FISH TERMINOLOGIES Historic Characterisation Thesaurus - Report Format
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FISH TERMINOLOGIES
Historic Characterisation Thesaurus
Report Format: Hierarchical listing - alpha
Notes: Combined HLC and HSC terminology.
Date: February 2021ACTIVE NAVIGATION CHANNEL HANGARS
SN Sea or river channels, charted or otherwise, RUNWAY
recorded as in active use by present shipping
AIRPORT
traffic, whatever the channels' date of origin.
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT SN Large-scale commercial base for air travel.
BT NAVIGATION CHANNEL CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT AIR TRANSPORT
AGGREGATE DREDGING RT AIR TERMINAL
SN Areas characterised by the extraction of sand AIRFIELD
and gravel by dredging from the sea floor, for CONTROL COMPLEX
use principally in construction and civil RUNWAY
engineering. Also includes associated onshore
ALLOTMENTS
facilities such as wharves, and aggregates
processing areas. SN Land, often public, let out to individuals or an
CL INDUSTRY individual for the purposes of cultivation or other
BT EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY land use. Often in numerous small parcels,
RT AGGREGATES QUARRY sometimes individually fenced.
CL ENCLOSURE
AGGREGATES QUARRY BT FIELD SYSTEM
SN Areas of excavation from which sand and gravel CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE
are obtained for use principally in construction BT MARKET GARDEN
and civil engineering. Includes directly associated RT MODERN ENCLOSED LAND
facilities for aggregates processing. RECENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
CL INDUSTRY
AMALGAMATED FIELDS
BT QUARRY
RT AGGREGATE DREDGING SN Enlarged fields, created by the amalgamation by
boundary removal of smaller fields, mainly since
AGRICULTURAL HAMLET the 19th century and usually since the Second
SN A small settlement containing two or more World War. Usually to ease mechanised working
farmsteads, but few amenities. Typical rural and increase productivity.
settlement form away from central province. CL ENCLOSURE
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT BT FIELD SYSTEM
BT HAMLET RT MODERN ENCLOSED LAND
AIR TERMINAL AMUSEMENTS
SN Buildings and their directly associated grounds at SN An area or place for recreation, typically with
an airport from where passengers await, electronic game machines and gambling
embark and disembark from an aircraft. machines.
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
BT AIR TRANSPORT BT INDOOR RECREATION
NT TERMINAL BUILDING
ANCHORAGE
RT AIRPORT
SN An area of sea or coast where vessels anchor,
AIR TRANSPORT often provided by sheltered conditions afforded
SN Features associated with control, by the topography of the nearby coast. They are
accommodation, servicing and testing of aircraft. often located along coastlines within bays or
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT areas sheltered from prevailing winds and/or
NT AIR TERMINAL strong currents.
AIRCRAFT STORAGE FACILITY CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
AIRFIELD BT WATER TRANSPORT
AIRPORT NAVIGATION
CONTROL COMPLEX
ANCIENT ENCLOSURE
HELIPORT
RUNWAY SN Fields that can be demonstrated by to be either
prehistoric or early medieval in origin by virtue of
AIRCRAFT STORAGE FACILITY either form or direct association with early
SN A building or place where aircraft can be stored farming settlement.
and maintained. CL ENCLOSURE
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT NT BRICK SHAPED FIELDS
BT AIR TRANSPORT COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM
NT HANGARS IRREGULAR ANCIENT ENCLOSURE
RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
AIRFIELD
SN Small-scale commercial or private field used for ANCIENT REPLANTED WOODLAND
air travel, mainly fixed-wing. SN Ancient woodland where original natural tree
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT coverage has been replanted with other trees,
BT AIR TRANSPORT often coniferous.
RT AIRPORT CL WOODLAND
2BT ANCIENT WOODLAND CL MILITARY
REPLANTED WOODLAND BT DEFENCE
RT PLANTATION NT ANTI LANDING OBSTACLE
ANTI TANK DEFENCE
ANCIENT WOODLAND
MINEFIELD
SN Woodland believed to have existed since at least
1600 in England and in England defined as such ANTI LANDING OBSTACLE
by Natural England. Usually managed for timber, SN Obstacles placed in open spaces and alongside
coppice etc and often contains dividing banks, roads designed to prevent the successful landing
trackways, charcoal burning platforms etc. of enemy airborne forces; usually of Second
CL WOODLAND World War date.
NT ANCIENT REPLANTED WOODLAND CL MILITARY
ANCIENT WOODLAND (BROADLEAVED) BT ANTI INVASION DEFENCE
ANCIENT WOODLAND (CONIFEROUS)
ANTI TANK DEFENCE
ANCIENT WOODLAND (MIXED)
ANCIENT WOODLAND (REPLANTED) SN Defensive structures, obstacles like concrete
CARR cubes, cylinders or pimples against invading
tanks that were erected in the defence of Britain
ANCIENT WOODLAND (BROADLEAVED) during the Second World War.
SN Ancient woodland that predominantly consists of CL MILITARY
broadleaved trees, often the progeny of ancient BT ANTI INVASION DEFENCE
trees.
AQUACULTURE
CL WOODLAND
BT ANCIENT WOODLAND SN The commercial cultivation of fish and shellfish
populations under controlled conditions, often
ANCIENT WOODLAND (CONIFEROUS) enclosed from wild stocks. It includes the raising
SN Ancient woodland that predominantly consists of of saltwater and/or freshwater species and may
coniferous trees, often the products of modern occur both inland or in fully marine situations.
replanting. CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
CL WOODLAND NT FISH FARMING
BT ANCIENT WOODLAND SHELLFISH FARMING
ANCIENT WOODLAND (MIXED) AQUARIUM
SN Ancient woodland that consists of broadleaved SN An area of buildings, artificial ponds and/or tanks
and coniferous trees, often the product of in which aquatic plants and animals are kept for
modern replanting. observaton and study as recreation.
CL WOODLAND CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
BT ANCIENT WOODLAND BT INDOOR RECREATION
ANCIENT WOODLAND (REPLANTED) ARBORETUM
SN Ancient woodland where original natural tree SN A botanical garden, as an element of a designed
coverage has been clear-felled (often during the or ornamental landscape, designed specifically
20th century world wars) and the area replanted for the cultivation and display of, often rare,
with other trees, often coniferous. trees.
CL WOODLAND CL ORNAMENTATION
BT ANCIENT WOODLAND BT PLEASURE GROUNDS
ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND ARTILLERY FIRING RANGE
SN Early farmland, whose predominant character SN A piece of ground, or a building, on which artillery
developed by the later medieval or earlier. Usually may be fired at targets during training or
broad-brush characterisation that includes exercises..
farming settlement and various other land use. CL MILITARY
CL ENCLOSURE BT FIRING RANGE
RT ANCIENT ENCLOSURE
ARTILLERY FORT
ASSART
BARTON DEMESNE FIELDS SN A fortified building or site with purpose-built
BRICK SHAPED FIELDS emplacements for artillery pieces.
COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM CL MILITARY
CROFT BT FORTIFICATION
DUAL AXIS COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM ASSART
GRANGE FIELDS
OPEN FIELD SYSTEM SN Land enclosed from woodland. Required licence
PIECEMEAL ENCLOSURE in medieval period. Term applied more generally in
landscape history. Can include planned and
ANTI INVASION DEFENCE regular enclosures and piecemeal irregular ones.
SN Sites, buildings and structures associated with Often still with numerous trees on boundaries.
the defence of the British Isles against invasion CL ENCLOSURE
from seaborne or airborne forces. RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
3RECENTLY ENCLOSED LAND and stored
CL INDUSTRY
AVENUE
BT SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR
SN Approach or drive within an aornamentally
designed landscape marked by carefully planted BOG
trees, sometimes also by banks or walls. Often SN A wetland type that accumulates acidic peat.
comprises one or more straight lines with a Sometimes named 'moss'.
house or other feature displayed at one end. CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
CL ORNAMENTATION BT WETLAND
RT LANDSCAPE PARK NT BLANKET BOG
RAISED BOG
BAIT DIGGING
VALLEY BOG
SN Areas whose character is dominated by regular RT PEAT DEPOSIT
digging to acquire bait for fishing by various
methods. Generally found in estuaries, sandy and BOMBING RANGE
rocky foreshores. SN An area of land, with associated buildings and
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE targets, used for practicing the dropping of
bombs and other aspects of aerial warfare.
BARRACKS
CL MILITARY
SN Areas of buildings used to house members of the BT MILITARY PRACTICE AREA
armed forces. Such areas may also include
closely related buildings such as refectories, BOTTOM TRAWLING
mess rooms, hospitals, schools and gymnasia. SN Commercial fishing that involves trawling the
CL MILITARY lowest levels of the water column and/or the
BT MILITARY RESIDENCE surface of the sea floor. These methods often
result in disturbance to the sea floor itself.
BARTON DEMESNE FIELDS
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
SN Field patterns established by lord of an estate, BT FISHING
usually as closes (bounded individual fields), in
distinction to the open common fields of tenants. BOWLING GREEN
They tend to be relatively large fields. SN An area of closely mown lawn measured out and
CL ENCLOSURE appropriately marked for use in the game of flat
BT FIELD SYSTEM or crown green bowling.
RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
RECENTLY ENCLOSED LAND BT SPORTS FIELD
BATHING/SWIMMING AREA BREAKWATER
SN An outdoor area, commonly on the coast, used SN A structure which protects a beach or harbour
by people predominantly for bathing and/or by breaking the force of waves. It may be
swimming. constructed entirely offshore at a strategic
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE location or with one end attached to land.
BT COASTAL RECREATION Commonly associated with ports and navigable
river mouths.
BATTLEFIELD
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
SN Recorded areas of former battles, where they BT PORT AND DOCK INSTALLATION
form the dominant character of, or are the chief CL CIVIC AMENITIES
historical association attached to those areas. BT SEA DEFENCE
CL MILITARY RT JETTY
NT NAVAL BATTLEFIELD
BRICK SHAPED FIELDS
BEACH HUTS
SN Patterns of early fields, often prehistoric in origin,
SN An area, usually immediately adjacent to a beach that are roughly rectilinear with sinuous sides
with numerous small timber one-roomed and that share a common general orientation
dwellings or shelters where holiday makers could without having the dominant lines of coaxial
rest after a day spent sunbathing, swimming and fields. Sometimes called Celtic Fields.
playing on the beach. CL ENCLOSURE
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE BT ANCIENT ENCLOSURE
BT COASTAL RECREATION RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
BLANKET BOG BRICKEARTH PIT
SN A bog which has developed as the result of SN A pit and its associated features used for the
consistent high rainfall providing conditions for excavation of clay suitable for making bricks.
the development of bog vegetation over large CL INDUSTRY
tracts of land, blanketing even hilltops and slopes. BT CLAY PIT
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
BT BOG BRICKWORKS
SN An industrial manufacturing complex producing
BOATYARD
bricks.
SN A place where smaller vessels are built, repaired
4CL INDUSTRY BT INLAND WATERWAY
BT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY RT CANAL
BUOYAGE CAR PARK
SN Floating, fixed markers indicating to a navigator a SN Area for parking motor vehicles; usually with
sea area to approach or avoid. Single or permanent surfacing, sometimes in purpose-built
arrangements of buoys, beacons and lights are multi-storey buildings.
often used to demarcate safely navigable CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
entrances to estuaries and rivers, submerged BT ROAD TRANSPORT
hazards and foul areas.
CARAVAN SITE
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT MARITIME SAFETY SN An area providing space for those with caravans
or similar recreational vehicles to park. Sometimes
BURGAGE PLOT with associated facilities such as power points,
SN A plot of land longer than it is wide, usually toilet blocks etc.
running perpendicularly from street with dwelling CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
on street front. The holding of a burgess, and BT RECREATIONAL ACCOMMODATION
thus typical of medieval towns.
CARR
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
BT HISTORIC URBAN CORE SN An area of fenland that has become overgrown
with trees or shrubs. Normally the result of
BURIED NAVIGATION CHANNEL natural succession, and thus regarded as a form
SN Sea or river channels no longer charted or of ancient woodland.
recorded as in active navigational use for present CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
shipping traffic and with evidence that the BT WETLAND
channel is also now a buried feature (if extant at CL WOODLAND
all). BT ANCIENT WOODLAND
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
CASTLE
BT DISUSED NAVIGATION CHANNEL
SN Fortified residence, usually of a noble and usually
BUSINESS medieval or early post-medieval in date. Castle
SN Being in a state of busily undertaking forms developed through time although some
commercially viable work; being a body features, such as curtain walls and gatehouses,
undertaking such business. were common throughout.
CL COMMERCE CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
NT BUSINESS PARK BT MANAGED HERITAGE ASSET
CONFERENCE CENTRE CL MILITARY
BT FORTIFICATION
BUSINESS PARK
SN Area designed to accommodate several CATHEDRAL
businesses, usually non-industrial, but normally SN The principal church of a diocese in which the
not exclusively retail. cathedra or bishop's throne is to be found.
CL COMMERCE Includes precinct and immediately related
BT BUSINESS features.
RT CITY CL CIVIC PROVISION
TOWN BT PLACE OF WORSHIP
RT CITY
CAMP SITE
SN An area dedicated to camping, providing space CEMENTSTONE QUARRY
for individuals to park vehicles and pitch tents SN A site where cementstone nodules are extracted.
often with associated facilities such as toilets CL INDUSTRY
and shower blocks. BT STONE QUARRY
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
CEMETERY
BT RECREATIONAL ACCOMMODATION
SN Place, usually defined, where the dead are
CANAL
carefully and respectfully placed, usually via
SN Artificial watercourse, usually connecting interment.
existing watercourses or bodies, constructed for CL CIVIC PROVISION
the purpose of inland navigation and BT FUNERARY
transportation or irrigation. Nowadays also used RT CHURCH
for recreational purposes.
CHALK GRASSLAND
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT INLAND WATERWAY SN Spieces-rich grazed land on chalk geology.
RT CANAL TUNNEL CL UNIMPROVED LAND
BT GRASSLAND
CANAL TUNNEL
NT CHALK GRASSLAND (DIVIDED)
SN A tunnel through which a canal runs. CHALK GRASSLAND (UNDIVIDED)
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT RT DOWNLAND
5CHALK GRASSLAND (DIVIDED) BT CIVIL
SN Chalk grassland, divided by stock-proof RT CITY
boundaries. CIVIC CENTRE
CL UNIMPROVED LAND
CIVIC AMENITIES
BT CHALK GRASSLAND
CL CIVIC AMENITIES
CHALK GRASSLAND (UNDIVIDED) NT FLOOD AND EROSION DEFENCE
SN Chalk grassland left open, undivided by stock- WASTE DISPOSAL
proof boundaries. WATER STORAGE AND SUPPLY
CL UNIMPROVED LAND
CIVIC CENTRE
BT CHALK GRASSLAND
SN A building or complex often with several buildings
CHAPEL where municipal offices and other public
SN Place of Christian worship; can include non- buildings are situated.
conformist (and non-parochial) churches (q.v.) CL CIVIC PROVISION
and privately owned chapels. Includes BT CIVIL
immediately associated and usually physically RT CITY HALL
defined land. TOWN HALL
CL CIVIC PROVISION
CIVIC PROVISION
BT PLACE OF WORSHIP
CL CIVIC PROVISION
CHEMICAL WORKS NT CIVIL
SN An industrial complex involved in the production EDUCATION
of chemicals. FUNERARY
CL INDUSTRY HEALTH
BT PROCESSING INDUSTRY PRISON
RELIGION
CHINA CLAY WORKS
WORKHOUSE
SN A place where china-clay (kaolin) is extracted
and purified. CIVIL
CL INDUSTRY SN Institutions of government that support civil
BT CLAYWORKS behaviour or habits of personal living which then
cement viable relations between individuals and
CHURCH
wider society.
SN Place of Christian worship, usually serving a CL CIVIC PROVISION
parish. includes churchyard and immediately NT CITY HALL
related features. CIVIC CENTRE
CL CIVIC PROVISION GOVERNMENT OFFICE
BT PLACE OF WORSHIP TOWN HALL
RT CEMETERY
CLAY EXTRACTION SITE
CINEMA
SN Buildings, sites and structures associated with
SN A building where people pay to see films and the extraction of clay.
'moving pictures'. CL INDUSTRY
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE BT EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
BT INDOOR RECREATION NT CLAY PIT
CLAYWORKS
CITY
SN Large urban settlement, including residential, CLAY PIT
industrial, civic, commercial and business areas. SN A place from which clay is extracted.
Usually having a cathedral within its bounds. CL INDUSTRY
Often a central place within a region, with BT CLAY EXTRACTION SITE
subsidiary towns etc. NT BRICKEARTH PIT
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT RT EXTRACTIVE PIT
RT BUSINESS PARK
CLAYWORKS
CATHEDRAL
CITY HALL SN A site where clay is extracted from the surface
HISTORIC URBAN CORE of the ground.
RETAIL PARK CL INDUSTRY
SHOPPING CENTRE BT CLAY EXTRACTION SITE
NT CHINA CLAY WORKS
CITY HALL
SN A large building, often with directly associated CLIFF
and usually defined grounds, used for the SN A tall, steep and largely exposed face of the local
transaction of the public business of a city, the geological formation, usually of rock though in
holding of courts of justice, entertainments and some areas cliffs may form from erosion of
other activities. softer materials such as boulder clay.
CL CIVIC PROVISION CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
6BT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL NT COASTAL BATTERY
RT SCREE
COASTAL RECREATION
CLIFF GARDENS SN Taking pleasure from the particular qualities and
SN Ornamental gardens, usually open to the public, facilities afforded by or established at the sea
that take advantage of the peculiar topography and coast.
and climate found on cliffs. CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE BT RECREATION
BT COASTAL RECREATION NT BATHING/SWIMMING AREA
BEACH HUTS
CLIFF SLOPE ROUGH GROUND
CLIFF GARDENS
SN Coastal rough ground on steep slopes; only able LEISURE BEACH
to be grazed by sheep, goats etc. PLEASURE PIER
CL UNIMPROVED LAND PROMENADE
BT COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (DIVIDED)
COASTAL ROUGH GROUND
COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (UNDIVIDED)
SN Coastal area with rough vegetation created and
CLIFF TOP ROUGH GROUND
maintained by grazing, often seasonal, and by
SN Coastal rough ground on the flatter land on cliff fuel collection. Much is now neglected and
tops; grazed by cattle as well as sheep and reverting to scrub.
goats. CL UNIMPROVED LAND
CL UNIMPROVED LAND BT ROUGH GROUND
BT COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (DIVIDED) NT COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (DIVIDED)
COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (UNDIVIDED) COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (UNDIVIDED)
COAL FIRED POWER STATION COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (DIVIDED)
SN A coal-burning power station where domestic SN Coastal rough ground divided by stock-proof
electricity for an area is produced, eg. Drax boundaries.
Power Station near the Humber Estuary. CL UNIMPROVED LAND
CL INDUSTRY BT COASTAL ROUGH GROUND
BT POWER STATION NT CLIFF SLOPE ROUGH GROUND
COARSE SEDIMENT PLAIN CLIFF TOP ROUGH GROUND
SN Extensive areas of seafloor whose surface COASTAL ROUGH GROUND (UNDIVIDED)
sediments predominantly comprise different SN Coastal rough ground left open, undivided by
grades of pebbles, rocks, boulders etc with stock-proof boundaries.
lower sand and very low silt and clay contents. CL UNIMPROVED LAND
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY BT COASTAL ROUGH GROUND
BT MARINE NT CLIFF SLOPE ROUGH GROUND
COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL CLIFF TOP ROUGH GROUND
SN The topography at the interface of sea and land, COASTAL WETLAND
subject to the constant changes in form and SN Coastally situated or inter-tidal areas of
perception associated with the tides, the erosive permanently saturated land such as saltmarsh
forces of sea and issuing rivers. whose vegetation and extents of open water
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY may be dominated by its slope and elevation
NT CLIFF relative to the tidal cycle.
COASTAL WETLAND CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
CREEK BT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL
DUNES WETLAND
FORESHORE NT MARSH
LAGOON MUDFLAT
SHOALS AND FLATS SANDFLATS
SPIT
COASTGUARD STATION
COASTAL BATTERY
SN A building or group of buildings situated close to
SN A site including artillery pieces and associated the sea used by coastguards, or a volunteer
structures directed out to sea to engage enemy coastwatch, to enable them to monitor the
shipping and defend the coastline. coastline.
CL MILITARY CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT COASTAL DEFENCES BT MARITIME SAFETY
COASTAL DEFENCES COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM
SN An area of defensive installations on the coast SN Field system with prevailing orientation.Most
designed for use against emeny attacks or boundaries are straight or nearly so and closely
invasion on the coast by sea or air. align with main axis or run perpendicular to it.
CL MILITARY Usually prehistoric or early medieval. Suggestive
BT DEFENCE of early planned land allotment.
7CL ENCLOSURE COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT FIELD SYSTEM CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
ANCIENT ENCLOSURE NT AIR TRANSPORT
NT DUAL AXIS COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM RAILWAY TRANSPORT
IRREGULAR COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM ROAD TRANSPORT
REGULAR COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM TELECOMMUNICATION
RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND WATER TRANSPORT
COBALT MINE CONFERENCE CENTRE
SN A site where cobalt is mined. Includes closely SN A purpose-built, or modified, building and directly
associated spoil, processing and transport associated grounds for organisations and
facilities. associations to meet for presentations and
CL INDUSTRY consultation.
BT MINE CL COMMERCE
BT BUSINESS
COLLEGE CAMPUS
SN Buildings and grounds of secondary or tertiary CONTAINER TERMINAL
educational establishments, below the status of SN An area of a port, dock or harbour where cargo
universities. vessels load and unload large storage
CL CIVIC PROVISION containers. Includes associated container
BT EDUCATION storage areas and rail terminals for containers
transported to the terminal by rail.
COLLIERY
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
SN A place where coal is mined. Includes closely BT SEA TERMINAL
associated spoil, processing and transport
facilities. CONTROL COMPLEX
CL INDUSTRY SN Buildings and associated structures and areas
BT MINE for safely guiding air traffic into and out of an
RT SPOIL HEAP airport.
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
COMMERCE
BT AIR TRANSPORT
CL COMMERCE RT AIRPORT
NT BUSINESS
GARDEN CENTRE COPPER MINE
HOTEL SN A site where copper is mined. Includes closely
MARKET associated spoil, processing and transport
RETAIL PARK facilities. Also use MINE plus other relevant ore
SHOPPING CENTRE name as appropriate.
SHOPPING STREET CL INDUSTRY
STORAGE AND HANDLING BT MINE
COMMERCIAL SHIPPING ROUTE COPPICE
SN Route regularly used by ships engaged in SN Area of managed woodland, usually oak, ash,
commerce or trade. May be defined by usage or hornbeam, hazel, alder, willow or beech,
in some areas, formally defined by regulation. periodically cut to encourage new growth
Distinguished from the Navigation route Sub- providing a source of smaller timber; for rods,
character Type by the association with fuel, charcoal etc. Larger coppies often divided
commerical shipping. into cropping areas or coups.
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT CL WOODLAND
BT NAVIGATION ROUTE NT SHORT ROTATION COPPICE
COMMON COUNCIL HOUSING
SN Unenclosed land, such as wasteland, forest or SN Set of local authority provided dwellings for rent.
pasture, owned by an estate, but over which Usually of uniform design, with gardens, and
tenants and sometimes certain others have rights often located either at the edges of villages or at
(pasture, turbary, estovers, pannage, etc). the roadside in open country.
CL UNIMPROVED LAND CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
NT DROVE COMMON BT HOUSING ESTATE
GREEN
COUNTRY HOUSE
RT COMMON EDGE VILLAGE
SN Gentry house in a rural setting, normally within a
COMMON EDGE VILLAGE landscape park, and usually accompanied by a
SN Agricultural village with farmsteads and cottages range of attached and detached offices, yards,
wholly or mainly arranged along the edge of a etc.
common. CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT BT HOUSE
BT VILLAGE RT PALACE
RT COMMON
COUNTRY PARK
8SN An area of managed countryside designated for SN A structure built to form a barrier to restrain
visitors to enjoy recreations, such as walking water or other liquid (including waste), raising its
specified parks and trails, in a rural environment. level on one side, to prevent flooding or to form a
Often provides public facilities such as car reservoir.
parking, toilets, cafes and visitor information. CL CIVIC AMENITIES
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE BT WATER STORAGE AND SUPPLY
BT OPEN SPACE RT RESERVOIR
RT PARK
DAYMARK
COUNTRY SPORT SN An unlit, highly visible and distinctive feature on
SN Land primarily devoted to the persuit, trapping, the coast that can be used by mariners for
shooting and hunting of wild or purposefully navigation during daylight only.
raised animals. CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE BT MARITIME SAFETY
NT DEER PARK RT LANDMARK TOWER
DUCK DECOY POND
DEER COURSE
GROUSE MOOR
KENNELS SN Area in a deer park where a single deer was
ROYAL FOREST chased by dogs over a set distance, with bets
made on the outcome. It usually includes a stand
CREEK (for viewing) and can also include three distance
SN A small inlet on a sea coast or estuary, its markers, a finishing post and a ditch behind the
sediments often exposed at low tide. Sometimes last post.
applied to a river tributary or stream. CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY BT DEER PARK
BT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL
DEER PARK
CREMATORIUM COMPLEX SN A large, enclosed park, often containing some
SN Place (building and grounds) where the dead are woodland and divided to provide a variety of
respectfully incinerated and remembered. habitats for shelter, grazing etc for deer, usually
CL CIVIC PROVISION fallow, for hunting and for aesthetic
BT FUNERARY appreciation..
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
CRICKET GROUND
BT COUNTRY SPORT
SN The entire playing area and associated buildings NT DEER COURSE
upon which the game of cricket is played and
where spectators pay to watch. DEFENCE
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE SN Areas, sites and linked systems of such involved
BT SPORTS GROUND in the passive or active defence of the country
against hostile forces on land, sea and in the air.
CRICKET PITCH
CL MILITARY
SN An area of grass, marked out for use in the game NT ANTI INVASION DEFENCE
of cricket. COASTAL DEFENCES
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
BT SPORTS FIELD DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT
SN A complex of buildings and areas in which a
CROFT
range of weaponry and techniques are
SN Meaning varies: In Scotland a holding of enclosed developed and trialled.
farmland, in Cornwall later medieval and post- CL MILITARY
medieval enclosure containing rough ground used
for grazing and furze. In central England a strip of DETACHED HOUSING
garden attached to a messuage in a medieval SN Residential area dominated by free-standing
village. houses that are not joined to others on any side.
CL ENCLOSURE CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND BT DWELLING
RECENTLY ENCLOSED LAND RT RESIDENTIAL AREA
CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY DISUSED NAVIGATION CHANNEL
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY SN Sea and river channels no longer charted or
NT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL recorded as in active navigational use for present
FRESHWATER BODY shipping traffic, whatever the channel's broad
MARINE date of origin.
PALAEOLANDSCAPE COMPONENT CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
SCREE BT NAVIGATION CHANNEL
UPLAND NT BURIED NAVIGATION CHANNEL
WETLAND
DOCKYARD
DAM SN An area of wet or dry docks, storage areas and
9workshops for the building, repair, fitting, loading BT COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM
and unloading of ships and therefore situated on RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
a sea coast or estuary.
DUCK DECOY POND
CL INDUSTRY
BT SHIPBUILDING AND REPAIR SN A pond or pool with arms covered with nets into
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT which wild birds, are allured and then caught or
BT PORT AND DOCK INSTALLATION shot.
NT DRY DOCK CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
WET DOCK BT COUNTRY SPORT
DOWNLAND DUNES
SN An area of rolling upland terrain characterised by SN Coastal areas containing hills or ridges of
chalk escarpments separated by vales of softer unconsolidated wind-blown sand. Surfaces of
earth. ridges and intervening slacks may be stabilised
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY by surface vegetation. Used for rough grazing.
BT UPLAND CL UNIMPROVED LAND
RT CHALK GRASSLAND CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
BT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL
DREDGED AREA
DWELLING
SN An area from which sediments have been
removed to ensure a safe depth of water in SN Places of permanent or temporary residence.
channels and berths for navigational purposes or CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
to mitigate risk of flooding or protect a sensitive NT DETACHED HOUSING
habitat. FLATS AND APARTMENTS
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT SEMI DETACHED HOUSING
BT NAVIGATION TERRACED HOUSING
DRIFT NETTING EDUCATION
SN Areas characterised by commercial fishing using SN Provision of teaching and related material
large nets that drift in the water, moved by intended to have a formative, and often also a
currents and lacking any fixtures to keep them in normative effect on the mind, character and
place. They are rigged in a straight line and are abilities of an individual.
generally used to catch pelagic or migratory CL CIVIC PROVISION
species. NT COLLEGE CAMPUS
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE GALLERY COMPLEX
BT FISHING LIBRARY COMPLEX
MUSEUM COMPLEX
DROVE COMMON SCHOOL
SN A common used for the resting and grazing of UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
herds cattle being 'driven' to and from market.
ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION
CL UNIMPROVED LAND
BT COMMON SN Buildings, sites and structures associated with
the distribution of electricity.
DRY DOCK CL INDUSTRY
SN A stone-faced enclosure, with entrance closed BT ENERGY INDUSTRY
by a floatable caisson or by gates, which can be RT OVERHEAD POWER CABLE
pumped dry for inspection, maintenance, or repair SUBMARINE POWER CABLE
of the hull or underwater fittings of a ship or
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
ships.
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT SN Buildings, sites and structures associated with
BT DOCKYARD the generation of electricity.
CL INDUSTRY CL INDUSTRY
BT DOCKYARD BT ENERGY INDUSTRY
NT POWER STATION
DRYING HAZARD
ENCLOSURE
SN Areas variously submerged but also subject to
exposure above the sea surface at various SN Patterns of fields that took in farmland (either
states of the tide, known as 'drying areas' and cultivated or improved grassland) from other land
forming a hazard to the safe passage of uses.
shipping. CL ENCLOSURE
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT NT ANCIENT ENCLOSURE
BT NAVIGATION HAZARD ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
ASSART
DUAL AXIS COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM CROFT
SN A coaxial field system with two perpendicular ENCLOSURE OF PARKLAND
lines of axis, forming a grid-like field pattern. FIELD SYSTEM
Often possible to establish a more dominant axis. INTAKE FROM ROUGH GROUND
CL ENCLOSURE MEADOW
10MODERN ENCLOSED LAND HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION
PLANNED ENCLOSURE MINE
RECENTLY ENCLOSED LAND NATURAL GAS FIELD
RECLAIMED LAND NATURAL GAS PRODUCTION
RESTORED FIELDS OIL FIELD
SMALLHOLDING OIL WORKS
SQUATTER ENCLOSURE QUARRY
ENCLOSURE OF PARKLAND SHAFTHEAD COMPLEX
SN Fields established within former parkland, either SPOIL HEAP
medieval deer park or post-medieval landscaped EXTRACTIVE PIT
park. Tend to be large and regular fields and land
SN Surface workings including shallow shafts, lode
often retains some parkland features, notably
workings, open-pit methods and quarrying
standard trees.
including some mines of stone, clays,
CL ENCLOSURE
compounds, etc.
ENERGY INDUSTRY CL INDUSTRY
CL INDUSTRY BT EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
NT ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION NT FLOODED PIT
ELECTRICITY GENERATION MARL PIT
NUCLEAR REPROCESSING RT CLAY PIT
OIL WORKS OPEN CAST MINE
OVERHEAD POWER CABLE QUARRY
PIPELINE FARM
SUBMARINE POWER CABLE
SN A tract of land, often including a farmhouse and
ENGINE SHED ancillary buildings, used for the purpose of
SN Long sheds, into which railway lines run, used to cultivation and the rearing of livestock, etc.
house railway engines. FARMSTEAD
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
SN A farmhouse and ancillary farm buildings forming
BT RAILWAY TRANSPORT
the operational centre for the surounding
EQUESTRIAN CENTRE farmland.
SN A complex including buildings providing CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
accomadation and activity areas for those BT ISOLATED FARM
involved in equestrian sports/activities and their FERRY CROSSING
horses.
SN A regular commercial passenger route across an
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
area of sea, estuary, river or lake, or an area of
BT SPORTS FACILITY
port, dock or harbour. Includes chain link ferry
RT GALLOPS
crossings.
EVENTS CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
SN Complex designed to accomodate major BT NAVIGATION ROUTE
gatherings. FERRY TERMINAL
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
SN An area of a port, dock or harbour, often
NT EXHIBITION CENTRE
including buildings for passport control, customs
SHOWGROUND
and for sheltered waiting and storage, where
EXHIBITION CENTRE passengers and vehicles using ferry services
SN A complex, including large covered areas, used can embark/disembark and where supplies can
for housing public displays. be taken on board.
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT EVENTS BT SEA TERMINAL
EXPOSED BEDROCK FIELD SYSTEM
SN Areas whose surface predominantly comprises SN A group or complex of fields which appear to
bedrock exposures. On the sea-floor can be form a coherent whole, usually on the basis of
associated with rocks and boulders but little finer another system, normally that of tenure. Includes
sediment deposition. rearrangements of earlier systems.
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY CL ENCLOSURE
BT MARINE NT ALLOTMENTS
UPLAND AMALGAMATED FIELDS
BARTON DEMESNE FIELDS
EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM
CL INDUSTRY GRANGE FIELDS
NT AGGREGATE DREDGING INFIELDS
CLAY EXTRACTION SITE OPEN FIELD SYSTEM
EXTRACTIVE PIT OUTFIELDS
FLASH PADDOCKS
11PIECEMEAL ENCLOSURE
FISHING
PLANNED FIELD SYSTEM
PRAIRIE FIELDS SN Activities concerned with the capture or
REORGANISED FIELD SYSTEM gathering of wild fish and shellfish stocks by
FINE SEDIMENT PLAIN various methods such as trawling, netting,
trapping, potting, dredging and collection by hand.
SN Large areas of seafloor whose surface
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
sediments predominantly comprise different
NT BOTTOM TRAWLING
grades of sand and very low silt and clay
DRIFT NETTING
content.
FISH TRAPPING
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
FISHING GROUND
BT MARINE
FIXED NETTING
FIRING RANGE HAND NETTING
SN A piece of ground over which small arms or large LONGLINING
artillery may be fired at targets during training or PELAGIC TRAWLING
exercises. Firing ranges regularly form POTTING AREA
components of much larger military practice SEINE NETTING
areas. SHELLFISH COLLECTION
CL MILITARY SHELLFISH DREDGING
BT MILITARY PRACTICE AREA FISHING AREA
NT ARTILLERY FIRING RANGE
SN Areas dominated by use for recreational fishing
NAVAL FIRING RANGE
and angling.
RIFLE RANGE
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
FISH FARMING BT WATER SPORTS
SN Areas characterised by the commercial FISHING GROUND
cultivation of fish populations under controlled
SN An area regularly exploited for commercial fish
conditions. These areas may be sited in inland or
and/or shellfish extraction; within which the
be coastally located artificial ponds, or in rivers,
locations of actual fishing activity may vary at
estuaries and the open sea and enclosed in
any given time, seasonally, according to the
tanks, cages or nets.
species concerned and regulations govening
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
their exploitation.
BT AQUACULTURE
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
FISH MARKET BT FISHING
SN A market where fish is sold. Includes closely and FIXED NETTING
functionally associated open areas, built
SN Areas characterised by commercial fishing using
structures, wharves, quays and distribution
fixed netting or set netting as it is sometimes
facilities.
known. It refers to netting held vertically and
CL COMMERCE
stationery in the water column, rather than being
BT MARKET
towed by a vessel or allowed to drift in the
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
current.
FISH TRAPPING CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
SN Areas characterised by the use of semi BT FISHING
permanent/permanent fish traps for the capture FLASH
of naturally occurring fish stocks. Does not
SN A water filled hollow caused by subsidence
include temporary portable pots and creels which
resulting from subterranean industrial extraction,
are covered by POTTING AREA.
for example coal mining and salt extraction.
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
CL INDUSTRY
BT FISHING
BT EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
FISH WAREHOUSE RT SALT MINE
SN Buildings & grounds used specifically for storage FLATS AND APARTMENTS
of fish or fish products. Such storage may relate
SN Residential area dominated by purpose-built
to several aspects of the fishing industry, for
tenement buildings, each containing several flats
example the storage of fish after landing & before
or apartments.
auction or sale, or the cold storage of fish after
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
sale.
BT DWELLING
CL COMMERCE
RT RESIDENTIAL AREA
BT WAREHOUSING
FLOOD AND EROSION DEFENCE
FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
SN Provision of structures to remove, reduce or
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
mitigate the risk of coastal, riverine and/or
NT AQUACULTURE
estuarine flooding from the sea, rivers or
BAIT DIGGING
unchannelled rainfall run-off or to counter losses
FISH MARKET
to coastal land from maritime erosive forces.
FISHING
12CL CIVIC AMENITIES often associated with the traditional Italian,
NT FLOOD DEFENCE French and Dutch styles. Usually either adjacent
SEA DEFENCE to the house or within the pleasure grounds.
CL ORNAMENTATION
FLOOD DEFENCE
BT ORNAMENTAL GARDEN
SN Artificial constructions used to prevent water
flooding the surrounding area. Often taking the FORTIFICATION
form of a bank or wall but may be more elaborate SN A defensive work, usually permanent. Use
(eg the Thames Barrier) and include run-off specific type where known.
drains and reservoirs. CL MILITARY
CL CIVIC AMENITIES NT ARTILLERY FORT
BT FLOOD AND EROSION DEFENCE CASTLE
HILLFORT
FLOODED PIT
ROMAN FORT
SN Abandoned and/or derelict surface workings TOWN WALL
such as shallow shafts, lode workings, open-pit
methods and quarrying that have subsequently FREIGHT HANDLING
become flooded with water. SN Sites and structures associated with the handling
CL INDUSTRY of commercial cargo.
BT EXTRACTIVE PIT CL COMMERCE
BT STORAGE AND HANDLING
FLOWER FARM
SN A farm concerned with the cultivation of FRESHWATER BODY
flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and SN An area of freshwater found inland.
for floristry. CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE NT LAGOON
LAKE
FOOTBALL GROUND
MERE
SN A site including a pitch, stands and other ancillary POND
buildings and areas associated with playing and WATERCOURSE
paying to watch the game of football.
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE FRIENDS MEETING HOUSE
BT SPORTS GROUND SN A place of worship, building and directly
associated, often defined, grounds for members
FORESHORE
of the Society of Friends, a denomination founded
SN The foreshore is broadly equated with land by George Fox in c.1650 who believed in pacifist
sloping down through the inter-tidal zone from the principles and a rejection of the sacrament.
landward coastal margin; Its extent is defined by CL CIVIC PROVISION
perception of the inter-tidal rather than by detailed BT PLACE OF WORSHIP
tidal level definitions.
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY FUEL DEPOT
BT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL SN A building or site used for the storage and
NT FORESHORE (ROCKY) distribution of fuel for military purposes.
FORESHORE (SANDY) CL MILITARY
FORESHORE (SHINGLE) BT MILITARY DEPOT
FORESHORE (ROCKY) FUNERARY
SN An area of foreshore where the predominant SN Related to respectful disposal of the bodies of the
cover is exposed bedrock. dead.
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY CL CIVIC PROVISION
BT FORESHORE NT CEMETERY
CREMATORIUM COMPLEX
FORESHORE (SANDY)
SN An area of foreshore where the predominant FURLONG
cover is exposed fine rock sediments of a grain SN Block of land within an open field system
size generally perceived as 'sand'. containing a number of individual strips and
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY usually managed as a single cropping or farming
BT FORESHORE unit. In places such blocks were associated with
fixed lengths, hence also name for a customary
FORESHORE (SHINGLE)
length of 220 yards.
SN An area of foreshore where the predominant CL ENCLOSURE
cover is exposed coarse rock sediments of a BT PIECEMEAL ENCLOSURE
grain size generally perceived as 'shingle' or OPEN FIELD SYSTEM
'pebbles'.
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY FURZE
BT FORESHORE SN Unimproved land dominated by furze (gorse),
used for rough grazing and harvested as
FORMAL GARDEN
domestic fuel.
SN A garden of regular, linear or geometrical design,
13CL UNIMPROVED LAND land with a favourable aspect.
NT FURZE (DIVIDED) CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE
FURZE (UNDIVIDED) RT MARKET GARDEN
FURZE (DIVIDED) GOLD MINE
SN Areas of furze divided by stock-proof SN A place from which gold is extracted. Includes
boundaries. closely associated spoil, processing, and
CL UNIMPROVED LAND transport facilities.
BT FURZE CL INDUSTRY
BT MINE
FURZE (UNDIVIDED)
SN Areas of furze left open, not divided by stock- GOLF COURSE
proof boundaries. SN A landscaped area of ground, encompassing
CL UNIMPROVED LAND different types of terrain and features, such as
BT FURZE ponds, sand-filled bunkers etc, on which the
game of golf is played.
GALLERY COMPLEX
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
SN A building in which works of art are displayed, BT SPORTS FIELD
permanently or temporarily.
CL CIVIC PROVISION GOVERNMENT OFFICE
BT EDUCATION SN The offices and directly associated grounds of a
RT MUSEUM COMPLEX Government Department responsible for the
administration of the country or a part of it.
GALLOPS
CL CIVIC PROVISION
SN A track or area where horses are exercised at a BT CIVIL
gallop. NT LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE
BT HORSE RACING
RT EQUESTRIAN CENTRE GRANGE FIELDS
SN Medieval fields, often large and regular,
GARDEN
established on the food producing estates of
SN An enclosed piece of ground devoted to the monasteries.
cultivation of flowers, fruit or vegetables for CL ENCLOSURE
domestic use. BT FIELD SYSTEM
CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE RT ANCIENTLY ENCLOSED LAND
NT HOP GARDEN
KITCHEN GARDEN GRANITE QUARRY
MARKET GARDEN SN A place from which granite is excavated.
NURSERY CL INDUSTRY
BT STONE QUARRY
GARDEN (RECREATIONAL)
SN An enclosed piece of ground devoted to GRASSLAND
recreational purposes. SN Unimproved farmland, used primarily for grazing,
where the vegetation is dominated by grasses
GARDEN CENTRE
and other herbaceous plants.
SN A place, buildings and directly associated CL UNIMPROVED LAND
grounds, where gardening tools, plants, etc, are NT CHALK GRASSLAND
sold. ROUGH GRASSLAND
CL COMMERCE
GREEN
GARDEN CITY
SN Area of often grassy ground, usually common,
SN A planned town that developed from the Garden normally situated at the centre of a village or
City Movement of the early 20th century, founded hamlet, sometimes within or near a town. Usually
by Ebenezer Howard, and promoting the idea of maintained by grazing.
separating residential and industrial/commercial CL UNIMPROVED LAND
areas with bands of parkland. BT COMMON
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
BT TOWN GREEN EDGE VILLAGE
SN Agricultural village with farmsteads and cottages
GAS FIRED POWER STATION
wholly or mainly arranged around the edges of a
SN A power station used to produce electricity, fired green.
by coal gas. CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
CL INDUSTRY BT VILLAGE
BT POWER STATION
GROUSE MOOR
GLASSHOUSES
SN Heathland used for the shooting of Red Grouse.
SN Buildings made chiefly of glass, in which plants Managed, by the controlled burning of areas of
and fruit are germinated, brought on and heather, to create a habitat that is favourable to
sometimes grown to maturity. Often grouped on grouse. Lines of butts used by the shooters are a
14common feature. HEALTH
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE SN Helping individuals maintain a satisfactory
BT COUNTRY SPORT condition of mind and body, and freedom from
sickness, injury and pain.
GROYNES
CL CIVIC PROVISION
SN A series of structures extending into the sea for NT HOSPITAL
the purpose of preventing further lateral SPA
movement of washed up sand and shingle.
CL CIVIC AMENITIES HEATHLAND
BT SEA DEFENCE SN Unimproved, but grazed area of low-growing
woody shrubby vegetation, including heathers
GYPSUM QUARRY
and gorses, sometimes in a mosaic with
SN A place from which gypsum is excavated. grassland and damp areas.
CL INDUSTRY CL UNIMPROVED LAND
BT STONE QUARRY NT HEATHLAND (DIVIDED)
HAMLET HEATHLAND (UNDIVIDED)
SN Small settlement with no ecclesiastical or lay HEATHLAND (DIVIDED)
administrative function and usually with no other SN Heathland divided by stock-proof boundaries.
amenities. CL UNIMPROVED LAND
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT BT HEATHLAND
BT NUCLEATED SETTLEMENT
HEATHLAND (UNDIVIDED)
NT AGRICULTURAL HAMLET
INDUSTRIAL HAMLET SN Heathland left open, not divided by stock-proof
boundaries.
HAND NETTING
CL UNIMPROVED LAND
SN Areas characterised by commercial fishing using BT HEATHLAND
hand nets worked by an individual fisherman.
This consists of a rectangular frame from which HELIPORT
a net is suspended. Regional variations include SN Field or plot, often with hangars and other
haaf netting, lave netting and dip netting. buildings, used for commercial or private
CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE helicopter travel.
BT FISHING CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT AIR TRANSPORT
HANGARS
RT HANGARS
SN Large sheds for the housing and maintainence of
aircraft, etc. HILLFORT
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT SN A hilltop enclosure bounded by one or more
BT AIRCRAFT STORAGE FACILITY substantial banks, ramparts and ditches. Now
RT AIRFIELD forming a feature within other landscape
HELIPORT character types such as recreation, rough
MILITARY AIRFIELD ground or enclosed land.
CL MILITARY
HARBOUR
BT FORTIFICATION
SN An area of the coast where ships can find CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
shelter or safe anchorage. Harbours require BT MANAGED HERITAGE ASSET
features, natural or artificial that provide shelter
and a pool area large and deep enough to HISTORIC URBAN CORE
accommodate vessels at anchor. SN The long-established historic centre of a town or
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT city, typically delineated in historic
BT PORT AND DOCK INSTALLATION characterisation as extent shown on an early
RT HARBOUR POOL epoch of OS mapping.
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
HARBOUR POOL
NT BURGAGE PLOT
SN An area of water adjacent to a port or harbour, MARKET PLACE
falling under the jurisdiction of a port/harbour RT CITY
authority. Includes associated traffic areas and TOWN
restricted navigation areas.
HOLIDAY PARK
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT PORT AND DOCK INSTALLATION SN Areas dominated by commercial complex(es)
RT HARBOUR encompassing lightly-built holidaymaker's
accommodation and associated facilities,
HAZARDOUS WATER
sometimes including entertainment areas.
SN Areas of the water column and/or sea surface CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
above sea floor hazards and in a buffered zone BT RECREATIONAL ACCOMMODATION
around them.
HOP GARDEN
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT NAVIGATION HAZARD SN A piece of land used for the cultivation of hops.
15CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE CL INDUSTRY
BT GARDEN BT PIPELINE
RT HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION
HORSE RACING
SN Areas relating to the sport that involves breeding HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION
and training thoroughbred horses and racing SN Power generation by releasing stored water
them against each other on large courses. through a turbine driving a generator.
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE CL INDUSTRY
BT SPORTS FACILITY BT RENEWABLE ENERGY INSTALLATION
NT GALLOPS
ICE WORKS
RACE COURSE
STABLES SN A factory or plant for the manufacture of ice
STUD FARM using mechanised refrigeration techniques.
CL INDUSTRY
HOSPITAL BT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
SN Establishment (buildings and directly associated
INCINERATION PLANT
grounds) providing care to casualties and the
seriously or chronically ill. SN A site for burning refuse to ashes using an
CL CIVIC PROVISION incinerator.
BT HEALTH CL CIVIC AMENITIES
BT WASTE DISPOSAL
HOTEL
INDOOR RECREATION
SN A building and its directly associated grounds,
used for the accommodation of paying travellers SN Facilities provided for indoor recreation, often
and guests. with external grounds associated (car parks etc).
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
BT RECREATIONAL ACCOMMODATION BT RECREATION
CL COMMERCE NT AMUSEMENTS
AQUARIUM
HOUSE CINEMA
SN A dwelling with its immediately associated LEISURE CENTRE
enclosures (yards, etc). SPA
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
BT ISOLATED DWELLING
NT COUNTRY HOUSE SN An area of land owned by a developer, whether
a private entrepreneur or a public authority, and
HOUSING ESTATE divided into plots for leasing or sale to
SN A planned residential area, usually with its own manufacturing or commercial concerns which
self-contained street system including cul-de- may share some common services.
sacs, sometimes with its own amenities, such as CL INDUSTRY
shops, a public house etc.
INDUSTRIAL HAMLET
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT SN Hamlet for accommodation of industrial workers,
BT RESIDENTIAL AREA usually close to either extractive industry or
NT COUNCIL HOUSING milling.
RT SUBURB CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
BT HAMLET
HUNTING LODGE
INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE
SN A weekend retreat for parties and others, when
hunting in the deer park or forests, or as a SN Village for accommodation of industrial workers,
viewing station for the chase. usually close to either extractive industry or
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT milling.
BT ISOLATED DWELLING CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
BT VILLAGE
HUNTING SITE
INDUSTRY
SN An area, building, site or structure associated
with the hunting of animals. CL INDUSTRY
NT ENERGY INDUSTRY
HYDROCARBON EXTRACTION EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY
SN The removal of oil, oil derivatives or natural gas INDUSTRIAL ESTATE
from naturally occurring reserves. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
CL INDUSTRY PIPELINE
BT EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY PROCESSING INDUSTRY
RT HYDROCARBON PIPELINE SHIPPING INDUSTRY
HYDROCARBON PIPELINE INFIELDS
SN A pipeline involved in the transmission of oil or SN The more closely assessed and more intensively
natural gas between facilities involved in their worked fields of an infield-outfield system,
extraction, processing, storage or distribution. usually of open field type.
16CL ENCLOSURE CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
BT FIELD SYSTEM NT FARMSTEAD
MANOR FARM
INFILL
SMALLHOLDING
SN Land within a generally built-up area, previously
either open or used differently, that has been JETTY
used for further construction. SN A pier-like structure situated at a harbour
CL URBAN SETTLEMENT entrance or running out into the sea or a lake,
BT URBAN EXTENSION whose purpose is often to control tidal flow and
sedimentation but may also serve as a berthing
INLAND WATERWAY
point for boats and shipping.
SN Natural and artificial passages for inland CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
waterborne travel and transport. BT WATER TRANSPORT
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT RT BREAKWATER
BT WATER TRANSPORT QUAY
NT CANAL SEA DEFENCE
CANAL TUNNEL WORKING PIER
NAVIGABLE RIVER
KENNELS
INTAKE FROM ROUGH GROUND
SN Buildings and yards in which dogs and hunting
SN Fields established on former rough ground. hounds are kept and exercised.
Mostly post-medieval. CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
CL ENCLOSURE BT COUNTRY SPORT
INTERRUPTED ROW KITCHEN GARDEN
SN A row settlement (linear arrangement of SN A private garden established primarily for
dwellings along a road) with numerous growing vegetables and soft and bush fruit for
substantial gaps between buildings. domestic consumption.
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE
BT RURAL ROW BT GARDEN
IRON WORKS LADDER FIELD SYSTEM
SN An industrial complex for large-scale production SN A holding's fields contained within two long,
of iron. usually perfectly straight boundaries extending
CL INDUSTRY outwards from a farmstead; often parallel, but
BT PROCESSING INDUSTRY sometimes splayed. Divided by cross boundaries
IRONSTONE MINE into fields. Usually post-medieval or modern.
CL ENCLOSURE
SN A place from which iron ore is mined. Includes BT PLANNED FIELD SYSTEM
closely associated spoil, processing, and
transport facilities. LAGOON
CL INDUSTRY SN A body of shallow salt, brackish or fresh water
BT MINE totally or partially enclosed from the sea by a
IRREGULAR ANCIENT ENCLOSURE sand bar, spit or reef running across the
entrance.
SN Area of ancient fields whose boundaries are CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
either curving or sinuous and whose shapes do BT COASTAL AND INTERTIDAL
not conform to a regular pattern. Often seen to FRESHWATER BODY
have developed by sequential accretion of
individual enclosures and by ad hoc subdivision. LAKE
CL ENCLOSURE SN An inland body of fresh water. Lakes generally
BT ANCIENT ENCLOSURE refer to larger examples, ponds to smaller, but
IRREGULAR COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM there is no clear break along the gradation
between the two.
SN A coaxial field system characterised by primary CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
boundaries that are slightly sinuous. BT FRESHWATER BODY
CL ENCLOSURE
BT COAXIAL FIELD SYSTEM LANDFILL
ISOLATED DWELLING SN A site for the disposal of waste materials by
burial.
SN Rural residence with no immediate neighbours. CL CIVIC AMENITIES
CL RURAL SETTLEMENT BT WASTE DISPOSAL
NT HOUSE
HUNTING LODGE LANDING POINT
PALACE SN A place where vessels can land passengers and
ISOLATED FARM goods
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
SN Farmstead with no near neighbours, usually an BT PORT AND DOCK INSTALLATION
element of a dispersed settlement pattern.
17LANDMARK TOWER BT MARITIME SAFETY
SN A prominent structure situated on land LIGHTHOUSE
specifically as a guide to navigation or warning to SN A tower or structure, with a powerful light or
sailors. lights at the top, usually erected at an important or
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT dangerous point on or near the sea-coast for the
BT MARITIME SAFETY warning and guidance of mariners, but may also
RT DAYMARK be sited inland.
LANDSCAPE PARK CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
BT MARITIME SAFETY
SN Extensive grounds, usually associated with a
country house, laid out (with tree plantations, LIME PRODUCTION
shrubs and often adjusted with earth movement) SN Areas associated primarily with the transport and
so as to produce a perception of broad production of burnt lime from limestone, largely
unmanaged and often unpeopled vistas. for agricultural use but also for lime mortar.
CL ORNAMENTATION CL INDUSTRY
BT PARK BT PROCESSING INDUSTRY
RT AVENUE
ORNAMENTAL PLANTATION LIMESTONE QUARRY
ORNAMENTAL WATERBODY SN A place from which limestone is extracted.
SHELTERBELT Includes closely associated spoil, processing,
LEAD MINE and transport facilities.
CL INDUSTRY
SN A place from which lead ore is mined. Includes BT STONE QUARRY
closely associated spoil, processing, and
transport facilities. Also use MINE and other ores LINEAR URBAN DEVELOPMENT
extracted where relevant, eg. SILVER MINE. SN Urban extension, usually along a major
CL INDUSTRY thoroughfare (canal, road or railway).
BT MINE CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
LEISURE BEACH BT URBAN EXTENSION
SN Largely inter-tidal areas, predominantly of sand, LOCAL GOVERNMENT OFFICE
used mostly for leisure and relaxation by coastal SN A building which houses administrative functions
visitors. May be managed actively, eg by periodic relating to local government. Includes directly
scraping or beach replenishment, or passively, associated and usually defined grounds.
eg by groynes, to retain the sand cover. CL CIVIC PROVISION
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE BT GOVERNMENT OFFICE
BT COASTAL RECREATION
LONGLINING
LEISURE CENTRE
SN Areas characterised by commercial fishing using
SN A purpose built building and associated grounds, long line methods; this involves setting out a
usually owned and operated by a local authority, fishing line, often several kilometers long, from
where people go to keep fit or relax through which shorter lines (snoods) are spaced at
using the facilities. intervals with baited hooks.
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE CL FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE
BT INDOOR RECREATION BT FISHING
LEISURE SAILING AREA MANAGED HERITAGE ASSET
SN Area used for recreational sailing, yachting, and SN Large archaeological site presented to the public.
other small craft pursuits. CL RECREATION AND LEISURE
LIBRARY COMPLEX NT CASTLE
HILLFORT
SN A building, room or suite of rooms where books,
ROMAN FORT
or other materials, are classified by subject and
stored for use by the library's members. Includes MANGANESE MINE
directly associated and usually defined grounds. SN A place from which manganese ore is extracted.
CL CIVIC PROVISION Includes closely associated spoil, processing,
BT EDUCATION and transport facilities. Use with other ores
LIDO extracted and MINE where relevant.
CL INDUSTRY
SN A public recreational complex centred around an BT MINE
open-air swimming pool.
CL RECREATION AND LEISURE MANOR FARM
BT RECREATION GROUND SN The home farm of a manor.
LIFEBOAT STATION CL RURAL SETTLEMENT
BT ISOLATED FARM
SN A building designed to house a lifeboat, usually
with a ramp to launch the boat into the sea. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT SN Production of secondary materials through
18various processes; distinguished from BT GARDEN
PROCESSING INDUSTRY¿s preparation of NT ALLOTMENTS
primary materials. VEGETABLE GARDEN
CL INDUSTRY RT GLASSHOUSES
NT BRICKWORKS
MARKET PLACE
ICE WORKS
MILL SN An area, often consisting of widened streets or a
STEEL WORKS town square used for regular or occasional
markets.
MARBLE QUARRY CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
SN A site where marble is extracted from the BT HISTORIC URBAN CORE
ground. CL COMMERCE
CL INDUSTRY BT MARKET
BT STONE QUARRY
MARKET TOWN
MARINA SN A town notable for hosting on a regular basis a
SN A dock or basin on the coast, an estuary or an market, usually for agricultural products, including
inland waterway, used for mooring yachts and livestock.
other small pleasure craft. CL URBAN SETTLEMENT
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT BT TOWN
BT PORT AND DOCK INSTALLATION
MARL PIT
MARINE SN A pit from which marl, a mixture of clay and
SN Of the sea, at any or all of its layers: surface, carbonate of lime, is excavated. Marl is used as a
water column, floor and sub-floor. fertilizer.
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY CL INDUSTRY
NT COARSE SEDIMENT PLAIN BT EXTRACTIVE PIT
EXPOSED BEDROCK
MARSH
FINE SEDIMENT PLAIN
MIXED SEDIMENT PLAIN SN Low-lying land often covered by water and
MUD PLAIN usually with peaty vegetation. Used seasonally
SANDBANKS WITH SANDWAVES for grazing. Historically, peat was sometimes cut
as domestic fuel and the area also used for
MARITIME DEBRIS
trapping wildfowl.
SN An area deemed hazardous due to a CL UNIMPROVED LAND
predominance of recorded obstructions and fouls CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
not known to be associated with a wreck. BT COASTAL WETLAND
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT NT MARSH (DIVIDED)
BT NAVIGATION HAZARD MARSH (UNDIVIDED)
SALTMARSH
MARITIME SAFETY
SN Features or structures sited at important position- MARSH (DIVIDED)
finding or dangerous points on the coast, or on SN Marshland divided by stock-proof boundaries.
inland waters, for the guidance and warning of CL UNIMPROVED LAND
mariners. BT MARSH
CL COMMUNICATIONS AND MOVEMENT
MARSH (UNDIVIDED)
BT WATER TRANSPORT
NT BUOYAGE SN Marshland left open, not divided by stock-proof
COASTGUARD STATION boundaries.
DAYMARK CL UNIMPROVED LAND
LANDMARK TOWER BT MARSH
LIFEBOAT STATION MEADOW
LIGHTHOUSE
ROCKET STATION SN Permanent grassland, usually enclosed with
SAFETY AREA stock-proof boundaries. Low-lying and damp or
hard by farmstead, receiving yard dung. Ideally
MARKET lush, and mown for hay. Also secure convenient
SN An open space or covered building(s) to which grazing for young or sickly livestock. Common or
livestock, goods, etc, are brought and displayed individually held.
for sale. CL ENCLOSURE
CL COMMERCE
MERE
NT FISH MARKET
MARKET PLACE SN A shallow lake that is broad in relation to its depth
CL CULTURAL TOPOGRAPHY
MARKET GARDEN BT FRESHWATER BODY
SN An area of land used to grow vegetables, fruit
METAL WORKS
and flowers to be sold at markets.
CL ORCHARDS AND HORTICULTURE SN A place where metal ores are dressed, smelted
and transformed into utilitarian material.
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