Energy Research at the University of Michigan - Ronald M. Gilgenbach Chair and Chihiro Kikuchi Collegiate Professor Sciences Department University ...
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Energy Research at the
University of Michigan
Ronald M. Gilgenbach!
Chair and Chihiro Kikuchi !
Collegiate Professor!
Nuclear Engineering and Radiological
Sciences Department!
University of Michigan!
h"p://energy.umich.edu
A Unique History
The
University
of
Michigan
Energy
Ins5tute
builds
on
the
legacy
of
the
historic
Michigan
Memorial
Phoenix
Project
(MMPP),
a
living
memorial
to
those
members
of
the
U-‐M
community
who
gave
their
lives
in
World
War
II.
– Launched in 1948 through the University’s first-ever
fundraising campaign, MMPP explores the peaceful uses of
nuclear energy.!
– In addition to supporting the construction and use of the
Ford Nuclear Reactor, now decommissioned, MMPP has
funded studies on the use of nuclear technology in such
fields as medicine, chemistry, physics, mineralogy,
archeology, engineering, and law.!
– MMPP stands as a distinct unit within the Energy Institute
and highlights the U-M’s rich tradition of leadership in
energy research.!
!
Notable projects funded by
Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project
• Glaser's Bubble Chamber (Nobel Prize, 1960)
• Werner's Neutron Interferometry experiment
• Beierwalter’s I-131 Thyroid Therapy
• Crane's work in carbon-14 dating (1949)
• Food Sterilization using Co-60
UMEI Milestones
2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1948
Michigan
Memorial
Phoenix
Fraunhofer
Project U.S. China CERC UM – SJTU research First PISET projects Joint Center for
partnership
Founding of established Clean Vehicles collaboration established awarded Energy Storage
the Energy Consortium awarded (renewable energy & Research
Institute biomed) Groundbreaking for
Center for Solar and Phoenix Memorial
Thermal Energy Consortium for Advanced Lab
Conversion awarded Simulation of LWRs
Founding Director: Dennis Director: Johannes New Director:
Director of Assanis Schwank Mark Barteau
MEI: Gary Was
2013:
-Completion & Dedication of the Phoenix Memorial Laboratory
-Launch of the Energy Survey (in partnership with ISR)
-Battery fabrication and characterization user facility
Phoenix Memorial Lab
UMEI’s new space (May First floor
2013)
-Reconfigurable, project-based N
space hosting interdisciplinary u
U-M and user work c
l
-$18 million university e
investment
a
in energy research
r
-10,000 sq. ft. of collaborative
R
and administrative space
e
Second floor
a
Existing Space
c
Basement
level
is
primarily
t
occupied
by
Nuclear
o
Engineering
Labs
&
Hot
Cells
r
B
l
d
g
UMEI Mission:
Prof. Mark Barteau, Director
The Energy Institute’s mission
To chart pathways to a secure, affordable and sustainable
energy future.
Measures of Success
– UMEI will be a pillar of the University’s leadership in
creating a sustainable world
– UMEI will increase the impact of U-M in thought
leadership and as a source of solutions to energy
and its environmental challenges from the local to the
global
UMEI is the “front door” to all things Energy at the
University of Michigan.
What We Do, Where We Focus
• Clean, Low-Carbon
• Push
energy
Electricity
discoveries
• Energy Storage
• Grow
partnerships
• Sustainable
• Shape
the
Transportation
conversa;on
• Energy Policy,
Economics and
Societal Impact
Research Thrust:
Carbon-free Electric Power Generation
• UM
has
significant
strengths:
– Nuclear
Engineering,
solar
energy,
wind
• Integrate
efforts
to
establish
leading
centers
– Genera5on/storage/distribu5on
and
integra5on
with
carbon
neutral
buildings
and
vehicles
– Combine
the
technical
effort
with
policy/economics/
social
impact
Research Thrust:
Energy Storage and Efficiency
• Energy
storage:
– Improve
energy
&
power
density
at
reduced
lifecycle
cost
– Manufacturing
technology
for
energy
storage
devices
• Unique
opportuni5es:
– Convergence
of
Bio-‐Nano-‐Energy
Sciences
– Strong
connec5on
to
future
vehicle
R&D
and
CN
Electricity
Research Thrust:
Transportation Systems and Fuels
• UM
is
at
the
center
of
the
global
automo5ve
industry:
– History
of
significant
research
funding
and
successful
collabora5ons
(GM,
Ford,
Chrysler,
TARDEC,…):
Detroit
area
=
“Motor
City”
– Time
to
revolu5onize
the
automobile
• Research
focus:
– Vehicle
electrifica5on
– Alterna5ve
fuels
– Vehicle
to
grid
interac5on
Research Thrust:
Energy Policy, Economics and Societal Impact
• Pathway
to
the
implementa5on
of
technological
solu5ons
is
via
public
policy,
economics
and
societal
impact,
• Pursue
a
comprehensive
approach
to
overcoming
barriers
to
the
implementa5on
of
technical
solu5ons
Energy Institute Faculty
About our faculty affiliates:
• 150 U-M faculty from across the
research and policy spectrum
• Participate as thought leaders in
their respective fields and in the
energy space
• Work with UMEI on event
participation, research publicity,
and student engagementUMEI Programs
• Partnerships for Innovation in Sustainable Energy
Technologies (PISET)
• Energy Minor
• Undergraduate Research Opportunities (UROP)
• Clean Energy Venture Challenge (CEVC)
• Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project Seed Grant program
“… to explore the ways and means by which the
potentialities of atomic energy may become a beneficent
influence in the life of man...”UMEI Internal Partnerships
• Michigan Mobility Transformation Center (Led by UMTRI)
• Energy Survey (with ISR)
• Fracking Integrated Assessment (Led by Graham Institute)
• Global Challenges proposals:
- Seed Funding: “REFRESCH: Researching Fresh
Solutions to the Energy/Water/Food Challenge in
Resource-Constrained Environments”
- Team Development proposal: “Beyond Carbon Neutral:
New Strategies for Mitigating CO2 Emissions from the
Ongoing Use of Liquid Fuels”UMEI External Partnerships • US-China Clean Energy Research Center (CERC) • Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) • Consortium for Advanced Simulation of Light Water (Nuclear) Reactors (CASL) - DoE Energy Hub led by ORNL • Center for Solar and Thermal Energy Conversion (CSTEC) - DOE Energy Frontier Research Center
Nuclear Energy Innovation Hub (CASL)
• DoE
Energy-‐hub
on
Modeling
&
Simula5on
(M&S)
of
Light
Water
Reactors,
funded
by
the
U.S.
Department
of
Energy
• Develop
an
advanced
Virtual
Nuclear
Reactor
capability
to
address
the
key
issues
of
cost,
nuclear
waste
disposal,
and
licensing.
• UM
leads
the
Radia5on
Transport
and
Numerical
Methods
Thrust
(es5mated
funding
~
$12M
for
five
years)
• Overall
R&D
effort
is
large
($125M),
highly
collabora5ve,
mul5disciplinary,
mission-‐oriented,
high
priority
CASL Goal: Can an advanced “Virtual Reactor” be developed and applied
to proactively address critical performance
goals for nuclear power?
1 Reduce capital 2 Reduce nuclear waste 3 Enhance nuclear safety
and operating costs volume generated by enabling high-fidelity
per unit energy by: by enabling higher predictive capability
• Power uprates fuel burnups for component and
• Lifetime extension system performance
from beginning
of life through failureCRUD build-up on PWR fuel rods
CRUD build-up on nuclear fuel rods has been
identified among the challenge problems currently
limiting reactor fuel performance
Neutron
CFD
transport
3D
Chemistry
Heavy crud loading in a PWR
“Striping” of crud deposits are caused by: CRUD = Chalk River
Ø Spacer-induced flow swirls Unidentified Deposits;
- affect heat transfer and thus cladding temperature
- affect crud erosion (through shear stresses)
mostly Nickel ferrite NiFe2O4,
nickel oxide, and nickel
Ø Spatial variations of power distribution
Ø Interplay with local chemistry metal with other nickel-iron-
chrome crystals.
Need of multi-physics computational capabilities involving:
3D thermal-hydraulics
3D neutronics
3D chemistry V. Petrov, D. Walter, A. Manera (UM)
19
B. Kendrick (LANL)CFD Results – a few remarks
Cladding
temperature,
pin
#10 Cladding
temperature,
pin
#13
640 Cladd_T_before_vanes 640 Cladd_T_before_vanes
Cladd_T_between_vanes Cladd_T_between_vanes
635 Cladd_T_after_vanes 635 Cladd_T_after_vanes
Cladding
temperature
[K]
Cladding
temperature
[K]
630 630
625 625
620 620
615 615
610 610
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Azimuthal
position,
[deg] Azimuthal
position,
[deg]
Cladding
temperature,
Turbulent kinetic energy pin
#10 Cladding
temperature,
Turbulent kinetic energy pin
#13
0.5 0.5
0.45 0.45
Turbulent
kinetic
energy[J/g]
Turbulent
kinetic
energy[J/g]
0.4 0.4
0.35 0.35
13 14 15 16 0.3 0.3
0.25 0.25
09 10 11 12 Cladd_T_before_vanes
0.2 Cladd_T_before_vanes 0.2
Cladd_T_between_vanes Cladd_T_between_vanes
0.15 0.15
05 06 07 08 Cladd_T_after_vanes Cladd_T_after_vanes
0.1 0.1
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
01 02 03 04
Azimuthal
position,
[deg] Azimuthal
position,
[deg]
§
Phase
shid
in
cladding
Temperature
distribu5on
along
eleva5on
(swirl)
§
Maximum
TKE
(max
crud
erosion)
at
points
with
lowest
T
(lowest
crud
deposits)
§
Hofest
“hot
spot”
does
not
necessarily
occur
on
pin
with
highest
power
(local
effects)
Optical & (60Co) Gamma Ray Images of
Nuclear Reactors!
Distribution of isotopes can be visualized instantlyMeasurements at Reactor
Dryer Separator Pit!
Fe-59!
Co-60
image!
image
Distributions of different isotopes can be visualized for safety inspection.
Detection of changes of isotope distributions over time can be
very sensitive to detect fuel leaks or contaminationsReactor Optical & Gamma Images
Gilgenbach 2013UM College of Engineering Class at Xiamen University
in China (3rd Year)
visiting Sanmen Nuclear Power Plant Construction SitePlasma Science and Fusion Technology! • Top analytical, computational & experimental faculty! • UM High Energy Density plasmas (HEDP): Highest power-density laser in the world (CUOS)! • UM HEDP: Latest MA, 0.1 TW pulsed-power and microwave technology ! • HEDP Research is mostly relevant to Sandia, LANL, AFRL, NRL, LLNL! • Plasma applications to space propulsion (NASA) and environmental needs (water purification)!
Lau & Gilgenbach: Fusion Group with MA-Linear Transformer Driver Experiment!
2.24 mm (1.13 cm/µs) 1.46 mm (0.73 cm/µs)
Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project Grants 2013! ü“Making nuclear power plants safer”, Yugo Ashida, NERS! ü“Nuclear Activation for a better understanding of energy storage mechanisms” (in Supercapacitors)”, Jason Siegel, Mechanical Engineering, Levi Thompson, Chemical Eng.! ü“Attacking pain: Exploring new receptors for painkillers”, Peter Scott, Radiology, James Woods, Pharmacology, Xia Shao, Radiology! ü“Measuring a nuclear material inside a shielded container”, Shaun Clarke, NERS!
UMEI External Partnerships
• UM-SJTU (Shanghai Jiao Tong University) Collaboration: projects by
teams of co-investigators from SJTU and from U-M, focusing on
Renewable Energy and biomedical technologies
o Solar Energy & Net Zero Energy Efficient Buildings
o Li-Air Batteries
o High Efficiency Hybrid Solar Cells
o Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
o Sustainable fuels for Transportation
o Li-ion batteries
o Engineering the Right Fuel for Sustainable Transportation
o Clean-vehicle modeling for China
• UM-BGU (Ben-Gurion University) Collaboration Program in Energy: focus
areas are:
o Photovoltaics and solar technology
o Liquid fuels and engine combustion
o Thermoelectricity, materials and devicesUMEI Battery Research • Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR) • CERC Advanced Baferies and Vehicle Electrifica5on thrust programs • ARC Electrical Energy Storage program • NSF-‐Sustainable Energy Pathways Award for non-‐aqueous flow bafery research • Numerous individual grants and projects
UMEI Faculty and JCESR Projects
• Chemical
Transforma;ons
– Deposi5on/Dissolu5on
Theory:
Katsuyo
Thornton
– New
Electrolytes
Design
for
Enhanced
Stability
and
Peroxide
Growth
Control:
Don
Siegel
– Metal
Anode
Modifica5on
–
Deposi5on/Dissolu5on
Dynamics:
Emmanuelle
Marquis
• Non-‐aqueous
Redox
Flow
–
Solu5on
Phase
Redox
Molecules:
Melanie
Sanford,
Levi
Thompson
–
High
Concentra5on
Solu5on
Structure:
Levi
Thompson
• Cell
Design
and
Prototyping
–
Electrode
Development:
Johannes
Schwank
U.S.–CHINA CLEAN
ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER Research
Thrust
www.cerc-cvc.research.umich.edu
Areas
1. Advanced 4. Lightweight
Batteries and Structures
Energy
Conversion
2. Advanced 5. Vehicle-Grid
Biofuels, Clean Integration
Combustion and
APU
6. Energy
Systems
3. Vehicle Analysis,
Electrification Technology
Roadmaps and
Policies 32U.S.–CHINA CLEAN
ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER Academic
&
Na5onal
www.cerc-cvc.research.umich.edu
Lab
Partners
U.S.
China
33U.S.–CHINA CLEAN
ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER
Industrial
Partners
www.cerc-cvc.research.umich.edu
U.S.
China
34Advanced
Ba"eries
and
Energy
Clean
Vehicles
Consor5um
Conversion:
Goals
• Degrada;on:
Combine
modeling
and
advanced
characteriza5on
to
understand
degrada5on
mechanisms
in
Li-‐ion
baferies.
• Modeling,
Controls,
and
Implementa;on:
To
extend
bafery
life,
develop
bafery
management
systems
with
on-‐board
balancing
technologies.
Review
protocols
for
bafery
tes5ng
&
safety.
Explore
pathways
for
reuse
&
recycling
of
baferies.
Mn2+
microbiological
sulfate
reduce
• New
Chemistries:
Advance
Li-‐air
and
Li-‐sulfur
reac5on
bioleac
hing
air
Co4+
chemistries
towards
commercial
viability
by
Ni2+ V2+
Co
Ni V
microbiological
metal
reduce
reac5on
revealing
limi5ng
phenomena
and
developing
Bioleaching
bacteria
Electrode
materials
SnMn
materials/architectures
that
overcome
these
obstacles.
Need meets Funding Opportunity: Battery
Fabrication and Characterization User Facility
• Goals:
– Provide
a
user
facility
for
interested
internal
and
external
customers
in
the
State
of
Michigan
and
beyond
– Transla5onal
R&D
facility
to
bridge
gap
between
lab-‐scale
experimenta5on
and
full-‐scale
bafery
pack
performance
• Facility
will
provide:
– Equipment
that
reflects
bafery
produc5on
process
– Small
and
medium
sized
pouch
cells
– Development
of
in
situ
characteriza5on
tools
– Range
of
bafery
technologies
and
applica5ons
CENTER FOR SOLAR AND THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
Peter F. Green (University of Michigan)
Design and synthesize new materials for high
efficiency photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric
(TE) devices, predicated on new fundamental
insights into equilibrium and non-equilibrium
processes, including quantum phenomena, that
occur in materials over various spatial and
temporal scales.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND DIRECTIONS
Research in CSTEC falls in three synergistic and collaborative thrusts, under a
unifying concept: structure and transport at the nanoscale.
Thrust 1: exploit unique quantum effects at the nanoscale to achieve high
efficiency solar energy conversion. Thrust 2: to understand and to exploit
fundamental mechanisms and processes to achieve high figures of merit in
thermoelectric (inorganic, hybrid or molecular) materials. Thrust 3: investigate the
molecular and structural origins of energy conversion phenomena in organic and
hybrid material systems.New NERS Laboratories funded by a $5M Gift from Dr. J. Robert Beyster
http://energy.umich.edu
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