Handcart Trek Reenactments - Guidelines for Leaders - Church of Jesus Christ
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Published by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Salt Lake City, Utah © 2015 by Intellectual Reserve, Inc. All rights reserved. English approval: 4/16 PD10052956
Contents Purposes of Handcart Trek Reenactments������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Planning a Handcart Trek����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������2 Trek Schedule������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Trek Sites��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Callings, Assignments, and Roles ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Chairperson(s)�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5 Trail Boss������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Company Captains (optional)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Family Group Leaders (“Ma’s” and “Pa’s”)��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Family Youth Leaders (“Big Brothers” and “Big Sisters”; optional)������������������������������������������������������������ 6 Safety and Health Leader�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 6 Medical Team����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6 Food Committee���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Equipment and Transportation Committee �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Family History Coordinator(s)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 7 Music Leader���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 Historian(s)��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Storytelling Coordinator (optional)���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 8 Photographer(s) and Videographer(s) (optional)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 8 Ward Coordinators (optional)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Trail Walkers (optional) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Dance Instructor(s) (optional)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Clothing Coordinator(s) (optional)����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������8 Trek Organization Chart������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 9 “Family” Organization������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 10 Calling and Roles of Family Group Leaders (“Ma’s” and “Pa’s”)���������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 iii
Contents Roles of Ma’s and Pa’s ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 Preparation of Ma’s and Pa’s ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 11 Suggestions for Leading Discussions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 Trek Activities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12 Pulling Handcarts������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 13 Spiritual Activities������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 13 Music �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Women’s Pull��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13 Letter from Parents and “Solo” Time ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 Reenacting Situations and Sharing Stories������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15 Walking for a Pioneer������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 15 Games and Dancing�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 Clothing������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 15 Building or Obtaining Handcarts�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 Historical Accounts������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 16 Safety and Health �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 Safety on the Trail������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 17 Handcart Safety and Care ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 Weather���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Lightning�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Sunscreen and Insect Repellent��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Physical Fitness���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 Water �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 Diet����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 Communication ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 Transportation for Medical Needs���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 19 Lost Participants�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Fire Safety������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Wildfire����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Medical Information and Release Forms����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������20 iv
Contents First Aid Kits��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 20 Emergency Action Plan ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Symptoms of and Treatments for Common Injuries and Illnesses�������������������������������������������������������������������� 21 Dehydration and Heat Exhaustion �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 Heatstroke������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 22 Hypothermia�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 22 Sprains and Strains���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 23 Blisters ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 23 Bleeding���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Insect Stings and Bites ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Standards���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 24 Sleeping Arrangements ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 25 Sanitary Facilities����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Campground Rules������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 25 No-Trace Camping and Trekking ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������25 Appendix 1: Clothing Patterns������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 26 Two-Seam Gathered Skirt���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 Simple Apron with Ribbon Ties�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 28 Pioneer Shirt �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 30 Appendix 2: Building Handcarts �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 32 v
Purposes of Handcart Trek Reenactments A handcart trek family kneels in prayer on the pampas of Argentina. Purposes of testimonies, build unity, do family history, and learn core gospel principles. Treks can also help youth learn Handcart Trek about who they are and what they may become. Reenactments “Brothers and sisters, join with us and begin now to prepare for a spiritual journey . . . by From 1856 to 1860, about 3,000 Latter-day Saints pulled walking in the footsteps of our beloved pioneers handcarts across the American plains to gather in the in every land. We must be sure that the legacy Salt Lake Valley. These pioneers trekked more than a of faith received from them is never lost. Let thousand miles through heat and cold; through mud, their heroic lives touch our hearts, and espe sand, and sometimes snow; and through rivers and over cially the hearts of our youth, so the fire of true mountains. They faced trials that required great faith testimony and unwavering love for the Lord and perseverance. and His Church will blaze brightly within each one of us as it did in our faithful pioneers.” To help youth learn from the experiences of the hand- —Elder M. Russell Ballard cart pioneers, stakes and wards may choose to plan “Faith in Every Footstep” handcart trek reenactments for youth conferences. Ensign, Nov. 1996, 25 Treks provide powerful opportunities to strengthen 1
Purposes of Handcart Trek Reenactments Treks that focus on gospel principles that the pioneers exemplified will have lasting impressions on the youth. Planning a Some of these principles are summarized below. Handcart Trek Faith. Faith in Jesus Christ sustained Latter-day Saint Handcart treks require substantial preparation to pioneers as they entered the waters of baptism, jour- achieve meaningful purposes with minimal risks. They neyed to America, endured adversities, and helped normally require more planning and resources than build Zion. Pioneer treks can help today’s youth de- other youth conferences. Planning usually begins at velop this same faith. Youth can also learn how to least a year in advance. be modern pioneers as they establish faith-centered lives and traditions. Stake presidencies oversee all aspects of stake treks, and bishoprics oversee all aspects of ward treks. They Obedience. In gathering to the American West, the call and assign others to do most of the planning and pioneers were obeying the call of a prophet, Brigham activities, but treks are conducted under their direction. Young. Today’s handcart treks can help youth learn They approve the trek’s theme, objectives, and plans. the importance of obeying God’s commandments and These leaders provide priesthood oversight and help following the teachings of His prophets. deepen the spiritual experience. They also ensure that Church policies are followed. Charity. The stories of the pioneers are replete with examples of people who showed charity to each other in Stake handcart treks are planned and carried out by the the most adverse circumstances. In trek reenactments, stake Aaronic Priesthood–Young Women committee, youth have many opportunities to experience the bless- under the direction of the stake presidency (see Hand- ings of giving and receiving charity. book 2: Administering the Church [2010], 18.3.9). The stake presidency invites youth to attend the committee’s Sacrifice. Latter-day Saint converts made great sacri meetings and to work with the committee in planning fices by leaving homelands, families, and friends to the trek (see Handbook 2, 8.15.5, 10.10.5). Ward handcart gather to Zion. When tragedy struck two of the hand- treks are planned and carried out by the bishopric youth cart companies in 1856, Church members made great committee, with approval from the stake presidency sacrifices to rescue and care for these Saints. As youth (see Handbook 2, 18.2.9). Other people assist as outlined participate in handcart treks, they will have opportuni- in “Callings, Assignments, and Roles” (see pages 5–9). ties to make sacrifices and to experience the blessings that come through sacrifice. Treks are usually for youth ages 14 through 18. The youth should help plan and carry out all aspects of the Persevering through adversity. The handcart pioneers’ trek. For example, they help determine the theme and trek was arduous. Some of these Saints faced harsh are involved in the publicity, music, activities, and menu winter storms; had inadequate clothing, shelter, and food; planning. They also help plan and carry out supporting and suffered illness and death. Clinging to their faith in events before and after the trek. God and their vision of Zion, they persevered through the most daunting conditions. Treks can help today’s youth If a stake or ward does not have enough youth for a trek, learn to persevere, turn to God in times of trial, and gain they could join with another stake or ward. In that case, a testimony that He will help bear their burdens. one member of the stake presidency or bishopric from 2
Planning a Handcart Trek each stake or ward should provide priesthood oversight ·· What preventative measures can we take to ensure in planning and carrying out the trek. For guidelines for that our trek is carried out safely? multistake activities, see Handbook 2, 13.3.1. ·· What will the theme and objectives be? What gospel principles should the trek focus on? (See page 2.) “It is good to look to the past to gain apprecia The theme and objectives should help the youth relate tion for the present and perspective for the what they learn from the trek experience and the pio- future. It is good to look upon the virtues of neer stories to their own lives. those who have gone before, to gain strength for whatever lies ahead. It is good to reflect During the planning, adults and youth give careful atten- upon the work of those who labored so hard tion to the following: and gained so little in this world, but out of ·· Spiritual development. Treks should be planned whose dreams and early plans, so well nur to strengthen testimonies and foster personal tured, has come a great harvest of which growth, not just to be recreational activities. A trek we are the beneficiaries. Their tremendous should provide opportunities for youth to apply example can become a compelling motivation gospel principles and feel support in living them. for us all, for each of us is a pioneer in his own ·· Physical preparation. Treks require physical stam- life, often in his own family, and many of us ina. Each participant should be encouraged to eat pioneer daily in trying to establish a gospel a healthy diet, exercise regularly, and get sufficient foothold in distant parts of the world.” rest to prepare for the trek. —President Gordon B. Hinckley ·· Physical and mental challenges. Some youth “The Faith of the Pioneers” and adults who participate may have physical or Ensign, July 1984, 3 mental challenges. Leaders make preparations to accommodate any special needs for food, medica tion, equipment, supervision, and safety for these individuals. Those who plan a handcart trek should prayerfully con- ·· Safety and health. Efforts to create a safe trek experience should be integrated throughout the sider the needs of the youth and determine how a trek planning process. For guidance on safety and can help fulfill those needs. The following questions are health matters, see pages 17–24. important to address: ·· Why are we doing a trek? What do we want the If appropriate preparations are made and the trek is young men and young women to learn? properly conducted, it can be a life-changing experi- ·· Where can we go? ence for the youth and the leaders. ·· When should we go? To avoid placing undue burden on leaders and finances, ·· Where can we get handcarts? Will we have to build a stake or ward should not hold a trek every year. our own? ·· Who will be the leader(s)? All trek plans should follow the Church policies outlined ·· Who else will be involved? in chapters 13 and 21 of Handbook 2. For youth confer- ence guidelines, see Handbook 2, 13.4. For funding and ·· What is the budget? (See Handbook 2, 13.2.8–9.) travel policies, see 13.2.8 and 13.6.24. 3
Trek Schedule Youth pull handcarts along Wyoming’s Sweetwater River. Trek Schedule site-specific rules. For information about these sites, see treks.lds.org. Trek schedules are determined by stake or ward leaders. Treks may also be held on public or private land. When These leaders seek inspiration in deciding which activi- such sites are used, leaders should obtain the necessary ties to do and when to do them (see “Trek Activities” on approvals and ensure that trekkers respect the rights pages 12–15). and property of others. Leaders should know in advance any camping and fire Trek Sites regulations for their trek site, and during the trek they ensure that participants comply with these regulations. The Church owns several properties in the United The safety and health leader ensures that the use of fire, States and one in Argentina that may be used for hand- where permitted, is appropriate for existing conditions. cart treks. To plan a trek at one of these sites, a stake or ward leader contacts a site representative to obtain Leaders should know where the nearest medical and information about reservations and fees, availability of emergency facilities are located and how to contact them. handcarts and other resources, leadership training, and 4
Callings, Assignments, and Roles Callings, ·· Oversee all aspects of the trek itself, such as coordi nating the efforts of others, maintaining the sched- Assignments, ule (or adjusting it as needed), answering questions, resolving problems, and helping participants have a meaningful experience. and Roles “I will never get over being thankful to [the Because handcart treks usually require more planning pioneers]; I hope you never get over being and resources than other youth conferences, stake lead- thankful to them. I hope that we will always ers call and assign others—including youth—to help remember them and let us read again and the Aaronic Priesthood–Young Women committee plan again, and read to our children or our chil and carry out stake treks. The bishopric calls and assigns dren’s children, the accounts of those who others to help the bishopric youth committee plan and suffered so much.” carry out ward treks. —President Gordon B. Hinckley In Church News, July 31, 1999, 5 This section outlines callings and assignments for trek reenactments. Stake presidencies and bishoprics use dis- cretion and inspiration in determining (1) which of these callings and assignments are needed and (2) how the call- Trail Boss A trail boss leads participants along the trek route. ings and assignments are best organized for their trek. A member of the stake presidency or bishopric is often Chairperson(s) assigned to serve in this position, but any qualified man or woman could be assigned. The stake presidency or bishopric may assign the Young Men and Young Women presidencies to serve This person should be familiar with the route and also as chairpersons for the trek. However, because of the be comfortable leading a large group of people outdoors. time, energy, and commitment required for a trek, He or she should be in good physical condition and be many stake presidencies or bishoprics call an individual able to relate well with youth. The trail boss sets the or a husband and wife to be the trek chairperson(s). pace for the handcarts, usually an average of about two The chairperson(s) has the following responsibilities: miles an hour. He or she also maintains communication ·· Serve as member(s) of the stake Aaronic Priest- between the trekkers and the support staff. hood–Young Women committee or the bishopric youth committee while the trek is being planned and until its follow-up activities have concluded. Company Captains (optional) When a trek involves many participants, company ·· Establish the trek’s theme, objectives, and sched- captains may be assigned to oversee four or five trek ule by working with (1) the stake presidency and “families.” Company captains: other members of the stake Aaronic Priesthood– Young Women committee (including youth who ·· Work closely with trek chairperson(s) and the trail are invited to participate on the committee) or boss to keep these leaders informed about the (2) the bishop and other members of the bishopric condition of the companies. youth committee. ·· Communicate instructions and other information ·· Oversee all aspects of preparing for the trek, such from the trek chairperson(s) and trail boss to their as training and advising leaders, planning pretrek companies. activities, and coordinating the efforts of leaders and committees. ·· Help with activities. 5
Callings, Assignments, and Roles Youth gather for a devotional during their handcart trek reenactment. Company captains need to be in good physical condi the family’s activities, games, devotionals, meal prepara- tion, feel comfortable in the outdoors, and enjoy work- tion, and so on. ing with youth. Safety and Health Leader Family Group Leaders The safety and health leader provides a safety briefing (“Ma’s” and “Pa’s”) to all participants before the trek and provides a safety Each trek “family” consists of 8 to 10 members who are briefing at the beginning of each day. This person also assigned by trek leaders (see page 10). A married couple monitors current weather conditions and oversees all (or two single adults) is called to oversee each family. aspects of fire safety, water crossings, and uphill and These leaders are usually referred to as “Ma” and “Pa.” downhill travel. He or she ensures that participants For more information, see pages 10–12. have access to drinking water, food, and proper sanita- tion. The safety and health leader reports directly to the chairperson(s). Family Youth Leaders (“Big Brothers” and “Big Sisters”; optional) One or two exemplary, mature youth could be desig- Medical Team Licensed health care professionals should be present for nated as youth leaders for each trek family. Under the the entire trek. At least one physician or other skilled direction of the Ma and Pa, youth leaders may help lead 6
Callings, Assignments, and Roles health care professional should participate in the trek. water is available, and secure all needed equipment In addition, one nurse or emergency medical technician (including portable toilets if necessary). Members of this (EMT) is recommended for every 50 to 100 participants. committee may also be assigned to make travel arrange- It may be helpful to have some members of the group ments (for travel policies, see Handbook 2, 13.6.24). be trained in wilderness first aid. Before the trek, the medical team can train adult and Family History Coordinator(s) youth leaders in how to (1) plan activities with minimal One or more family history coordinators are called to risk, (2) prevent accidents and injuries, and (3) recog- help youth research their ancestors (or another person’s nize early symptoms of illness. ancestors) before the trek. Ideally, each young man and young woman will have a family history story to share. During the trek, the medical team should be prepared If possible, trek participants are encouraged to do with all the medicine, emergency medical equipment, temple work for one or more of their ancestors. release forms (see page 20), and transportation needed for their group. Some members of the medical team walk with participants to help with minor needs and observe conditions, while other members follow in a vehicle that is out of sight, ready to help if needed. Medical team members should wear something that makes them easy to identify, such as a red armband or hat. For more information about safety and medical matters, see pages 17–24. Food Committee The food committee plans the menu for the trek, as- sisted by some of the youth, and purchases the food. Committee members may prepare the meals for the entire group, or trek families could prepare their own meals using food that the committee provides. To keep food safe, committee members should follow the guide- lines in the Food Safety Fact Sheet on safety.lds.org. Equipment and Transportation Committee Music Leader Members of the equipment and transportation commit- A music leader is called to prepare and lead songs for tee arrange for a sufficient number of handcarts (and the trek and related activities. oversee building them if necessary), ensure that clean 7
Callings, Assignments, and Roles Historian(s) Ward Coordinators (optional) One or more historians are called to record events along For stake treks, it is often helpful for each bishopric the trail and to take pictures or videos. If a storytelling to assign a ward coordinator. He or she keeps ward coordinator, photographer, and videographer are called, members informed about pretrek activities, oversees they work under the direction of the historian. the registration of ward members, helps with publicity, and assists in other ways as needed, such as collecting Storytelling Coordinator (optional) letters from parents for “solo” time (see pages 14–15). A storytelling coordinator may be called to research pioneer stories to share or reenact during the trek. Trail Walkers (optional) Working under the direction of the historian, he or she Some leaders may be assigned to serve as trail walk- could assign each person a handcart pioneer to learn ers. These leaders often include the stake presidency, about (or help each person identify a handcart pioneer bishopric, Young Men and Young Women leaders, and to learn about). He or she could also prepare stories others. Instead of being assigned to specific families, and scripts for vignettes during the trek. It is important they move among the entire group, giving encourage- that these stories be historically accurate. For a collec- ment and support. They also help families or individu- tion of such stories, see treks.lds.org. als who might be struggling. Photographer(s) and Videographer(s) Dance Instructor(s) (optional) (optional) One or more dance instructors may be assigned to One or more photographers and videographers may teach pioneer dances to the youth and to oversee a be called to make a visual record of the trek. Work- dance activity during the trek. ing under the direction of the historian, they may put together a video presentation to show after the trek and Clothing Coordinator(s) (optional) for future reference. This effort should not be elaborate One or more clothing coordinators may be assigned or expensive. to help participants obtain or make pioneer clothing. For simple clothing patterns, see pages 26–31. 8
Callings, Assignments, and Roles Trek Organization Chart This chart outlines callings and assignments for handcart trek reenactments. Stake presidencies and bishoprics use discretion and inspiration in determining (1) which of these callings and assignments are needed and (2) how the callings and assignments are best organized for their trek. Stake Presidency or Bishopric Chairperson(s) and Other Members of the Stake Aaronic Priesthood– Young Women Committee or Bishopric Youth Committee Trail Boss Safety and Health Ward Coordinators Leader (optional) Company Captains Medical Team Trail Walkers (optional) (optional) Family Group Leaders Food Committee Dance Instructor(s) (“Ma’s” and “Pa’s”) (optional) Equipment and Family Youth Leaders Transportation Committee Clothing Coordinator(s) (“Big Brothers” (optional) and “Big Sisters”; optional) Family History Coordinator(s) Music Leader Historian(s) Storytelling Coordinator (optional) Photographer(s) and Videographer(s) (optional) 9
“Family” Organization “Family” Organization Calling and Roles of Family Group The trek chairperson(s) works with other trek leaders to assign each young man and young woman to a “family” Leaders of 8 to 10 members, depending on the number of youth and the availability of handcarts. Leaders seek inspira- tion as they assign youth to trek families. Each family should have a variety of ages and physical abilities. (“Ma’s” and “Pa’s”) Families should also have a good balance of young men Priesthood leaders consider the calling of family group and young women. They are led by a “Ma” and “Pa.” leaders (“Ma’s” and “Pa’s”) very carefully and as di- rected by the Spirit. These adults will help set the tone of spirituality and unity that is essential in making the trek successful. They should be able to relate to youth and teach effectively. They also need to be able to make the time commitment and have the stamina to partici- pate fully in the trek. Roles of Ma’s and Pa’s ·· Enhance the spiritual experience. The Ma and Pa prepare themselves spiritually and seek the Spirit in all they do and say. One of their most important responsibilities is helping the youth benefit spiritu- ally from the trek. Music, stories, testimonies, expres- sions of love, and family discussions help create an environment in which the Spirit can teach and inspire youth. ·· Build unity. The Ma and Pa strive to help members of their group become unified and develop support- ive friendships. They ask group members to stay together rather than join with other groups. To help build unity, the Ma and Pa model in their relation- ship the skills they hope the youth will acquire or increase. They work together in harmony, support one another, and have fun together. ·· Challenge youth to participate wholeheartedly. The Ma and Pa make every effort to help the youth in their group become engaged in the trek. Rather than doing most of the work themselves, they help all group members work together and make con- tributions. The Ma and Pa encourage youth to step outside of their comfort zones, although they must not require them to do anything against their will. 10
Calling and Roles of Family Group Leaders ·· Set expectations. As the trek begins, the Ma and encourage youth to be safe and to protect them- Pa discuss expectations with their group. For exam- selves from injury and illness. They observe each ple, they could explain the importance of working of their youth to ensure that they are not sick or together to make the trek experience beneficial unduly struggling. If any questions or concerns for everyone. They help the youth understand that arise, they contact a member of the medical team this doesn’t happen automatically but will require immediately. the efforts of each person. Another expectation to discuss is the importance of showing courtesy and ·· Keep track of participants. The Ma and Pa keep respect to each other. track of the youth in their group at all times. ·· Keep things positive. The Ma and Pa set a good example of being positive. They should be loving, “I wish to remind everyone . . . that the com humble, and firm, while also having fun. If one or forts we have, the peace we have, and, most more youth are detracting from the experience of important, the faith and knowledge of the others, the Ma and Pa counsel with them. Most treks have challenges, but the Ma and Pa can help things of God that we have, were bought with the group face them positively and prayerfully. a terrible price by those who have gone before us. Sacrifice has always been a part of the ·· Help the family youth leaders (“big brothers” gospel of Jesus Christ. The crowning element and “big sisters”). If the family has youth leaders, the Ma and Pa support them in fulfilling their re of our faith is our conviction of our living God, sponsibilities. These responsibilities could include the Father of us all, and of His Beloved Son, helping lead the family in games, devotionals, the Redeemer of the world.” meal preparation, and problem solving. —President Gordon B. Hinckley ·· Be there. The Ma and Pa should be present for the “Our Mission of Saving” entire trek and walk with their group the entire way. Ensign, Nov. 1991, 54 They seek to understand the thoughts, feelings, and personalities of each group member. They talk with and listen to the youth individually and as a group. ·· Be flexible. Some families are outgoing and lively, while others are quiet and reserved. The Ma and Pa guide their group’s development according to the Preparation of Ma’s and Pa’s personalities of those in the group, with the assis- Spiritual Preparation tance of the Spirit. Pioneer treks require spiritual preparation. Suggestions include: ·· Lead family discussions. The Ma and Pa encour- age group members to share their thoughts and ·· Having personal and family prayer each day. feelings about their experiences. They encourage ·· Listening to and heeding the Spirit. group discussions in formal and informal settings, such as mealtimes, campfires, and devotionals. ·· Studying the Book of Mormon and other scriptures The Ma and Pa also share their own experiences, regularly, giving special attention to the gospel prin- talk about their own feelings, and testify of truth. ciples that can be taught on trek. Suggestions for leading discussions are provided ·· Going to the temple regularly. on page 12. ·· Learning about Church history, ancestors, and the ·· Maintain hydration and encourage safety. The handcart pioneers. Ma and Pa ensure that all group members (includ- ·· Improving teaching and listening skills. ing themselves) drink plenty of water. They also 11
Calling and Roles of Family Group Leaders Physical Preparation To conclude, someone could share scriptures that are Pioneer treks require physical stamina, which leaders relevant to the discussion, and then the Ma, the Pa, or can develop by obeying the Word of Wisdom, eating a one or more of the youth could share their testimonies. healthy diet, and exercising regularly. Physical prepa- If the Ma and Pa struggle to get the discussion started, ration cannot be completed in a short period of time. they could begin at a point in the circle and invite each Ma’s and Pa’s should be prepared to walk three miles person to respond to a question. The Ma and Pa could an hour and be capable of walking up to 15 miles a day then follow up with questions that encourage further while pulling a heavy handcart over rough terrain. discussion and application. Everyone should be encour- aged to share, but no one should feel required. Basic Skills Ma’s and Pa’s should have the following skills or The Ma and Pa listen carefully to what each person says consider learning them: fire building, knot tying, rain and give reinforcement. Youth should know that their protection on the trail and in camp, outdoor meal prep- ideas are heard and valued. Generally the Ma and Pa aration, basic first aid (see pages 21–24), and no-trace should do more listening than talking. camping and trekking (see page 25). The Ma and Pa ensure that participants do not criticize, Suggestions for Leading judge, or blame others. If negative feelings about others are expressed, the Ma and Pa let the group know that Discussions the intent of discussions is for individuals to share in- Both formal and informal discussions can help youth sights and feelings about themselves—and about others ponder the trek experience and the gospel in their lives. if those feelings are edifying. For a formal discussion, the Ma and Pa could gather their group and sit in a circle. The Ma or Pa could share Trek Activities a pioneer story, ask one of the youth to share a story, or share thoughts about an experience from the day. The Ma and Pa could then ask questions to start the As adults and youth develop a schedule for the trek, discussion. These questions should invite reflection they plan activities that will build faith and foster unity. and introspection. Questions could include: They schedule these activities according to local needs ·· What parallels do you see between your own life and circumstances. Activities should be linked to the and the experiences of the pioneers? trek’s theme and objectives. ·· In what ways are you a pioneer? ·· How do you feel about the trek so far? This section outlines some activity ideas. Each of these ·· What are you learning from this experience? activities can contribute to a successful trek, but they are not all necessary. Stake and ward leaders may ·· What challenges do the youth of the Church face today? How can learning about the experiences of also plan other appropriate activities. Leaders should the pioneers help you face your challenges? be careful not to overschedule. Stake presidencies and ·· How can the decisions you make now affect your bishoprics use discretion and inspiration in determining future? How can your decisions affect other people? which activities to include. How can they affect the generations that come after you? 12
Trek Activities Young women participate in a women’s pull in Córdoba, Argentina. Pulling Handcarts Music A primary activity of handcart treks is pulling a loaded The sacred hymns of the Church add spirituality to a handcart along a trail. This activity is typically part of handcart trek. Other songs the pioneers would have each day of the trek, with at least one day in which the sung can add fun. Some stakes and wards organize youth pull handcarts for a long and appropriately diffi youth choirs for their trek. Youth could also share their cult period. Pulling handcarts helps the youth discover musical talents in other ways. Music that is inspirational their own strengths and the strengths of others. It can and fun enriches the trek. also help them increase their faith in and dependence on the Lord. Treks help youth learn to work together to Women’s Pull accomplish a goal they could not do alone. Some stakes and wards include a women’s pull as part of their handcart trek. In this activity, the young women Spiritual Activities pull the handcarts alone for a distance while the young Leaders could schedule regular times for participants to men watch quietly. Before the women’s pull, leaders pause to ponder their experiences and seek the Spirit. could establish a historical context by explaining that Some examples may include devotionals, testimony many women handcart pioneers pulled handcarts with- meetings, scripture study time, family home evening, out the assistance of men, sometimes due to the death and journal writing. or illness of their husbands and sons. 13
Trek Activities To prepare for the women’s pull, the young women Often the letters are given to youth to read during a and young men are typically separated and hear brief “solo” time—a time when they can be alone. Before talks from their leaders. As guided by the Spirit, lead- the letters are delivered, the stake president, bishop, or ers could discuss topics such as sacrifice, honoring the someone he designates could teach the youth about priesthood, respecting women, preparing for mother- personal revelation and listening for the promptings hood and fatherhood, morality, or missionary service. of the Holy Ghost to guide them in making important After these brief gatherings, the young women pull decisions. The speaker could also suggest how to use the loaded handcarts over a difficult part of the trail. the “solo” time. Ideas include prayer, personal evalua- The young men watch silently and respectfully, either tion, journal writing, and meditation. from a distance or beside the trail. The women’s pull can be a very important part of the trek. If the hearts of the youth have been prepared by the Spirit, this activity can help teach gospel principles such as faith, obedience, love, and sacrifice. The young women will learn that they can accomplish many things by relying on their own strength and their faith in the Lord. The young men will long remember the effort and strength of the young women. Participants will also have a greater appreciation for the accomplishments of the pioneers. During the women’s pull, leaders should (1) watch for signs of distress in those pulling the handcarts and (2) be prepared to prevent injuries and runaway carts. Symbolizing the absence of the young men by calling them to serve in the Mormon Battalion is historically inaccurate and is therefore inappropriate. The march of the Mormon Battalion occurred 10 years before handcart travel began. Letter from Parents and After these remarks, the young men and young women “Solo” Time are given their letters. Each of them finds a quiet place Stake or ward leaders could invite parents to write a to read the letter, think about what it says, and listen for letter to their son or daughter that will be delivered the promptings of the Holy Ghost. sometime during the trek. The youth typically are not told in advance that their parents are writing this letter. Leaders ensure that each young man and young Parents are invited to express their love, testimony, and woman receives a letter. A grandparent, bishop, home other thoughts and feelings with their son or daughter. teacher, or other influential adult could write the letter if a parent cannot. 14
Clothing Although youth should have privacy for their “solo” will walk on trek as if they were that person and will try time, leaders instruct them to stay close to the group to to do the things that he or she would have done on the be safe. Leaders also ensure that all youth remain in journey to Zion. They could also share their pioneer’s sight during “solo” time. story with the other youth. “In recent years, the number of treks has Games and Dancing increased in areas that are far removed from Leaders could schedule opportunities for the youth to the handcart sites on the Mormon Trail. In our play simple games, either in their groups or as an entire experiences with treks in Argentina, we have stake or ward. Leaders could also schedule time for the seen that the stories and spirit of the faithful youth to learn pioneer dances. handcart pioneers reach across languages, cultures, and borders and profoundly touch Clothing the hearts of trek participants, both young and old. Treks teach the principles of the gospel to youth around the world and inspire them to Where possible, leaders and youth are encouraged to be better members of the Church.” wear pioneer-style clothing. Doing so helps participants —Elder and Sister Flinders immerse themselves in the trek experience. It can also Trek Coordinators for Argentina foster a sense of unity among the youth and help re- move social barriers that may exist. In obtaining or making pioneer clothing, leaders and youth should not spend excessive time or money. Reenacting Situations and Many items can be found in existing wardrobes or at Sharing Stories secondhand stores. For simple clothing patterns, see During the trek, leaders could help the youth reenact pages 26–31. situations that were common along the trail, such as a mother carrying an infant, an injury that requires a Ideally, young women’s blouses should be lightweight youth to use crutches or be carried, or a handcart that and long-sleeved, and their skirts should reach the breaks down, requiring the youth to carry the cargo midcalf, with bloomers or shorts underneath to prevent themselves for a while. chafing. Lightweight, long-sleeved shirts and comfort able, loose-fitting pants are recommended for the young Participants could also share stories that will help each men. Cotton fabrics are generally recommended. other appreciate the faith, obedience, and sacrifice of the pioneers. For a collection of historically accurate To help reduce the likelihood of blisters, participants pioneer stories, see treks.lds.org. are encouraged to wear (1) walking or hiking shoes that are broken in and (2) two pairs of socks at a time. Ideally the inner sock is thin and synthetic, while the outer sock Walking for a Pioneer is wool or a wool blend. Socks that wick away moisture In advance, youth could research or be given the name are the most helpful. Socks that are a wool-synthetic and brief biography of a handcart pioneer. They could blend can also help reduce the potential for blisters. be asked to study the biography with the idea that they 15
Building or Obtaining Handcarts Youth from Buenos Aires begin their handcart trek at the Kilgruman farm. To help protect from sun and insects, participants are at other locations, stakes or wards may rent handcarts, encouraged to wear long sleeves, wide-brimmed hats borrow them from other units, or build their own. or bonnets, and sunglasses. For a sample plan for building handcarts, see page 32. Clothing should be appropriate for the weather condi- tions that might occur. Trekkers should bring protective over-clothing if rain or cold weather is likely. If they get Historical Accounts wet, they should put on dry clothes as soon as possible. Pioneer stories, especially firsthand accounts of hand- cart pioneers, are very effective in helping youth learn The wearing of white clothing to represent deceased persons the lessons of faith, obedience, and sacrifice that the or angels from the other side of the veil is not to be included pioneers exemplified. Leaders ensure that any stories as part of treks. that are told and reenacted during the trek are histori cally accurate. For a collection of historically accurate Building or Obtaining pioneer stories, see treks.lds.org. Handcarts For treks at Church-owned agricultural properties that allow treks, handcarts are provided at the site. For treks 16
Safety and Health Safety and Health ·· Watch out for cattle and wildlife along the trail and don’t bother them. Because handcart treks are held in an outdoor setting and involve strenuous activity, they have inherent risks. Handcart Safety and Care Leaders should take all necessary precautions to ensure Leaders should be aware of the hazards associated that participants are safe throughout the trek. Leaders with handcarts and ensure that all handcarts are well focus on preventing illness or injury and on being pre- constructed and able to carry trek supplies safely. pared to provide treatment if necessary. The following guidelines can help participants avoid injuring themselves and others: All leaders should be trained to monitor the hydration and general well-being of participants. They should be ·· Do not ride in the handcart, except in an emergency. trained to look for symptoms of injuries and illnesses ·· Do not run with the handcart. Trek participants can and to understand the correct treatment. Injuries and easily trip and get run over by the wheels. illnesses could include dehydration, heat exhaustion, ·· Stay away from the wheels. Clothing, especially hypothermia, asthma, blisters, cuts, sprains, insect stings dresses, can get caught in them. and bites, snakebites, allergic reactions, eye irritation, ·· When going up or down steep hills, have only one and broken bones. Leaders should also be aware of and handcart go at a time. prepared for weather-related hazards. ·· When going down steep hills, attach a rope to the Participants must act in a way that does not endanger back of the handcart and have people hold it to help slow down the cart. You could also turn the themselves or others. handcart around and take it down the hill back- ward. Always keep it under control. For more information, see “Tracy’s Trek” on safety.lds.org. Leaders might consider sharing this video series with all ·· When a handcart stops, pull it to the side of the trek participants. trail to allow others to pass. When stopping on a hill, place rocks or other objects behind or in front of the wheels so the handcart does not roll. Safety on the Trail Handcarts should be treated with care, as follows: The following guidelines can help participants protect everyone’s safety while on the trail: ·· Do not pull handcarts behind vehicles; they should be pushed or pulled by hand only. ·· Stay behind the trail boss, who sets the pace for the trek. The pace is usually an average of about ·· When stopping a handcart, gently lower the shaft two miles an hour so that everyone can keep up. to the ground. Never drop the shaft. Do not sit or stand on the shaft when it is on the ground. ·· Stay with your group and help pull the handcart. ·· Do not overload a handcart. ·· Every 20 to 30 minutes, stop for a short water break, allowing time for everyone to drink. ·· Do not pull a loaded handcart sideways on a steep incline, with one wheel consistently lower than the ·· Stay on the trails or in approved areas. other. If most of the weight is on one wheel, it can break or the handcart can overturn. For these same ·· Immediately communicate with the trail boss, the reasons, do not park a loaded handcart with one safety and health leader, and the medical staff if wheel considerably lower than the other. there is any type of emergency. ·· Avoid going over large rocks or into holes. 17
Safety and Health ·· Do not deface the surface of a handcart, such as by Lightning typically strikes the tallest object in the area writing, carving, or painting. and is attracted to metal objects. Leaders should move ·· Watch for potential wear and breakdown of the participants away from their handcarts toward the handcart. lowest spot in the area. Everyone should spread out as much as possible to minimize the chance of multiple Weather people being struck. Participants should keep their feet close together and stay as low as possible, with no other Weather can change rapidly, so leaders and participants part of their body touching the ground. Minimizing should be prepared for both hot and cold conditions. body contact with the ground reduces the risk of being There is always the possibility of rain during a trek. hit. If someone is struck, the medical team treats and Especially in mountainous or wilderness areas, storms transports the person immediately. can be life threatening. The two greatest dangers from For more information, see “Sam Cloud: Lightning rainstorms are lightning and hypothermia. Safety” on safety.lds.org. Leaders might consider shar- If rain is expected, precautions should be taken to keep ing this video with all trek participants. people dry. Jackets and rainwear should be kept handy. Participants should have rain boots or an extra pair of Sunscreen and Insect Repellent shoes and socks. Also, wet pants can cause chafing if All participants should have access to sunscreen and considerable walking is done after getting wet. Chafing insect repellent. Participants should apply sunscreen is more frequent in hot temperatures. to all exposed parts of the body before exposure to the sun—and then reapply it throughout the day. They If a severe storm occurs on the first day, groups should should apply insect repellent to skin, clothing, shoes, be prepared to change their itinerary. Storms may neces- and hats as needed. sitate complete route changes. For more information, see the Severe Weather Planning Physical Fitness Fact Sheet on safety.lds.org. Treks are physically demanding. Participants should be physically fit enough to safely hike the distances Lightning involved, unless they have a limiting disability. Each Before leaving for the trek, participants should be person should be able to walk three miles on level instructed on what to do in a lightning storm. Because ground in 60 minutes or less without undue stress. light travels much faster than sound, the time between Taking practice hikes and preparing to walk uphill a lightning bolt and thunderclap will tell how far away will also be beneficial. Many participants will benefit the lightning is. Each 5-second count equals one mile. from improving their physical fitness before a trek. If the time between a lightning flash and a thunderclap For more information, see “Get in Shape” on safety.lds is 15 seconds or less (three miles or closer), a lightning .org. Leaders might consider sharing this video with all strike may be imminent, and leaders should take pre- trek participants. cautions. Other signs of an imminent lightning strike include tingling of the skin or hair standing on end. 18
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