Energy efficient heat pumps, from "standard" to "seasonal" performances - Rehva Clima 2016 May 2016 Sandrine MARINHAS ...
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Energy efficient heat pumps,
from “standard”
to “seasonal” performances
Rehva Clima 2016
May 2016
Sandrine MARINHAS
s.marinhas@eurovent-certification.com
Thermodynamics - Head of Department
+33 1 75 44 71 54
Workshop plan 2/30 May 2016 15:30 Introduction 16:15 Minimum requirements, labelling, What is a directive ? A regulation ? testing, and certification regarding What is market surveillance ? Chillers and Heat Pumps What is a standard ? and Hybrid Systems What is certification ? in heating and cooling mode Questions Questions 15:40 Minimum requirements, labelling, 16:45 Incentives testing, and certification regarding Air Conditioners, 16:50 Discussion Heat Pumps and Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems in cooling and heating mode Questions
Introduction
3/30 May 2016
…about how EU institutions
Directive = Legal act of the European Regulation = Common
European Union requiring member piece of legislation applicable in all
states to achieve a result without countries of the EU at the same
dictating means of achieving it time
Has to be combined with
implementing measures which
can be different from one country to
another, also called national
transposition
Ex: Energy performance of Buildings
(EPBD)
Our products are nowadays falling
into these texts, already into force
or in final stages of preparation
Market surveillance 4/30 May 2016 in the EU • To protect consumers from dangerous products but also to ensure a level playing field for reputable businesses • Is the responsibility of the Member States for non-food consumer products • Relevant national authorities check whether products meet the applicable requirements, take necessary steps to make sure that products are compliant, exchange information (RAPEX) and apply sanctions when necessary • Generally considered as having potential of improvement due too low and not harmonised national budgets, new package of measures under discussion to strengthen mandatory market surveillance
Standards
in Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning and
5/30 May 2016 Refrigeration (HVAC&R)
• Reference documents, giving definitions,
test methods, test conditions and/or
requirements (ex: safety) to be met
• Not mandatory unless reference is made to
them in European or national legal
documents
• European EN standards are approved in
Technical Committees and developed
Working Groups of CEN, and automatically
prevail to any corresponding national
standard (ex: Dansk Standard in Denmark,
NF in France, DIN in Germany…)
• International ISO standards are approved
and developed in ISO TCs and WGs, but EN
can cohabit with them
“Harmonised”
6/30 May 2016 standards
• « Harmonised » ?
There are annexes in the standard referring to
the relevant EU regulations (Annex ZA)
• Harmonised standards for
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and
heat pumps with electrically driven
compressors for space heating and cooling
EN 14511:2013-3 Test methods
How to test Coefficient of performance (COP) or
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER)
EN 14825:2016 Testing and rating at part
load conditions and calculation of seasonal
performance
Third-party certification
7/30 May 2016
for HVAC&R products
• To give assurance that an organization, its professional skills, process,
services, and/or products meet the requirements set out in a reference
standard
• Business-to-business voluntary process for manufacturers and
distributors
• Managed by an independent body, recognized by
the authorities trough ISO 17065 accreditation
(Ex: COFRAC in France, member of MRA)
• Gives written assurance through publication of data on a public
website(s) and/or certificates
Our Certification
8/30 May 2016
How does it work? Accredited ISO 17065
Declaration lists
Product ranges (and models)
+ Technical characteristics & Performances
or Selection software
After study of the list
Selection on-site
Selection
Visit of the Random selection of models
No. of tests based on lifetime of models
Production or Selection software
place
Delivery, verification of testing object
Testing in an independent laboratory
Comparison
produced vs. Comparison declared vs. measured data
declared If necessary: correction of catalogues or software
Review, Approval, Certificate and
File rejected Publication of data www.certita.org &
www.eurovent-certification.com
Air Conditioners
9/30 May 2016
& Air-to-air Heat Pumps ≤ 12 kW
• Air-to-air units, heating and/or cooling function,
below 12 kW
• Eco-design for Energy related products (ErP)
regulations 206/2012 and Labelling 626/2011 Indoor Unit (Cassette type)
• Manufacturers are required to declare the
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) & Remote
Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (SCOP) Control
• Products have to meet the energy efficiency
thresholds since 1st January 2013 (“Tier 1”)
and 1st Jan. 2014 (“Tier 2”)
(revision in Consultation Forum before 1st Jan. 2018)
• Thresholds depend on Global Warming
Potential (GWP) of the refrigerant
Outdoor Unit
Air Conditioners
10/30 May 2016
& Air-to-air Heat Pumps ≤ 12 kW
• Since 1st Jan. 2014
Requirements for minimum energy efficiency (Table 6)
GWP (R410A) = 2088
GWP (R32) = 675
Note: Requirements for maximum sound power level (Table 5)Air Conditioners
11/30 May 2016
& Air-to-air Heat Pumps ≤ 12 kW
• Evolutive • 3 climate
labelling zones:
scheme
Average,
2013 : A to G Warmer and
2015 : A+ to F Colder
2017 : A++ to E
2019 : A+++ to D
but why
sesonal ?
and why 3
climates ?From « standard »… 12/30 May 2016 • EN 14511 defines one set of conditions at which we used to rate thermodynamic HVAC systems for COP and EER
…to « seasonal »
technical definitions:
13/30 May 2016 Important EN 14825 temperatures
• Operating Limit Temperature TOL
Temperature below which unit cannot work
• Bivalent Temperature Tbiv
Temperature at which capacity of the unit and
load demand are equal ; below Tbiv, capacity
has to be completed by an electrical back-up
heater
• Design Temperature Tdesign
and Capacity Pdesign = Prated
Design temperature depending of
the climate, at which the heat pump
shall be ratedSCOP
Part load conditions,
14/30 May 2016 weighted with “bin hours”
Note:
Takes also into
account
degradation
coefficients Cc
when demand is
so low that load
ratio stops
reducing
continuously and
units starts on/offAuxiliaries
15/30 May 2016 and Efficiency ηs
Off-mode power Poff
When the unit is switched off
Standby mode power Psb
When the HP is manually deactivated but SCOP
can be reactivated by remote control ηs = − F(i)
2.5
Thermostat off mode power Pto
When the HP is deactivated by thermostat
F(1) = 3% for temperature
Cranckcase heater Pck regulation
When the cranckase heater is on (to avoid F(2) = 5% for electrical
refrigerant to migrate to the compressor to consumption for pumping of
limit refrigerant concentration in oil at
compressor start) geothermal heat pumpsACs, Variable refrigerant Flow Systems
Rooftops & Heat pumps 12 kW – 1MWh/2MWc
16/30 May 2016
• Applies to air-to-air units, heating and/or cooling function, above 12 kW,
up to 1MW in heating mode and 2 MW in cooling mode
• Eco-design for Energy related products (ErP) regulation ??/2016, not
published yet, out for scrutiny in December 2015 untill 23 April 2016,
expected very soon (including Transitional Method)
• No labelling (B-to-B) but mandatory information about data to calculate
efficiency need to be available
• Minimum requirements scheduled on 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 (tbc)
Heating mode 2018 2021
Air-to-air heat pump, driven by an electric motor,
133 137
except rooftop heat pump
Rooftop heat pump 115 125
Air-to-air heat pump, driven by an internal
120 130
combustion engine
Cooling mode 2018 2021
GWP > 150 GWP ≤ 150 GWP > 150 GWP ≤ 150
Air-to-air air conditioners, driven by an electric
181 163 189 170
motor, except rooftop air conditioners GWP (R152a) = 124
Rooftop air conditioners 117 105 138 124 GWP (R134a) = 1430
Air-to-air air conditioners, driven by an internal GWP (R407c) = 1800
157 141 167 150 GWP (R410A) = 2088
combustion engineCertification challenges
17/30 May 2016 for Air-to-Air units
• Organisation of tests on 141 Reversible Air
Conditioners, 31 Rooftops and 34 VRF for 2015
campaign, with deliveries from April 2015
• Second tests to be organised when necesary
• Audits of 9 VRF factories from 2016
• Test of Rooftops with downflow vertical impossible
• Current maximum heating capacity limited to :
2 Indoor Units (IU) for calorimetric chamber (units ≤12 kW)
2 cassette type IU up to 20 kWh
4 ducted IU up to 50 kWh
• Extension of laboratory expected Spring 2017
8 cassette type IU up to 100 kWh
12 ducted IU up to 100 kWh
While regulation goes up to 1MW, note that market uses
modules for large ACs and VRFsProcess and Comfort Chillers
18/30 May 2016
and Hydronic Heat pumps
• ErP regulation 2015/1095 applies to process chillers, with minimum
Seasonal Energy Performance Ratio (SEPR)
“Low” water outlet temperature -25°C
“Medium” water outlet temperature -8°C
• ErP regulation ??/2016 applies to air heating products, cooling
products as comfort chillers (SEER) and high temperature process
chillers (SEPR)
“High” water outlet temperature +7°C for process (medium for comfort)
“Low” water outlet temperature +18°C for comfort
• ErP regulation 813/2013 applies to space heaters (i.e. providing heat to
water-based central heating systems) below 400 kW since Sept. 2015
• Labelling 811/2013 applies to space heaters below 70 kW since
Sept. 2015, 3 climate zones
“Low” water outlet temperature +35°C
“High” water outlet temperature +55°CProcess and Comfort Chillers
19/30 May 2016
and Hydronic Heat pumps
• 2015/1095: Minimum requirements on SEPR 1st Jan 2018 and 2021
for low (-25°C) and medium (-8°C) temperature
2016 2018Process and Comfort Chillers
20/30 May 2016
• ??/2016: Min. requirements on ηc 2018 2021
scheduled on 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 (tbc) GWP > GWP ≤ GWP GWP
(+7 or +18°C) 150 150 > 150 ≤ 150
Air-to-water chillers < 400 kW (electric motor) 149 134 161 145
Air-to-water chillers ≥ 400 kW (electric) 161 145 185 167
Water/brine to-water chillers < 400 kW (electric motor) 196 179 200 180
Water/brine to-water chillers 400 kW-1500 (electric motor) 227 204 252 227
Water/brine to-water chillers ≥ 1500 kW (electric motor) 245 220 272 245
Air-to-water comfort chillers (internal combustion engine) 144 130 154 139
• ??/2016: Min. requirements on SEPR for high temperature (+7°C)
scheduled on 1st Jan 2018 and 2021 (tbc)
Heat transfer 2016 2018
Rated refrigeration capacity
medium Min. SEPR value Min. SEPR value
PA < 400 kW 4.5 5.0
Air
PA > 400 kW 5.0 5.5
PA < 400 kW 6.5 7.0
Water 400 kW - 1500 kW 7.5 8.0
PA > 1500 kW 8.0 8.5Hydronic Heat pumps
21/30 May 2016
• 813/2016: Min. requirements on ηs,h
Sept. 2015 Sept. 2017
ηs,h
Water Low temperature (+35 °C) 115 125
Water High temperature (+55 °C) 100 110Dual-service Heat pumps
22/30 May 2016
Domestic hot water
• ErP regulation 814/2013 applies to water heaters below 400 kW and
storage tanks below 2000 litres
• Labelling 812/2013 applies to water heaters below 70 kW and storage
tanks below 500 litres
• ErP regulation 813/2013 applies to combination heaters (i.e. providing heat
to heating and domestic hot water) below 400 kW since Sept. 2015
• Labelling 811/2013 applies to combination heaters below 70 kW since
Sept. 2015
• Test standard EN 16147 - Heat pumps with
electrically driven compressors - Testing and
requirements for marking of domestic hot water unitsDual-service Heat pumps
23/30 May 2016
Domestic Hot Water (DHW)
• 813/2016 and 814/216: Min. requirements on ηHW
2015 [813 & 814]
2017 water heaters [814]
Water heating energy efficiency
2017 combination heaters [813] 60% 64%
2018 water heaters [814]
Bonus 3% for smart regulationDual-service Heat pumps
24/30 May 2016
Domestic Hot Water (DHW)
• ‘mixed water at 40 °C’ V40 = quantity of water at 40 °C, which has the
same heat content (enthalpy) as the hot water which is delivered above
40 °C at the output of the water heater
• Min. requirements for storage water heaters
Declared load profile 3XS XXS-XS S
V40 7 litres 15 litres 36 litresHybrid systems
25/30 May 2016
Solution for Pilot : €, CO2 or
replacement of primary energy
old burners
Tests according Storage tank
to EN 13203-5
for DHW
Gas or fioul
burner
Heat Pump
Split or MonoblocCertification challenges
26/30 May 2016
• Organisation of tests on 267 chillers and hydronic heat pumps and
hybrid systems, for 2015 test campaign, renewed every year
• Second tests to be organised when necessary
• Audit of ~60 factories, renewed every year
• European testing capabilities are limited:
below -10°C
above 100 kW for heating function
• Standard for testing of hybrid EN 13203-5 for DHW indicates to
determine capacity of HP even from high water temperature as +55°C,
but the product is not intended for this use (the burner switches on) and
some HP cannot reach this water temperature
• New refrigerants coming (F-gas) ?Regulations
27/30 May 2016
Table to sum-up
Heating Cooling
Heat Pump, Hybrid Air conditioner, Chiller
Eco-design Labelling Eco-design Labelling
Air cond. ≤ 12 kW 206/2015 626/2011 206/2015 626/2011
and HP
>12 kW ??/2016 ??/2016
Chillers -25°C
and 2015/1095
-8°C
HP
+7°C
??/2016
+18°C
+35°C
813/2013 811/2013
+55°C
Hot water Single 814/2013 812/2013
Comb. 813/2013 811/2013Incentives and Labels
28/30 May 2016 through Europe
Belgium: Primes Energies
Italy: Tax incentives for minimum HP with minimum COP
Denmark: Sparenergi
France: Crédit d’Impôt Transition Energétique
Germany: BAFA
The Netherlands: Tax incentives
Norway: ENOVA
Do you have other examples or more details ?Discussion 29/30 May 2016 How can actors contribute ? Is labelling too simple ? Is testing too complex ? Who controls what, when and how ? How much can we afford for controls ? Challenges at European level
Thanks for your attention
Looking for a job position in Paris?
Contact us
Sandrine MARINHAS
s.marinhas@eurovent-certification.com
Thermodynamics - Head of Department
+33 1 75 44 71 54You can also read
