DUBLIN OFFICE MARKET REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 2018 - RESEARCH
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RESEARCH DUBLIN OFFICE MARKET REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 2018 OCCUPIER TRENDS INVESTMENT TRENDS MARKET OUTLOOK
SUMMARY REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 2018 Total space let across the top ten deals in 2017 1. Ireland was the fastest growing exceeded the combined top ten deals completed economy in Europe for a fourth consecutive year in 2017 as the between 2009 and 2016 as new supply unlocked economy expanded by 7.3% pent-up demand. 2. Take-up reached 3.6 million sq ft in 2017 – the highest level ever Economy matching the new office space supply of 1.9 million sq ft delivered in 2017. A pick-up in economic growth and the 3. Prime Grade A rents finished 2017 at €62.50 psf continuation of an accommodative monetary policy will support investment Occupier market flows to European real estate in the 2017 saw the highest level of activity coming year. Data from Eurostat ever recorded in the Dublin market, 4. P rime yields compressed to shows that the European economy with 3.6 million sq ft let as the market 4.00% by year-end, down from expanded for the fifth consecutive year. expanded by 2.5% in 2017, outpacing 4.50% at the start of the year While robust levels of letting activity were the United States which grew by 2.3%. The rosier backdrop on the continent 5. 1.9 million sq ft of office space was added further impetus to the domestic FIGURE 1 completed in 2017 with 2.7 million performance in 2017 as Ireland was the Take-up by location, 2017 sq ft projected for 2018 fastest growing economy in Europe for a fourth year in a row according to the 5% WEST European Commission. SUBURBS 2% NORTH While growth is expected to moderate FRINGE SUBURBS SOUTH from the 7.3% recorded last year to SUBURBS 13% 4.4% in 2018 and 3.1% in 2019, Ireland will remain in the upper echelons of the 19% European growth table in the coming years. The labour market edged closer to full employment in 2017 as the circa 50,000 new jobs created brought the unemployment rate to 6.2% at year-end. CITY CENTRE According to our calculations and 61% factoring in depreciation of existing stock, this will have resulted in office occupier demand arising from jobs growth Source: Knight Frank Research Top 5 office leasing transactions, 2017 Qtr Property Tenant Sector Size (sq ft) Q4 One Microsoft Place, Leopardstown, Microsoft TMT 300,000 Dublin 18 Q4 100 & 300 Capital Dock, Sir John Rogerson’s Indeed TMT 211,393 Quay, Dublin 2 Q2 The Beckett Building, East Wall, Dublin 3 Facebook TMT 170,000 Q2 Block H, Central Park, Dublin 18 AIB Finance 158,000 Q4 One Wilton, Wilton Terrace, Dublin 2 LinkedIn TMT 152,000 Source: Knight Frank Research 2
DUBLIN OFFICE MARKET REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 2018 RESEARCH observed throughout the year, the final as many of the major players here FIGURE 3 quarter witnessed an average deal size continue to expand and also as some Dublin prime office rents of 23,852 sq ft – well over double the of the US companies which might have € per sq ft per annum norm for a typical quarter – as a number landed in London will now look to Dublin of large deals transacted. In fact, total as their base for Europe as a result of €70 space let across the top ten deals in 2017 Brexit. We also expect to see an increase exceeded the combined top ten deals in the number and size of deals that will €60 completed between 2009 and 2016 as be done as a direct result of Brexit in €50 new supply unlocked pent-up demand. the financial and professional services sectors with the likes of Morgan Stanley, €40 The demand was mainly driven by Bank of America, CITI and Goldman €30 the TMT (Technology, Media and Sachs all having declared their intention Telecommunications) sector which €20 to expand their presence in Ireland. accounted for 51% of take-up with The vacancy rate declined by 0.1% in Q4 Microsoft’s occupation of their new €10 to stand at 7.2% at year-end, down from 300,000 sq ft campus in Leopardstown 7.7% at the beginning of the year while €0 and Indeed’s taking of 211,000 sq ft at 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 rents grew from €60.00 to €62.50 psf the soon to be completed Capital Dock over the period. the largest of these. LinkedIn, Facebook Source: Knight Frank Research and Google also substantially increased their footprint in 2017. Development market Hibernia REIT’s 1SJRQ will further While TMT was the standout performer, The recovery of office development enhance the appeal of the south there was an increase in activity across activity continued in earnest in 2017, with docklands. Additional space will also be the market, with the Finance and State 1.9 million sq ft of office accommodation delivered in suburban locations including sectors also performing particularly delivered, the largest amount of space Elm Park and Central Park where well. Finance accounted for 20% of to be completed this cycle. 83% of this Chartered Land/Starwood Capital and the market, led by AIB who let 273,000 space has already been let, with notable Green REIT are developing respectively. sq ft across two locations – 10 completions including new headquarters While the increase in the development Molesworth Street and Block H, Central for Microsoft, LinkedIn, Amazon and The pipeline will go some way to addressing Park – while the State accounted for Central Bank. Looking ahead, more than pent-up demand, 34% of 2018 delivery 10% of the market, the largest being 2.7 million sq ft is due to come on stream has already been let suggesting that the the OPW’s letting of 143,000 sq ft at this year of which approximately 40% will disequilibrium between demand and Miesian Plaza. be in the docklands. supply will persist. Activity continued to focus on the city The delivery of Ballymore Oxley’s No.1 centre which accounted for 61% of take-up, followed by the south suburbs and No.2 Dublin Landings in the north docklands will continue the rejuvenation Investment with 19% and the city fringe with 13%. of this area, while Kennedy Wilson’s The market in 2017 was defined by a Looking ahead, we anticipate another Capital Docks, Park Development’s stabilisation of investment volumes with strong year in 2018 from the tech sector Reflector, Irish Life’s City Quay and €2.3 billion worth of deals changing FIGURE 2 Office take-up sq ft KNIGHT FRANK VIEW ON RISK 4,000,000 Following nine quarters without from 2012 to 2015. That phase was 3,500,000 movement between Q1 2015 and Q2 largely driven by aggressive rental 2017, prime office yields contracted growth expectations as Ireland’s 3,000,000 by 0.25% in both Q3 and Q4 to economic recovery took hold and 2,500,000 finish 2017 at 4.00%. The renewed Dublin moved from a distressed downward pressure on yields reflects market to a recovery market. With 2,000,000 the transitioning of the Dublin market to the recovery now firmly established, 1,500,000 core status in the eyes of international the latest yield movements reflect capital markets, which is attracting the entry of longer-term international 1,000,000 funds with global core mandates capital with lower return expectations 50,0000 to bid here. This yield compression seeking security of income, liquidity marks the latest phase of tightening and diversification benefits, qualities 0 that the Dublin market has undergone which the Dublin office market 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 following the recovery phase which ran now present. Source: Knight Frank Research 3
DUBLIN OFFICE MARKET REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 2018 RESEARCH PO TMT ACTIVITY IN CITY CORE RT LA KEY 2 Dockland Central The Beckett Building, ND Date: Q1 & Q3 2017 East Wall RO LETTINGS Rent: €52.50 psf Date: Q2 2017 W Take-up: 32,480 sq ft INVESTMENTS Rent: €22.00 psf Tenant: Hubspot Take-up: 170,000 sq ft DEVELOPMENTS Tenant: Facebook SDZ BOUNDARY CONNOLLY DART RAIL LINE TRAIN STATION LUAS TRAM LINE 100 & 300 Capital Dock, LUAS TRAM LINE Sir John Rogerson’s Quay 1 Dockland Central Date: Q4 2017 O‘C O Date: Q4 2015 Rent: €53.50 psf ET Rent: €45.00 psf Take-up: 211,393 sq ft TRE N N EL Take-up: 27,500 sq ft SHERIFF ST Tenant: Indeed REET UPPE SS Tenant: Hubspot R L STR IEN 5 Grand the Canal Square AM D EET convention Date: Q4 2014 E WALL ROA 1WML centre Rent: €45.00 psf AY Take-up: 126,376 sq ft N QU Date: Q2 2017 3ARENA ED E Rent: €55.00 psf Tenant: Facebook Take-up: 23,767 sq ft ES QUAY EORG Tenant: Core Media 4 Grand Canal Square G Date: Q4 2013 UA Y Rent: €35.00 psf O NQ 1WML CITY QUA AST Date: Q1 2017 Y Take-up: 121,000 sq ft Tenant: Facebook Rent: €55.00 psf Take-up: 35,000 sq ft TRINITY COLLEGE Tenant: Informatica 8 Hanover Quay Date: Q1 2016 NORTH DUBLIN Price: €32,000,000 SUBURBS 31-32 Golden Lane Yield: 4.41% Date: Q2 2017 5 Hanover Quay Purchaser: BNP Paribas Rent: €47.00 psf 4 & 5 Grand GRAND CANAL Tenant: Airbnb Take-up: 31,000 sq ft Canal Square Date: Q4 2017 PEAENERGY RSE S THEATRE Tenant: New Relic Date: Q1 2015 TREET Rent: €57.50 psf Price: €233,000,000 Take-up: 61,333 sq ft ET ST Yield: 4.31% Cumberland House Tenant: Delphi N STRE GRAFTON Date: Q3 2015 ARE Purchaser: Union STREET Tenant: Facebook Rent: €50.00 psf 3 Grand Canal Quay KILD Take-up: 85,000 sq ft MO GR Tenant: Twitter DAWSO A Date: Q2 2016 UN ND Rent: €65.00 psf GOVERNMENT TS CA BUILDINGS MERRION TR N Take-up: 19,095 sq ft CORE EE AL Tenant: Zalando SQUARE TL ST WEST OW LO DUBLIN BAY ER SUBURBS W ER Montevetro 40 Molesworth Street ST STEPHEN’S Cumberland House Date: Q1 2011 Date: Q2 2017 Date: Q3 2016 Rent: Owner-Occupied GREEN Rent: €60.00 psf Rent: €53.85 psf Two Haddington Buildings Take-up: 211,000 sq ft UE CUFFE STREETake-up: T 30,000 sq ft Take-up: 33,104 sq ft Date: Q2 2017 Tenant: Google BATH AVEN Tenant: Jet.com Tenant: Mobile Travel Technologies Rent: €48.00 psf Take-up: 28,385 sq ft Velasco Date: Q2 2017 21 Charlemont Tenant: Dentsu Aegis Network BA R PE Rent: €55.00 psf GG SOUTH Date: Q3 2017 RD UP OT LE SUBURBS Price: €45,000,000 ON Take-up: 51,096 sq ft GT AVIVA STADIUM ST ES IN Tenant: Google ST Yield: 4.00% DD NO CAMDEN STREET L LO HA ON Purchaser: La Francaise IAM WE RTH Tenant: Viasat LinkedIn EMEA HQ ST SHELB R ILL HATCH STR R Completion Date: Q1 2017 U EET L OWE LO ZW MB Type: Development WE E ROAD FIT Owner: LinkedIn OURNE ROA D ER L LinkedIn HQ Site R Space Delivered: 126,045 sq ft 21 Charlemont Grand Canal/Fitzwilliam Sq AND Date: Q2 2017 Floorspace: 100,000 sq ft CH Delivery date: Feb 2017 ILL Rent: €55.00 psf RO OWER AR Take-up: 36,834 sq ft NV AD LE Tenant: Viasat One Wilton Vertium Burlington Plaza O IT M ON TR Completion Date: Q4 2019 Date: Q4 2016 Date: Q1 & Q3 2014 55 Charlemont Type: Pre-let T Rent: €50.00 psf Rent: €27.50 psf ST Date: Q2 2017 Developer: IPUT Take-up: 172,136 sq ft Take-up: 102,579 sq ft Rent: €53.50 psf Size: 152,000 sq ft Tenant: Amazon Tenant: Amazon RA Take-up: 57,865 sq ft NE Tenant: Zendesk LA G L EE SO H RO Note: All areas and delivery times noted above are approximate estimates only and subject to change N ST 4 UP 5 AD PE
“ 46% of office hands. The lack of large lot-sized assets was best demonstrated by the spend. The lack of prime opportunities in the city centre encouraged investors investment fact that 17 deals in excess of €50 to move up the risk curve with the transactions million occurred in 2016 as opposed to six in 2017. Despite this, the market purchase of suburban assets and forward- funding opportunities becoming more in Dublin were comfortably surpassed its 10-year commonplace. This was highlighted by purchased by average of €1.8 billion. the sale of the Cherrywood Business Park Irish buyers.” Office investment sales accounted for the largest proportion commanding for €145.0 million and the forward-funding of 13-18 City Quay for €126.3 million. 39% of the market or €891.4 million. It was noteworthy that 46% of office Activity remained focused on Dublin with the capital attracting 93% or €830.4 investment transactions in Dublin million of the total office investment were purchased by Irish buyers which represented a significant shift in the origin of the buyer profile given that purchasers from the US and Europe dominated the FIGURE 4 FIGURE 5 market in 2016. This can be somewhat Irish commercial investment Dublin prime office yields attributed to the prevalence of smaller volumes € million lot-sized assets which are mainly of interest to domestic private investors. 8% 5,000 However, there remains considerable 7% depth in the market with buyers from the US and Europe accounting for 29% 4,000 6% and 22% respectively. Prime yields compressed to 4.00% by year-end, 5% 3,000 down from 4.50% at the start of the year. 4% Looking ahead, 2018 should see an 2,000 3% increase in prime office investment opportunities as developers and their 2% funders seek to exit their positions as 1,000 new office stock gets delivered and let. 1% Additionally, the lowering of the required 0 0% holding period, from seven to four 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 years, for the exemption of capital gains tax should also encourage the disposal Source: Knight Frank Research Source: Knight Frank Research of assets. FIGURE 6 Top 5 office investment transactions, 2017 Buyer and vendor source, 2017 Qtr Property Seller Buyer Approx price US IRELAND EUROPE UK Q4 Cherrywood Business Hines Spear Street €€145.0 million BUYERS Park, Co. Dublin Capital Q1 13-18 City Quay, TIO Irish Life €€126.3 million Dublin 2 VENDORS Q3 Gardiner House, Kennedy Wilson IPUT €60.0 million Dublin 2 Q3 Blocks 4 & 5 Harcourt Clancourt Group Ares €€47.0 million Centre, Dublin 2 Q3 21 Charlemont, Rohan Group La Francaise €€45.0 million Dublin 2 Source: Knight Frank Research Source: Knight Frank Research 6
DUBLIN OFFICE MARKET REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 2018 RESEARCH SPECIAL FOCUS: THE TMT SECTOR IN DUBLIN The Technology, Media and felt the impact of tech’s rise as keenly as FIGURE 8 Telecommunications (TMT) sector has Dublin with Alphabet (Google), Microsoft established itself as the most important (owners of LinkedIn), Amazon and Relationship between TMT lettings and VC funding in Dublin sector in the Dublin office market, Facebook accounting for six of the top accounting for 51% of take-up in 2017, ten deals in 2017. 2,000,000 1,200 SPACE LET TO TMT two and half times the next nearest sector VC FUNDING TO TECH These companies are no longer leaders 1,800,000 of Finance which had a 20% market just in the tech space, but – in the 1,600,000 1,000 share. Just as important, the tech sector preceding order – finished 2017, as had a net take-up ratio of 62% which is 1,400,000 the largest companies in the world by 800 much higher than the 45% experienced market capitalisation only behind Apple 1,200,000 € millions across the rest of the market. While the (European HQ in Cork). What’s more, sq ft 1,000,000 600 rise of the TMT industry has been a global despite their already large size, they are phenomenon with implications for office expanding rapidly and leading the race to 800,000 markets across the world, few cities have become the first trillion dollar company. 600,000 400 For example, Facebook’s revenue in 400,000 200 FIGURE 7 Q4 grew by 48% year-on-year to 200,000 Evolution of large tech footprint USD$12.9 billion. in Dublin 0 0 2017* Aligning its fortunes with the world’s 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 800,000 largest and fastest growing companies ALPHABET (GOOGLE) Source: Knight Frank Research / Irish Venture MICROSOFT/LINKEDIN has been the primary factor in the Capital Association 700,000 FACEBOOK expansion of the Dublin office market in *VC Funding for full year estimated by extrapolating trend for AMAZON recent years. As illustrated in Figure 7, 600,000 the first three quarters of the year the growth in large TMT firms in Dublin 500,000 has mainly come post-2010, with the Lastly, putting Dublin in an international 400,000 quantum of space taken increasing context yields some interesting results. fourfold over the period. This is a trend Although the top five companies occupy 300,000 that shows no sign of abating with further less space in Dublin than in London high-profile expansion announcements and New York in absolute terms – an 200,000 expected in 2018. Interestingly, Figure estimated 2.0 million sq ft versus 100,000 8 shows that venture capital funding to 2.6 million sq ft and 3.1 million sq ft tech in Dublin is trending upwards along respectively – they account for a much 0 with tech take-up which is supportive higher relative footprint in Dublin – 4.9% Pre 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 of the view that the arrival of these versus 1.1% and 0.7%. It is worth established global firms is helping foster noting, however, that the space occupied Source: Knight Frank Research start-up activity in Dublin. across the three of these cities pales in Footprint comparison of top tech companies in key global locations Company Business Market value Dublin London New York Global HQ Global HQ segment ($USD billions)* (sq ft) (sq ft) (sq ft) (sq ft) location Consumer Apple 861 - 171,000 46,370 6,100,000 San Francisco, CA Electronics Alphabet Search 729 748,331 1,100,000 993,091 7,860,000 San Francisco, CA (Google) Microsoft/ 306,448 & 50,000 & 331,427 & 14,900,000 Seattle, WA & San Software 660 LinkedIn 191,497 70,000 195,248 & 1,083,000 Francisco, CA Amazon E-Commerce 564 288,805 793,000 700,697 13,600,000 Seattle, WA Facebook Social Media 515 417,376 400,000 808,355 2,000,000 San Francisco, CA Total 3,329 1,952,457 2,584,000 3,075,188 45,543,000 Office Stock 39,500,000 226,000,000 443,000,000 Footprint 4.9% 1.1% 0.7% Source: Knight Frank Research *as at 2nd January 2018 7
comparison to their operations in their unprecedented pressure. This is leading RESEARCH respective Global HQ cities which stands to fears that a key competitive advantage John Ring, Head of Research at over 45.5 million sq ft combined. is being eroded. However, judging by +353 1 634 2466 activity in 2017, this has not deterred tech john.ring@ie.knightfrank.com RISKS firms from pressing ahead with expansion plans in Dublin suggesting that the old IDA Robert O’Connor, Research Analyst +353 1 634 2466 Tech crash – there are concerns that mantra of ‘Come for the tax and stay for robert.oconnor@ie.knightfrank.com being too closely tied to the tech industry the talent’ is proving true. exposes Dublin to a Dot-com type crash CAPITAL MARKETS as occurred in the early 2000’s. While Adrian Trueick, Director apprehensions regarding toppy tech stock OUTLOOK +353 1 634 2466 While much of the discussion regarding adrian.trueick@ie.knightfrank.com market valuations may be legitimate, the difference for many of today’s tech firms is potential benefits to the Dublin office Peter Flanagan, Director that they have built-up large cash reserves market arising from Brexit has focused on +353 1 634 2466 the Finance sector, it is our opinion that peter.flanagan@ie.knightfrank.com from established revenue streams so they are well positioned to withstand the Tech sector holds the real potential Ross Fogarty, Director for a Brexit bounce. With TMT companies +353 1 634 2466 fluctuations in market value. highly reliant on sourcing skilled talent ross.fogarty@ie.knightfrank.com Tax pressure – The EU ruling on Apple’s from across the EU, the uncertainty tax affairs in Ireland combined with a regarding foreign worker visas in the UK OFFICES tougher stance by the United States following Brexit may see firms choose to Declan O’Reilly, Director +353 1 634 2466 on foreign cash holdings has resulted grow operations in Dublin rather than risk declan.oreilly@ie.knightfrank.com in Ireland’s tax policy coming under employee shortages in London. Paul Hanly, Director +353 1 634 2466 paul.hanly@ie.knightfrank.com Overall market ranking of the top TMT deals 2010-2017 Jim O’Reilly, Director +353 1 634 2466 Rank Year Tenant Property Sq ft jim.oreilly@ie.knightfrank.com 1 2017 Microsoft One Microsoft Place, Leopardstown 300,000 Gavin Maguire, Associate Director +353 1 634 2466 100 & 300 Capital Dock, Sir John 2 2017 Indeed 211,393 gavin.maguire@ie.knightfrank.com Rogersons Quay Mark Headon, Associate Director 3 2011 Google Montevetro, Barrow Street 211,000 +353 1 634 2466 mark.headon@ie.knightfrank.com 5 2016 Amazon Vertium, Burlington Road 172,136 David Reddy, Associate Director 6 2017 Facebook The Beckett Building, East Wall 170,000 +353 1 634 2466 david.reddy@ie.knightfrank.com 8 2017 LinkedIn One Wilton, Wilton Terrace 152,000 13 2014 Facebook 5 Grand Canal Square 126,376 14 2014 LinkedIn LinkedIn EMEA HQ, Lad Lane 126,045 15 2013 Facebook 4 Grand Canal Square 121,000 22 2015 Workday The Kings Building, Smithfield 95,000 Source: Knight Frank Research © HT Meagher O’Reilly trading as Knight Frank This report is published for general information only and not to be relied upon in any way. Although high standards have been used in the preparation of the information, analysis, views and projections presented in this report, no responsibility or RECENT MARKET-LEADING RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS liability whatsoever can be accepted by HT Meagher O’Reilly trading as Knight Frank for any loss or damage resultant from any use of, reliance on or reference to the contents RESEARCH RESEARCH of this document. As a general report, this material does RESEARCH INDUSTRIAL MARKET INSIGHT - 2017 IN REVIEW INVESTMENT INSIGHT - 2017 IN REVIEW While rising employment levels and Despite a strong finish to the year Office sales comprised of the largest FIGURE 3 household incomes are underpinning - with €965.3 million transacting proportion of activity with 39% of not necessarily represent the view of HT Meagher O’Reilly Investment spend by sector increases in consumer spending, the during Q4 - 2017 was defined by a the market or €891.4 million. The proliferation of digital technologies means stabilisation of investment volumes lack of opportunities in the city that a growing share of this expenditure with approximately €2.3 billion worth centre induced investors to move % 2 is happening on-line. This was of deals changing hands. While up the risk curve with the purchase % 4 STUDENT ACCOMMODATION % 1 Residential demonstrated in Eurostat’s 2017 survey investor appetite for Irish real estate of suburban assets and forward- 6 % MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL THE HENRY on ICT which showed that 18% of Irish HOTEL remained robust, volumes were funding opportunities becoming more % 6 Student Accommodation trading as Knight Frank in relation to particular properties people purchased household goods on- commonplace. This was highlighted INDUSTRIAL line in 2017, up from 10% five years ago. constrained by a shortage of large lot-sized assets as a result of the by the sale of a confidential suburban This phenomenon has acted as a driving Multi Family asset for €145.0 million and Irish Life’s THE 2018 REPORT force behind recent demand for industrial decline in the deleveraging activity 39% STREET forward-funding of 13-18 City Quay for space, with research by Standard Life Investments1 illustrating that e-commerce and loan portfolio sales which had characterised the market up until now. €126.3 million. Retail sales accounted % MIXED-USE 10 OFFICE Hotel requires twice as much industrial space The lack of large lot-sized assets was for 32% of the total spend or €714.3 or projects. Reproduction of this report in whole or in part as traditional bricks and mortar retail for a Unit 103, Northwest Business Park, Ballycoolin, Dublin 15 which Knight Frank sold in Q4 2017. best demonstrated by the fact that million. While half of this was driven by Industrial given amount of sales. 17 deals in excess of €50.0 million the disposal of shopping centres and Adding a further layer to demand, was the FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 occurred in 2016 as opposed to six deals in 2017, the largest of which retail parks, there was also significant interest in high-street retail assets, RETAIL % 32 Mixed-Use REPORT sharp increase in industrial production Take-up by location Deal size share of market in sq m in 2017, with Investec’s Manufacturing FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 Retail Purchasing Managers’ Index finishing the 3% 9% is not allowed without prior written approval of HT Meagher Irish commercial investment volumes Investment spend by location Source: Knight Frank Research year at 59.1 – the strongest reading in the history of the series – up from 55.7 a year 7% NORTH-EAST SOUTH-EAST South East 10,001+ sq m 10,001+ € million Office earlier. North East 8% 9% 501-1,000 sq m 5,001-10,000 2500 FIGURE 4 Investment spend by buyer origin
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