85 per cent and the proportion accessible and non-accessible buses are of service trips operated by accessible fully committed. buses rose 45 per cent. Trip numbers are reported as at June 30. The proportion of service trips operated by The PTA also has a responsibility to 625 accessible buses has increased significantly over the past five years. In 2014-15, out of ensure that bus fleets in regional towns 4.663 million service trips during the year, meet Federal accessibility requirements. and over 3.191m trips (68.4 per cent) were operated To meet this responsibility, the PTA bus stops were upgraded by accessible buses compared with progressively transfers low-floor diesel buses from the Transperth fleet to the to meet Federal Disbility 65 per cent of trips in 2013-14. regional fleet. Standards 36
Transperth continued its Bus Stop The environment yy Continued implementation of the energy Accessibility Works Program (BSAWP) during efficiency measures identified as part of the 2014-15 with more than 625 bus stops being The PTA continues to work to identify energy assessment of the Public Transport upgraded to meet the requirements of the opportunities to maximise sustainability during Centre, including the installation of LED Federal Disability Standards for Accessible the development and planning of transport lights which resulted in a downward trend Public Transport. In 2013-14, 610 bus stops services. In the latest year this included: in energy use during 2014-15. were upgraded. yy Development of a Sustainability Position yy Audited Downer Bombardier (the PTA’s Upgrades typically involve the construction Statement for the Forrestfield-Airport railcar maintainer) to ensure environmental of a concrete passenger boarding area at Link project. compliance at the PTA’s Claisebrook, correct kerb height, installation of tactile yy The Forrestfield-Airport Link project has Nowergup and Mandurah depots. ground surface indicators and a short adopted the Infrastructure Sustainability yy Completed and implemented the PTA’s connection to the existing local footpath Council of Australia (ISCA) rating scheme Environmental Management Systems network. Since the program was introduced for evaluating sustainability and driving (EMS) manual to support the PTA in in January 2010, more than 3300 bus stops sustainability performance across all achieving legal compliance, controlling have been upgraded. stages of the project. risks for operations and capital works, yy Integration of infrastructure for pedestrians and encouraging continuous improvement Ferries and cyclists. in its environmental performance. Transperth ferry services are provided by yy Protection and restoration of air, water, yy Developed online training for the PTA’s two accessible ferries, MV Phillip Pendal EMS manual for staff. soils, flora and fauna. and MV Shelley Taylor-Smith. yy Took delivery of 13 new articulated yy Improving the energy efficiency of the The Barrack Street Jetty in Perth meets buses which comply with Euro 6 exhaust Public Transport Centre. the Federal accessibility standard. emission standards. During the year, the PTA: Although the Mends Street Jetty in South Perth is accessible for people in yy Continued to implement the PTA water wheelchairs, planning is in progress for the efficiency management plan. future construction of a new jetty to meet yy Continued using recycled water and all accessibility standards and provide reverse osmosis to wash railcars. improved facilities, subject to funding being made available. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 37
yy Launched the Get On Board program dedicated website for students, teachers and parents to encourage better education of public transport amongst these groups. yy Continued to improve signage at a number of bus and train stations as part of a system-wide upgrade. The new signage improves visibility of key components of infrastructure, such as lifts, to make them easier to identify for those who need to use them. yy Continued to provide service disruption information to passengers across all modes of public transport. yy Delivered service change information to Communicating with our customers passengers following the continued roll out of additional bus service kilometres. In 2014-15, the Transperth Information and including the Albany Commemoration in yy Continued to deliver Get On Board Event Services team successfully undertook a October 2014 and the Kings Park Dawn program presentations to a broad range wide range of initiatives: Service in April 2015. of community groups. yy Communicated the opening and new yy Launched the Access All Areas yy Continued to work with major event timetable for Butler Station. event guide poster in trains aimed at organisers to ensure the provision encouraging use of public transport to yy Successfully launched the Show Your of special events and promote special events in the Perth metro area. Good Side portrait series – a new integrated ticketing. behavioural campaign encouraging yy Successfully launched a track closures passengers to consider others and be campaign to educate passengers on how mindful of their actions. to stay informed of upcoming works and how to keep moving through disruptions. yy Coordinated the transport requirements for ANZAC Centenary commemorations 38
CASE STUDY Passenger Satisfaction Monitor – our best ever results The PTA’s annual Passenger Satisfaction Monitor is Australia’s biggest and longest- running public transport passenger survey. After extensive interviews of 4300 regular Transperth passengers, the 2015 survey has revealed our best-ever results, with all-time high levels of satisfaction across all transport modes. Findings from the 2015 PSM displayed multiple At a glance, below are some of the other all-time best results compared to previous outstanding results from the PSM: years, revealing that nine in 10 passengers are yy 92 per cent satisfaction from train overall satisfied with our services. passengers (91 per cent in peak hour and The PSM survey, which measures performance 93 per cent during off-peak) indicators of satisfaction across the Transperth yy 86 per cent satisfaction from bus network, is one of the most extensive and passengers in-depth public transport passenger surveys yy Up to 97 per cent satisfaction from CAT in Australia and we’ve been conducting it for bus passengers more than 24 years. yy Fremantle CAT won the highest satisfaction This year’s survey spoke to 4300 people, rating from passengers at 97 per cent covering all demographics of regular yy The 950 Superbus remains the highest passengers across the entire network. performing non-CAT service since its From this sample, high satisfaction results introduction last year with a 94 per cent were received from around 90 per cent of satisfaction rating customers who said they are happy with the overall level of Transperth train, bus and yy 99 per cent of users are satisfied with the ferry services. cashless SmartRider ticketing system A stand-out achievement from the 2015 The results provide a holistic look at how our PSM was the Transperth ferry system, passengers feel about our services so that which reached 100 per cent overall we can continue what we are doing right and satisfaction for the first time. identify the areas we can improve on, to deliver exceptional services into the future. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 39
2.2 Performance report 2.2.1 Metro Fleet Transperth is the brand and operating TTO operates an electrified suburban train name of the public transport system in system with more than 1045 services on the greater metropolitan area of Perth. an average weekday and more than 6645 TTO operates an electrified services weekly. At June 30, TTO operated The Transperth system consists of a bus suburban train system with a fleet of 267 railcars which can be coupled network, a fully-electrified urban train system in configurations of two, three, four or and a ferry service. It is managed by the six‑car trains. Transperth branch of the Transperth System, Regional and School Bus Services division The system covers 180.8km of track with 70 stations on five lines. The network 1045 and covers key functions such as system planning, bus service delivery, bus service consists of the Joondalup Line (40.9km), more than security, passenger information services, the Fremantle Line (19km), the Midland Line services on an average ticketing, and bus fleet procurement. (16km), the Armadale/Thornlie Line (30.5km and a 3km spur line to Thornlie), and the weekday and more than Transperth bus and ferry services are Mandurah Line (71.4km). 6645 services weekly provided under commercial contract At June 30, the 1430-vehicle Transperth arrangements; train services are provided bus fleet (up 5.6 per cent) was made up by PTA’s Transperth Train Operations of 885 diesel buses (including 440 buses (TTO) division under an internal service delivered under the current Volvo contract) level agreement. and 545 CNG buses. Passenger information comprising Of these, 13 buses (one per cent of the fleet) InfoCentre, InfoLine and customer conform to the Euro 6 emissions standard, feedback services are provided under 447 buses (31.3 per cent) conform to contract by Serco. the Euro 5 standard and 498 buses (34.8 per cent) meet the Euro 4 standard. The 440 new Volvo buses in the fleet meet the Euro 5 EEV (enhanced environmentally friendly vehicle) standard. 40
The Volvo contract will deliver 820 new Under the new summer timetable, the ferry service diesel buses over an eight-year period. operated an average of In 2014-15, the Transperth bus system 600 operated 315 standard timetabled bus routes, 296 school routes, and nine CAT routes. On a typical weekday trips per week this involved operating 14,914 standard service trips, 296 school service trips and 957 CAT service trips. Accessible Two ferries (MV Phillip Pendal and The timetable change resulted in an buses were always used on 205 routes, MV Shelley Taylor-Smith) operate the increase in the number of service kilometres which included nine CAT routes and Transperth ferry service between the operated by the ferry service. 36 school routes. A bus service frequency city (Barrack Street) and South Perth We also continued with the implementation of 15 minutes or better is provided all (Mends Street). The service is operated of the bus service expansion program day on most major corridors, with higher under contract by Captain Cook Cruises. which began in 2011-12, with service frequencies in peak periods. The ferry timetables were changed with improvements prioritised as follows: The Transperth bus service network is effect from June 1, 2014. The new summer yy Services which cannot pick up divided into 11 geographic contract areas timetable runs from October to May passengers due to overloading. which are periodically subject to competitive (previously September to April) and the winter timetable from June to September (previously yy Transport corridors we identified as tender. At June 30, three contractors providing access between key primary operated Transperth bus services: May to August). and secondary centres to help achieve yy Path Transit – Kalamunda, Morley. Under the new summer timetable, the ferry planned land-use outcomes proposed service operated 92 trips a day Monday to by the Department of Planning in yy Swan Transit – Canning, Claremont, Thursday and 100 trips on Friday (previously Directions 2031. Marmion, Midland (including Midland 80 and 88 trips), 74 trips on a Saturday shuttle), and Southern River. yy New urban areas developing on the and 58 trips on a Sunday/public holiday. yy Transdev – Fremantle (including fringes of the metropolitan area. There was no change to the number of trips Fremantle CAT), Joondalup (including operated during the winter, 60 trips a day Joondalup CAT), Rockingham- Monday to Friday and 54 trips a day on Mandurah, and the Perth CAT contract. weekends and public holidays. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 41
“The Transperth yy Facilitated a series of operational and system consists timetable changes. of a bus network, yy Planned for and provided safe and reliable a fully‑electrified rail services for all special events including the ANZAC Centenary Day. urban train yy Continued recruiting and training of staff system and a for the provision of safe, reliable and customer-focussed services. ferry service.” yy Prepared and evaluated the Expression of Interest for the supply of 300 new state-of- the-art C-Series railcars (50, six-car trains) over a ten-year period. The bus service expansion program added Service extensions and improvements yy Continued planning for the installation 2.201 million service kilometres during the included: of the pantograph Automatic Dropping year to deliver a total of 65.531m kilometres Device, an overreach and platform yy Improved frequencies on key corridors, detection system on railcars, all of which in 2014-15, up 3.5 per cent from including Alexander Drive, Albany Highway promote safety of passengers and 63.329m kilometres in 2013-14. This followed and Canning Highway. protects railway assets. increases of 4.2 per cent in 2013-14, 4.6 per cent in 2012-13 and 8.5 per cent yy Extension of Route 100 from Curtin yy Commenced planning for the opening in 2011-12. University to Cannington station. of the new Aubin Grove Station on the There were also a number of significant new Mandurah Line. New service routes introduced during the year included: developments during the year: yy Contributed to the Burswood Stadium yy The PTA took delivery of a further and Forrestfield-Airport Link projects and yy Route 406 between Glendalough related works. Station and Edith Cowan University in 24 railcars (eight, three-car trains) of the Mount Lawley. 66 B-Series railcars on order. In total, 33 new railcars (11, three-car trains) were yy Route 491 between Butler Station in service during the year. and Yanchep. yy Commenced operation of services to the yy Route 565 between Warnbro Station new Butler Station on the Joondalup Line. and Baldivis. 42
CASE STUDY Euro 6 buses for a greener future Once again, Transperth has embraced newer and greener technology, with the introduction of 70 new Volvo Euro 6 articulated buses to our fleet. A $58.5 million investment by the State Government will see the world’s cleanest diesel buses introduced over five years, replacing some of the fleet’s oldest buses and placing Western Australia at the forefront of clean public transport. The first of the Euro 6 buses was officially handed over to the PTA in early 2015 after extensive testing and optimisation in both Sweden and Perth. This year Transperth was at the forefront of introducing environmentally-friendly technology to the streets of Perth, with the introduction of the new Volvo Euro 6 bus. The Euro 6 vehicles are the world’s cleanest diesel buses. Seventy new Euro 6 articulated buses will be introduced over five years, thanks to an investment of $58.5 million by the State Government. In a boost for local jobs, the Euro 6 vehicle bodies will be assembled by local company Volgren, allowing for the employment of 15 additional staff at Volgren’s Malaga facility. Volvo Bus Australia Currently the Australian Capital Territory is the only other state or territory to have Euro 6 buses. The articulated buses can each carry more than 100 passengers and will be used on Perth’s busiest bus routes, for major events, and “We are really excited to start using Volvo’s latest technology in Perth as rail replacement services for planned disruptions. The new buses and even more excited to have a world-class articulated option are roomy and fully air-conditioned, with low-floor step-less entry to back in our local product line,” Volvo Bus Australia General Manager allow wheelchair accessibility. Sean Copeland said. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 43
Network patronage The main features of Transperth patronage in yy Fare-paying boardings also continued 2014-15 were: to fall, by 1.5 per cent to 81.188m in Patronage by mode is reported in four 2014‑15 following the 2.6 per cent decline categories: yy Total boardings which fell 1.4 per cent to 82.426m in 2013-14. The two previous in 2013-14 recovered in 2014-15 to yy Fare-paying boardings – cash and years recorded increases of 4.1 per cent in record a small 0.8 per cent increase paid SmartRider boardings plus special 2012-13 and seven per cent in 2011-12. to 148.762 million from 147.641m in event boardings. 2013‑14. However, in the two previous yy Free travel by seniors, aged/disability yy Cash and SmartRider initial years significantly higher growth rates pensioners, and carers continued to boardings – fare-paying boardings plus were achieved, 3.9 per cent in 2012-13 increase and accounted for 9.110m free travel on SmartRider*. and six per cent in 2011-12. total boardings in 2014-15, up 6.6 per cent from 8.545m in 2013-14. yy Total initial boardings – cash and yy Total initial boardings also recovered, with Initial boardings were 5.388m in 2014-15, SmartRider initial boardings plus free an increase of 0.8 per cent in 2014-15 to up three per cent from 5.230m. travel on Free Transit Zone (FTZ) services, 104.234m from 103.437m in 2013-14. on CAT services in Perth, Fremantle and The 2013-14 result represented a decline Factors contributing to the continuing decline Joondalup, and on the Midland Shuttle of 1.2 per cent over 2012-13, a year which of fare-paying boardings on the Transperth service. saw growth of 3.7 per cent following an system were: increase of 5.1 per cent in 2011-12. yy Total boardings – total initial boardings yy Increased unemployment which impacts yy The decline in cash and SmartRider adversely on commuter traffic. plus transfer boardings. initial boardings continued for a second yy Slowing of the rate of growth in *Free travel on SmartRider refers to travel by year in succession, falling 1.2 per cent population, particularly the significant drop WA seniors, aged and disability pensioners, to 86.759m in 2014-15 following the in interstate migration resulting from the and carers on weekdays from 9am to 3.30pm 2.4 per cent fall in 2013-14 to 87.829m. reduction in mining investment. and all day on weekends and public holidays. In contrast, growth rates of 4.2 per cent It also includes all day free travel by veterans. and 6.9 per cent were achieved in yy Cost of living pressures impacting largely 2012‑13 and 2011-12 respectively. on discretionary travel. yy Relatively low fuel prices making driving more attractive to commuters than using public transport. 44
Despite the unfavourable results in 2014-15, Following the abolition of the carbon tax in The Giants event patronage on the Transperth system has July 2014, the PTA was required to return In February 2015, Transperth successfully met increased over the five years since 2010-11; to patrons the additional revenue Transperth an unprecedented demand for its services for total boardings by 9.4 per cent, cash and received through the higher fares. It was The Giants, a popular feature of the 2015 Perth SmartRider initial boardings by 7.4 per cent decided to meet this requirement partly International Arts Festival. and fare-paying boardings by 6.9 per cent. by providing a day’s free travel on all During the three-day event (February 13-15, Transperth bus, train and ferry services On a per capita basis, public transport 2015), estimated patronage on Transperth to return $0.68m, and partly through a usage within the Perth metropolitan area bus, train and ferry services was 1.748m total revised fares schedule which came into (including the City of Mandurah) was boardings, based on recorded boardings, effect on November 1, 2014 to cover the 52.2 initial boardings compared with passenger counts using CCTV, and balance $1.375m. 53.4 in 2013-14, down 2.2 per cent. staff monitoring. The decline in per capita usage reflects Free travel for one day was provided on Patronage specific to The Giants event was the fall in patronage combined with an November 3, 2014 and was estimated to estimated at 1.085m – the highest ever for a increase in population albeit at a lower rate have resulted in 503,000 total boardings. special event – comprising 522,000 recorded than previously. The boardings estimate was based on boardings (242,000 on bus, 276,000 on train, recorded boardings on a similar day Free travel on special occasions and 4000 on ferry) and an estimated 563,000 (i.e. a Monday with both schools and unrecorded boardings (bus 94,000, train Free travel to compensate for the tertiary institutions in session). 457,000 and ferry 12,000). carbon tax-related fare increase Free travel on ANZAC Day Boardings were not recorded because The carbon tax, introduced in 2012, added The ANZAC Centenary Day was declared Transperth, for operational and safety reasons approximately $2 million to Transperth a free travel day on all Transperth services. due to the pressure of the large crowds, operating costs. This extra cost was passed Normal boardings for the day were allowed passengers at particular locations to on to public transport users by adding an estimated based on data from Sunday April travel without having to purchase a ticket or tag extra 1.5 percentage points to the projected 26, 2015. System-wide, event-specific total on their SmartRider. increase in CPI of 2.8 per cent applied to boardings were estimated at 110,000. Free travel on November 3, 2014, estimated the new fares schedule that came into effect on July 1, 2012. event-specific free boardings on the ANZAC Centenary Day, and estimated unrecorded boardings during The Giants event (February 13-15, 2015) have been reported as “free travel on special occasions” and form part of total boardings on each mode. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 45
Transperth: Patronage (millions) Buses Total boardings on Transperth buses continued to increase but the 150 rates of increase in the last two years have been significantly below 120 the rates achieved in the past. In 2014-15, total boardings rose to 90 84.143m from 83.714m in 2013-14, up 0.5 per cent, a marginal improvement on an increase of 0.2 per cent in 2013-14. 60 Transperth buses: Patronage (millions) 135.975 100.991 144.130 104.713 149.697 103.437 147.641 104.234 148.762 75.929 80.817 96.051 81.262 86.393 84.597 90.007 82.426 87.829 81.188 86.759 30 0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 100 Fare-paying boardings Cash and SmartRider initial boardings 80 Total initial boardings Total boardings 60 Passenger place kilometres represent the carrying capacity of the 40 39.422 42.590 76.636 42.360 45.703 80.626 43.945 47.489 83.543 43.394 46.903 83.714 42.648 46.192 84.143 Transperth bus, train and ferry network. This metric is based on 20 service kilometres and the average capacity of the fleet, and has been 0 increasing steadily in recent years as new buses and trains come on 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 stream and our networks expand. Fare-paying boardings Cash and SmartRider initial boardings Total boardings Transperth: Passenger place kilometres (millions) 15,000 13,717.6 12,382.9 12,853.7 11,552.2 12,000 10,579.9 9,000 6,000 3,000 0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 46
Total boardings by contract area were: Average boardings on the bus system continued to fall due to the fact that, since 2011-12, bus service kilometres increased at higher rates Contract area 2013-14 2014-15 Change than boardings. Furthermore, in the case of cash and SmartRider Kalamunda 7.580m 7.261m -4.2% initial boardings, a decline was recorded in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Morley 11.399m 11.379m -0.2% Road congestion, particularly in peak periods, and the lack of Canning 8.399m 8.416m 0.2% significant bus priority measures on major roads in Perth, impacts on service reliability and may have affected patronage on Transperth Claremont 4.373m 4.320m -1.2% bus services. Marmion 7.629m 7.510m -1.6% To address this, the PTA’s Bus Priority Program completed a number Midland 2.409m 2.445m 1.5% of initiatives in 2014-15 including: Southern River 3.918m 3.944m 0.7% yy The construction of a left-only turning lane into Hay Street from Fremantle 9.551m 9.412m -1.5% William Street to improve north-bound traffic flows previously Joondalup 7.171m 7.096m -1.0% interfering with bus movements. Rockingham 6.146m 6.155m 0.1% yy Construction of a roundabout on Hospital Avenue at QE2 Medical Centre to facilitate faster turning of the high frequency 950 service. yy Construction of a bus priority turning lane at Albany Highway and Nicholson Road to allow buses to bypass significant traffic congestion. yy Completion of the Cockburn Link bus access tunnel, connecting Cockburn Central Station and Gateways Shopping Centre via a dedicated bus road. 84.143 million total boardings on Transperth buses in 2014-15 Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 47
Trains The decrease in boardings combined with the increase in service Total boardings on our trains recorded a small 1.2 per cent increase in kilometres resulted in average boardings recording a significant 2014-15 to 64.2m, following the 3.3 per cent decline in 2013-14. decline. Total boardings per service kilometre fell five per cent, to 3.622 in 2014-15 from 3.814 in 2013-14. The cash and SmartRider Transperth trains: Patronage (millions) initial boardings number was down 6.8 per cent at 2.273. 75 Ferries 60 The ferry service represents only a very small proportion of Transperth system patronage (less than 0.5 per cent). Fluctuations in the tourism 45 market have a significant impact on ferry boardings with tourists 30 accounting for about half. 36.182 37.884 58.868 38.584 40.355 63.030 40.337 42.184 65.689 38.740 40.615 63.492 38.287 40.294 64.225 15 Transperth ferries: Patronage (millions) 0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 0.5 Fare-paying boardings Cash and SmartRider initial boardings Total boardings 0.4 0.3 Cash and SmartRider initial boardings (including free travel on SmartRider but excluding free train travel within the FTZ) fell 0.2 0.8 per cent and fare-paying boardings fell 1.2 per cent. 0.324 0.342 0.471 0.317 0.335 0.474 0.314 0.333 0.465 0.292 0.310 0.435 0.252 0.273 0.394 0.1 Total boardings by line were: 0.0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Line 2013-14 2014-15 Change Fare-paying boardings Cash and SmartRider initial boardings Total boardings Armadale Line 9.176m 9.067m -1.2% Fremantle Line 8.285m 8.228m -0.7% In 2014-15, total boardings on ferry fell by 9.3 per cent to Joondalup Line 16.897m 17.106m 1.2% 0.394 million from 0.435m in 2013-14. Cash and SmartRider initial Mandurah Line 20.664m 20.700m 0.2% boardings fell 12.1 per cent to 0.273m from 0.310m and fare‑paying boardings were down 13.5 per cent to 0.252m from 0.292m. Midland Line 6.646m 6.661m 0.2% 48
Total boardings per service kilometre fell 12.7 per cent to 10.468 from Transperth: OTR by mode 11.995 in 2013-14, while cash and SmartRider initial boardings fell Proportion of services meeting on-time targets 15.4 per cent to 7.244 from 8.563. 100 Capacity 80 Total capacity provided on the Transperth system increased by 60 6.7 per cent in 2014-15, following a 3.8 per cent increase in 2013-14. 40 During 2014-15, the train network operated 17.73 million service kilometres, up 6.5 per cent from 16.648m service kilometres 20 85.1 95.7 99.2 79.1 94.6 96.7 75.1 93.0 84.7 81.2 94.9 97.8 80.2 95.0 92.0 in 2013‑14. 0 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 Total capacity provided on the train network increased 8.5 per cent to 8544.7m passenger place kilometres in 2014-15 from 7878.1m Bus Train Ferry in 2013-14. The increase in both service kilometres and passenger place Transperth trains kilometres resulted from the delivery of additional B-Series railcars, The service reliability target for Transperth trains is for 95 per cent of allowing for more six-car trains being brought into service during services to arrive within four minutes of the scheduled time. the year in addition to the extension of the Joondalup Line to Butler Station. In 2014-15, on average, 95 per cent of train services met the target, up from 94.9 per cent in 2013-14. Reliability Transperth buses Transperth uses technology-based monitoring methods which allow The service reliability target for Transperth buses is for 80 per cent of precise data-gathering to measure on-time running (OTR). On its bus services to arrive at timing point within four minutes of the scheduled and ferry services, OTR is measured using GPS information functions time, and never leave a terminus, or travel through a mid-way timing in SmartRider, while the train control system is used to measure point early. train OTR. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 49
Reliability is monitored through a random Maintenance This is achieved through regular cleaning and sample of one per cent of trips in each bus periodic large maintenance items such as contract area using the GPS information The Network and Infrastructure (N&I) division high-pressure water cleaning and painting. functions in SmartRider which provides is responsible for the asset management of the urban passenger rail network, the Most of the work undertaken by the PTA an accurate assessment of bus on-time asset management of the country stations, in this area remains unseen by the public. performance. The one per cent sample is the asset investment program (with the However, the impact on our customers if the substantial given that there are more than exception of major projects) and the delivery infrastructure fails is significant, so therefore 14,900 bus trips on a typical weekday. of information technology services. remains a key focus. GPS information functions help to identify under-performing services which, after N&I has a service level agreement with a careful review, can be re‑scheduled to Upgrades TTO which details its responsibility for ensure improved performance. the provision and maintenance of the yy A program to improve the reliability and infrastructure required to operate train disability access of lifts and escalators is In 2014-15, bus services in the CBD were services reliably, efficiently and safely. continuing. Lifts at Warwick, Whitfords, adversely affected by major works resulting in Stirling and Joondalup stations have OTR on Transperth buses falling 1.2 per cent Most of the division’s resources are been completed along with escalators at to 80.2 per cent compared with a significant allocated to maintenance, both planned Warwick, Joondalup and one at Whitfords. 8.2 per cent improvement to 81.2 per cent and breakdown. Routine maintenance is in 2013-14. planned carefully to ensure the infrastructure yy An upgrade to security access systems is safe and highly reliable. This ensures that to the bike shelters was completed in Transperth ferries our customers continue to enjoy a safe April 2015. This new system will increase The service reliability target for the ferry and dependable train service. The division security with ingress and egress to the service is for 98 per cent of services to also deploys its resources to ensure a rapid bike shelters, with patrons required to arrive within three minutes of the scheduled response to any infrastructure faults to register onto the system. time. On average, 92 per cent of services minimise delays and customer impact. yy The new City West substation at met the target in 2014-15 compared with Sutherland Street was delivered into The rail network’s 70 urban stations and 97.8 per cent in 2013-14. This decrease service in April 2015. This new substation 29 country stations are highly visible of 5.8 per cent is attributable to ongoing provides increased traction power supply infrastructure assets. As well as ensuring that construction works associated with the resilience, and improved flexibility for track all station facilities are reliable, considerable development of Elizabeth Quay at and around access to maintain the rail network. effort is made to have them well presented. the Barrack Street ferry terminal. 50
yy The Bus Priority Program delivered road infrastructure upgrades in William Street Perth, Stage 2; bus priority queue-jump lanes at the intersection of Nicholson Road and Albany Highway to counter traffic congestion; and a two-lane roundabout on Aberdare Road, Shenton Park to accommodate the bus terminus at QEII Medical Centre for the high-frequency Route 950 bus service. yy Upgrades to the public address system at Perth, Fremantle, Subiaco and Stirling stations were completed, with Glendalough, Bull Creek, Canning Bridge and Murdoch planned for late 2015. yy The CCTV camera upgrade program Major initiatives yy Additional car parking capacity at Guildford Station is scheduled for completion in delivered 140 digital cameras across Future initiatives include: September 2015, delivering an estimated 16 stations with another 190 cameras at yy The replacement of escalators at Perth 350 bays. 20 stations planned for 2015-16. Underground and Esplanade stations. yy The purchase of a dedicated rail yy A works program to improve the overhead yy The rollout of a modern digital rail mobile infrastructure inspection vehicle to gather line reliability started, and has eliminated radio system over the next five years. asset data. all defects on 50 per cent of the lines. yy The continuation of the change out yy The continuation of the resilience program yy Alignment of overhead line equipment of Passenger Information Displays at to reduce the impact on services following and signalling infrastructure with track at Perth station. incidents on the network. West Leederville and the installation of a crossover at City West have improved yy The delivery of new bus lanes on Stirling the resilience of the system. Highway near UWA and a bus priority queue-jump lane at the Albany Highway intersection with Nicholson Road. Public Transport Authority Annual Report 2014-15 51
CASE STUDY Asbestos management Infrastructure Planning and Land Services IPLS provides the PTA with professional resources to support The IPLS environment branch managed the expenditure of and undertake major planning and business objectives, railway $2.5m relating to asbestos management in 2014-15 and has engineering, and land and environmental management. an approved budget of $1.8m for this task in future years. Environmental management The expenditure is in response to the PTA’s obligations under the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations The IPLS environment branch provides environmental support to the 1996, which require the PTA to identify, regularly inspect whole of the PTA. Key services include: and manage asbestos in its buildings. The PTA has an yy Coordination of environmental approvals Asbestos Working Group, which consists of members from yy Environmental input into Project Definition Plans IPLS, Safety and Strategy, Network and Infrastructure and yy Response to noise and vibration complaints regarding passenger Transperth Buses. The Asbestos Working Group oversees the and freight trains management, review and monitoring of asbestos-containing materials in all areas of the organisation. yy Management of the PTA’s contaminated sites and asbestos- containing buildings The PTA owns 75 buildings which contain asbestos, the majority of which are in regional locations. Asbestos only Land and property services poses a health risk when asbestos fibres can be inhaled. IPLS plans, manages and optimises the PTA’s land assets When asbestos‑containing materials are in good condition (acquisition, disposal, leasing and maintenance). and regularly inspected they pose no health risk to people. The PTA has an Asbestos Management Plan and an Asbestos Rail infrastructure Register which outlines the known locations and condition of The provision of railway engineering expertise from IPLS provides the asbestos in each building and assists in the prioritisation of PTA and other State agencies, design solutions with sufficient detail asbestos removal. to inform planning decisions and provide the basis for costing and scope for the State’s public transport strategies. In 2014-15 the PTA engaged a licenced contractor to inspect all of its regional asbestos buildings. Asbestos-containing materials Route Utilisation Strategy were removed from the Public Transport Centre and PTA‑owned The PTA’s RUS provides a holistic approach to planning for the buildings in Kalgoorlie, Bridgetown, Boyanup, Merredin, operational changes and resulting investment required to meet Watheroo and Mount Barker. forecasted future patronage demands on the urban passenger rail network. 52
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