Trade-offs required to achieve shared prosperity Deloitte commentary on South Africa Budget 2020/21 - Making an impact that matters

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Trade-offs required to achieve shared prosperity Deloitte commentary on South Africa Budget 2020/21 - Making an impact that matters
Trade-offs required to
achieve shared prosperity
Deloitte commentary on
South Africa Budget 2020/21

Making an impact that matters
Trade-offs required to achieve shared prosperity Deloitte commentary on South Africa Budget 2020/21 - Making an impact that matters
Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Budget 2020/21
“ Winning requires hard work,
focus, time, patience and resilience.
Achieving economic growth and higher
employment levels requires a plan."
Minister of Finance
Mr Tito Mboweni, 26 February 2020

                                                                       2
Trade-offs required to achieve shared prosperity Deloitte commentary on South Africa Budget 2020/21 - Making an impact that matters
Foreword
  Delia Ndlovu, Managing Director,
  Africa Tax & Legal

Finance Minister Tito Mboweni’s 2020            be significantly lower than the 2019           large tax increases over the past five years,
Budget Speech was delivered against the         mid-term budget policy statement (MTBPS)       the difference between projected and
backdrop of President Cyril Ramaphosa’s         estimates. Budgeted gross tax revenue          collected revenue has continued to widen.
State of the Nation Address in which the        for 2019/20 was R1.42 trillion (the revised    This is attributed to slow economic growth
President made the following sobering           estimate is R1.36 trillion). This means that   and a weakened South African Revenue
comments:                                       the revised gross tax revenue for 2019/20      Service (SARS). As a result, it is believed
                                                is R63 billion less than budget. This has      that further substantial tax increases are
“Our country is facing a stark reality. Our
                                                worsened since the MTBPS, however, the         unlikely to be effective as it is conceded
economy has not grown at any meaningful
                                                gross tax revenue for 2019/20 is still 5.5%    that South Africa already has a relatively
rate for over a decade. Even as jobs are
                                                up on last year.                               high tax-to-GDP ratio compared to similarly
being created, the rate of unemployment is
                                                                                               developed countries.
deepening. The recovery of our economy          Budgeted expenditure for 2020/21 is R1.95
has stalled as persistent energy shortages      trillion (2019/20 revised estimate: R1.84      Accordingly, government will not raise
have disrupted businesses and people’s          trillion). The largest portion of the budget   additional revenue from tax proposals
lives. Several state-owned enterprises          has been allocated to learning and culture     for 2020/21. Therefore, it seems clear
(SOEs) are in distress, and our public          (R396.4 billion – increased by 3%) followed    that the strategy for addressing South
finances are under severe pressure.”            by social development (R309.5 billion –        Africa’s burgeoning debt levels is focused
                                                increased by 9%) and health (R229.7 billion    on containing public expenditure rather
Against the backdrop of this deteriorating
                                                – increased by 3%). Debt-service costs of      than raising taxes. To achieve fiscal
economic outlook, the Minister of Finance
                                                R229.3 billion (increased by 12%) remain       sustainability, the Minister announced a
has reiterated in this budget that South
                                                relatively high and curtail the ability to     spending drop of R156 billion over the next
Africa must strive for fiscal sustainability,
                                                further invest in areas such as economic       three years relative to last year’s Budget
measured as stabilisation of the debt-to-
                                                development which sees an allocation of        projections. The makeup of this spending
GDP ratio, by moderating spending as a
                                                R211.5 billion (increased by 6%).              drop includes a baseline spending
share of GDP and reducing the wage bill
                                                                                               reduction of R261 billion (made up of a
as a share of overall spending. The budget      The budget deficit is expected to grow to
                                                                                               first part of approximately R100 billion
indicates that there is a realisation that      R370.5 billion (2019/20 originally at R243
                                                                                               adjustments on programme spending and
there are some difficult, painful choices       billion) or 6.8% of GDP. Gross national
                                                                                               a second part of approximately R160 billion
and trade-offs which will be needed. This       debt will reach R3.56 trillion, amounting
                                                                                               from slashing the public sector wage bill in
will not be easy, it will be a tricky road to   to 65.6% as a share of GDP by the end of
                                                                                               the medium term). This is partially offset
navigate with affected stakeholders.            2020/21.
                                                                                               by R111 billion of various additions and
The Minister indicated a bleak economic         It is perhaps as a result of this current      reallocations, some of which is for SAA and
growth context of the budget by                 state of play, that many commentators          Eskom.
indicating that South Africa’s economy is       anticipated wide-ranging tax increases.
expected to expand by only 0.9% in 2020.        However, as pointed out in National
Consequently, tax revenue is expected to        Treasury’s Budget Review 2020, despite
Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Gross tax revenue for 2020/2021 is              The budget also focussed on strengthening       Today’s Budget Speech fully acknowledges
expected to reach R1.43 trillion, which is      SARS, both from a governance perspective        the tough economic situation that we face
26.3% of GDP. Around 80% of the gross           as well as a capability perspective. In         as a country. Evidently, the strategy for
tax revenue for 2020/21 (of R1.4 trillion) is   keeping with global trends, emphasis will       addressing this relies on achieving fiscal
expected to comprise of the following:          likely also be placed on the digitisation       sustainability by taking steps to stabilise
                                                of SARS as a means of improving the tax         the debt-to-GDP ratio and relook at and
• personal income tax - R546.8 billion          authority’s efficiency and effectiveness.       optimise government expenditure –
  (2019/20 revised budget: R527.6 billion)      Additional tax revenue will hopefully flow      especially by tackling the public sector
                                                from a more effective SARS.                     wage bill and wasteful expenditure – rather
• value-added tax - R360.6 billion (2019/20
                                                                                                than by further burdening taxpayers.
  revised budget: R344.2 billion)               In addition to the measures announced
                                                by the Minister for broadening the
• corporate income tax - R230.2 billion
                                                tax base, emphasis should be placed
  (2019/20 revised budget: R216.7 billion)
                                                on multinational firms operating in a
                                                growing digital economy. While this is
While no significant tax increases have         acknowledged in National Treasury’s
been proposed, government will seek             Budget Review 2020, there are no tax
to broaden the corporate tax base.              proposals that specifically address the
This is to be achieved by minimising tax        issue and the approach that appears to
incentives and introducing new interest         have been adopted is to wait and see
deduction and assessed loss limitations.        where negotiations amongst members
The possibility of future reductions to the     of the Organisation for Economic Co-
corporate tax rate was also mentioned in        operation and Development (OECD) lead.
order to, amongst others, improve South
                                                Further significant themes emerging
Africa’s competitiveness as an investment
                                                from the budget include funding of the
destination. Additional revenue raised from
                                                proposed sovereign wealth fund, lowering
indirect taxes is to be offset by personal
                                                the cost of doing business, renewed focus
income tax relief. Relief in personal income
                                                on illicit criminal activity and a new law to
taxes is to be achieved by above inflation
                                                stop excessive salaries at public entities.
increases in the personal income tax
                                                Emphasis was also placed on measures
brackets and the primary, secondary and
                                                to address youth unemployment – with
tertiary rebates. Detailed commentary on
                                                further details to follow in the MTBPS.
some of these tax proposals is provided in
this publication.

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Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Economic outlook: moving forward,
slowly…

South Africa’s economy continues to                             Despite the continued low growth                                                 to inter alia slower than expected economic
struggle. Load shedding, rising debt, policy                    environment, Minister Mboweni emphasised                                         growth and more financial support to SOEs.
uncertainty, wasteful expenditure, misfiring                    that “we are moving forward”. South Africa                                       The budget deficit is expected to narrow to
state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and the                          boasts the most diversified economy in                                           5.7% in 2022/23.
inability to make difficult structural reforms                  Africa, a sound macroeconomic framework,
                                                                                                                                                 Unsustainable debt-to-GDP ratios were
have been weighing down the country’s                           strong institutions, and a young population
                                                                                                                                                 already flagged in Minister Mboweni’s 2019
economic growth and competitiveness over                        – key foundations for economic growth.
                                                                                                                                                 Medium-Term Budget Policy Statement
the past decade.                                                Furthermore, low inflation, interest rate
                                                                                                                                                 (MTBPS). The gross debt-to-GDP ratio is now
                                                                reductions, and the ongoing reform agenda
“Winning requires hard work, focus, […]                                                                                                          expected to have increased to 61.6 percent
                                                                may indeed “jump start the economy”.
and resilience”, said Finance Minister Tito                                                                                                      in 2019/20 (previously estimated at 56.2%
                                                                Yet many downside risks to an economic
Mboweni, reading his 2020 Budget Speech.                                                                                                         in the 2019 Budget). It is expected to mount
                                                                recovery remain.
                                                                                                                                                 to 65.6% in 2020/21 and 71.6% in 2022/23
With growth for 2019 revised down to 0.3%,
                                                                The disappointing economic environment                                           – up from previous forecasts. Debt is not
and growth projections for this year only at
                                                                has not improved the public finances                                             expected to stabilise over the medium term.
0.9% , reaching 1.6% by 2022, indeed, hard
                                                                outlook. The consolidated budget deficit is
work needs to persist to unlock the country’s
                                                                forecast to expand further from 6.3% of GDP
growth potential.
                                                                in 2019/20 to 6.8% of GDP in 2020/21, owing

                                     Gross debt-to-GDP outlook, 2015/16-2022/23

                                                                2019 Budget                      2020 Budget

                                                                                                                                       71.6
                                                        72
                                                                                                                             69.1

                                                                                                                   65.6
                                      Per cent of GDP

                                                        64
                                                                                                        61.6

                                                                                             56.7                            58.9      59.7
                                                        56                                                         57.8
                                                                                  51.0                    56.2
                                                                                              55.6
                                                                       50.5
                                                             48.9
                                                        48
                                                                                                                                       2022/23
                                                                                                                   2020/21

                                                                                                                             2021/22
                                                                                                         2019/20
                                                                                              2018/19
                                                             2015/16

                                                                        2016/17

                                                                                   2017/18

                                     Source: National Treasury

Halting this fiscal deterioration requires                     dominated by debt-service costs at 12.3%                                    the cost of doing business through
implementing various measures. As the                          over the 2020/21 to 2022/23 period.                                         modernising network industries and
2020 Budget outlines, these measures                           Although learning and culture, and social                                   preferential measures for small businesses;
include a shift in the composition of                          development spending are the top key                                        restructuring SOEs; and implementing
spending, slower non-interest expenditure                      spending categories, debt-service costs                                     the reimagined industrial strategy among
growth such as moderating growth in                            also make up the third largest spending                                     others, will need to gain more momentum
the public service wage bill, as well as the                   category over the next three years.                                         and yield visible results going forward.
ongoing restructuring of SOEs. Other
                                                               Consolidated revenue is revised down to                                     While some of reforms are already
measures include a greater focus on
                                                               R1 583.9 billion in 2020/21, partly due                                     underway although at varying speeds,
efficiencies in spending, with key reforms
                                                               to the government’s decision not to                                         the most urgent of these is to ensure the
already underway. Spending cuts of
                                                               implement additional tax revenue                                            restructuring of the electricity sector, with
R261 billion over the next three years are
                                                               measures, with some tax relief granted, as                                  R230 billion allocated over the coming
proposed.
                                                               well as the slower than previously expected                                 decade towards this end. Inadequate and
Still, total expenditure increases to                          growth environment.                                                         interrupted power supply will continue to
R1 954.4 billion in 2020/21 from a revised                                                                                                 be among the largest downside risks to the
                                                               Fundamental pillars to the government’s
R1 843.5 billion for 2019/20. Average                                                                                                      economic and fiscal outlook of South Africa.
                                                               economic reform agenda, such as lowering
nominal growth in spending remains

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Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Tax policy proposals

Tax Policy Proposals                               Curtailing Excessive Corporate                     1 January 2021. The Budget Review
                                                   Interest Deductions                                states that the proposal is viewed as
The Minister announced that no major tax
                                                                                                      a reasonable approach that affects
increases were proposed for 2020/21. The           It is proposed to restrict net interest
                                                                                                      all businesses equally, rather than
following are the major proposals:                 expense deductions for companies to
                                                                                                      restricting the number of years of carrying
                                                   30% of earnings (EBITDA) for years of
                                                                                                      forward assessed losses, which would
• personal income tax brackets and                 assessment commencing on or after
                                                                                                      disproportionately hurt businesses with
  rebates are to be adjusted to give above         1 January 2021. Consultation on the design
                                                                                                      large initial investments or long lead times
  inflation relief for individuals. In the prior   of this proposed interest limitation begins
                                                                                                      to profitability.
  year no relief was effectively granted for       immediately and a discussion paper has
  inflation                                        been published on the National Treasury            International tax
                                                   website with a closing date for comments
• corporate interest deductions are going                                                             The transfer pricing rules do not apply
                                                   of 17 April 2020.
  to be limited to combat base erosion and                                                            where no tax benefit is derived in a
  profit shifting                                  Based on the analysis conducted,                   non-arm’s length transaction between
                                                   government proposes to implement the               two foreign connected parties (one
• the ability of companies to fully offset
                                                   OECD recommendations. Illustrative                 being a CFC). Government believes that
  assessed losses from previous years
                                                   examples show that replacing the existing          circumstances may arise where the SA
  against taxable income will be restricted
                                                   interest limitation rules (specifically those      resident shareholder of the CFC may
• the fuel levy is to be increased by 25c          in section 23M of the Income Tax Act) with         derive a tax benefit as a result of a lower
  per litre which consists of 16c per litre        the OECD approach will provide a more              inclusion of the CFC income. To address
  increase in the general fuel levy and 9c         uniform approach to all interest payments          the aforementioned situation it is therefore
  per litre increase in the Road Accident          flowing out of the country (regardless of          proposed that the legislation be amended
  Fund levy from 1 April 2020.                     which country the loan emanates from),             to refer to a tax benefit that may be
                                                   as well as enhance the level of base               derived by a person, in relation to a CFC.
• the annual contribution limit to tax-free
                                                   protection. Government proposes to
  savings accounts is to increase by R3 000                                                           Corporate rules
                                                   restrict net interest expense deductions
  per annum to R36 000 per annum from
                                                   to 30% of earnings. This is a decrease from        Amendments will be proposed to the
  1 March 2020
                                                   the current 40 per cent (adjusted according        anti-avoidance provisions contained in
• excise duties on alcohol and tobacco are         to prevailing interest rates) of earnings          intra-group corporate rule to address
  to increase by between 4.4% and 7.5%             interest limitation. The rules should only         an anomaly. It is understood that the
                                                   apply where the recipient is not subject to        interaction between the anti-avoidance
• a new excise duty on heated tobacco
                                                   tax in South Africa.                               rules for de-grouping, and rules for the
  products is introduced with immediate
                                                                                                      transfer of assets and the assumption of
  effect at a rate of 75% of the cigarette         It is proposed that the new rules replace
                                                                                                      related debt may result in double taxation.
  excise rate                                      section 23M. Transitional measures for
                                                   existing loans will be considered for third-       An amendment will be proposed to the
• the exemption of foreign remuneration
                                                   party loans.                                       unbundling corporate rule to close a
  earned by South African residents is to
                                                                                                      loophole that has come to the attention of
  be adjusted to R1.25 million from the            The OECD has recommended countries retain
                                                                                                      government. At present the rollover relief
  current proposed exemption of                    targeted rules that are in place to curtail base
                                                                                                      does not apply if, after the transaction,
  R1 million from 1 March 2020. The tax            erosion. Section 23N is an existing targeted
                                                                                                      20 percent or more of the shares in
  on foreign remuneration is due to be             rule, which will remain in place.
                                                                                                      an unbundled company are held by
  implemented for the first time on this
                                                   Limiting the Use of Assessed Losses to             non-residents either alone or together
  date.
                                                   Reduce Taxable Income                              with individuals connected to those non-
                                                                                                      residents. Government believes that the
                                                   Government proposes broadening the
These and other tax proposals are                                                                     current rule creates a loophole. To close
                                                   corporate tax base by restricting the
considered in further detail below.                                                                   this loophole it will be proposed for the
                                                   set-off of carried forward assessed losses
                                                                                                      20% rule to apply irrespective of whether
                                                   against current year’s income to 80%
                                                                                                      non-resident shareholders are connected
                                                   of such taxable income. The change is
                                                                                                      to each other.
                                                   proposed with the effect from years of
                                                   assessment commencing on or after

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Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Acquisition of assets in exchange for         refinements to these rules will be              There has also been an allocation
debt issued                                   proposed.                                       focused on township economies, with
                                                                                              R2.8 billion set aside for the Township
Government will propose amendments            Incentives
                                                                                              Entrepreneurship Fund to facilitate
to address anomalies arising on the
                                              National Treasury proposes introducing a        improved access to finance in the lower
acquisition of assets in exchange for debt
                                              28 February 2022 sunset date for certain        LSM
issued. At issue is whether the specific
                                              tax incentives. Government will review the
base cost rule for debt issued on the                                                        • allocations for special economic zones
                                              incentives in question before the sunset
acquisition of assets overrides the Income                                                     in the Infrastructure Investment
                                              date to determine whether they should be
Tax Act’s anti-avoidance provision for                                                         Support sub-programme are expected
                                              extended.
transactions between connection persons.                                                       to increase at an average annual rate
                                              The section 12I tax incentive related            of 13%, from R1.1 billion in 2019/20 to
Mining capital expenditure
                                              to industrial policy projects will not be        R1.6 billion in 2022/23, yet government
Taxpayers deriving income from mining         renewed beyond 31 March 2020. The                does not intend to extend tax incentives
operations are permitted to claim an          urban development zone incentive will be         beyond the six special economic zones
accelerated capital expenditure deduction.    extended for one year while a review of the      that have been approved by the Minister
Historically, it was understood that only     incentive is completed. Where incentives         of finance.
the mining rights holder qualified for the    do not currently have sunset dates,
                                                                                             • government will continue to offer
deduction. Although the Supreme Court of      government intends inserting such dates
                                                                                               Industrial business incentives worth
Appeal held in March 2019 that a contract     to avoid benefits continuing indefinitely
                                                                                               R18.5 billion, and much of this budget
miner also qualified for the accelerated      without adequate oversight.
                                                                                               will be largely targeted at the automotive
deduction, the Court expressed the view
                                              In addition, the following has been noted in     sectors, black industrialists and
that the dispensation was not intended
                                              respect of incentives:                           infrastructure grant support. Financial
to benefit contract miners. It is proposed
                                                                                               support to industrial parks is estimated
that the provisions dealing with allowable
                                              • small businesses will receive a much           to increase to support the refurbishment
mining capital expenditure be reviewed in
                                                needed boost as Government gears               of 27 industrial parks across South Africa
order to address concerns as to whether
                                                incentives away from large business.
both the mining rights holder and the                                                        • in line with Government’s mandate,
                                                Government has reinforced the
contract miner should qualify for the                                                          the Department of Tourism's (DoT)
                                                commitment to reducing red tape for
accelerated capital expenditure deduction.                                                     focus will be on the transformation
                                                small businesses to encourage growth
                                                                                               and job creation. In the medium
It is also proposed that the discretion         and consequently job creation
                                                                                               term, the DoT plans to restructure
which the Minister of Finance, in
                                              • R6.5 billion has been allocated for small      the Tourism Transformation Fund to
consultation with the Minister of Mineral
                                                business incentive programmes of which         make funding more accessible. The
Resources and Energy, has to permit the
                                                R2.2 billion will be transferred to the        DoT has also set aside R856 million
deduction of capital expenditure incurred
                                                Small Enterprise Development Agency            for the implementation of 31-capacity
on one mine from taxable income derived
                                                expected to be largely for loan funding        building programmes and 15 incentives
on another mine be reviewed with the aim
                                                and non-financial support. To encourage        to transform the sector and to provide
of its removal or restructuring.
                                                technology development and innovation,         developmental support to rural tourism
Tax treatment of doubtful debts                 The Innovation Fund will be capitalised        enterprises. The Working for Tourism
                                                with R1.2 billion over the next three          programme, through the Destination
The tax rules for determining the tax claim
                                                years. A One-Stop platform for small           Development programme is expected to
for doubtful debts by bank and non-bank
                                                medium and micro enterprises will be           increase its spending by R66 million, in
taxpayers were recently amended. These
                                                established in order to improve access         the medium term, in the hope of creating
rules take cognizance of whether the
                                                to financial and non-financial support.        approximately 16 000 new jobs
taxpayer applies IFRS 9 or not. Further

                                                                                                                                     7
Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

• the agricultural sector is one of the         Anti-avoidance rules for trusts                 address the uncertainty. In other words,
  priority sectors in SA’s industrial                                                           clarity on the value of the adjustment will
                                                Anti-avoidance measures were introduced
  policy. A R4.8 billion allocation to the                                                      be legislated where partial payments are
                                                in 2016 to curb the transfer of growth
  comprehensive agricultural support                                                            made
                                                assets to trusts using low interest or
  programme will be made in the medium
                                                interest-free loans, thereby avoiding estate   • introducing measures to address undue
  term in the Food Security, Land Reform
                                                duty. These rules were subsequently              VAT refunds on gold - schemes and
  and Restitution programme. These funds
                                                amended in 2017. It has come to the              malpractice to claim undue VAT refunds
  will be used to provide subsistence,
                                                attention of government that certain             have been detected in the value chain
  smaller-holder and commercial farmers
                                                taxpayers are undermining the adjusted           relating to gold exports. It is proposed
  with much needed infrastructure in
                                                rules by subscribing for preference              that appropriate regulations be
  areas of grain, livestock and horticultural
                                                shares in companies owned by trusts              considered or legislation be amended to
  production to facilitate growth.
                                                that are connected to individuals. Further       address this.
                                                amendments will be proposed to the rules
Individuals
                                                to prevent this new form of abuse.             Export Taxes
Relief granted to individuals by the
                                                VAT                                            Government proposes the introduction
adjustment to the personal income tax
                                                                                               of export taxes on scrap metal which
brackets and increases in rebates amounts       The following VAT related amendments
                                                                                               could replace the current price preference
to R14 billion (R12 billion is to adjust for    were proposed:
                                                                                               system. The Budget Review states that
inflation with the balance of
                                                                                               the reform is intended to improve the
R2 billion being relief granted in excess of    • electronic services - it is proposed that
                                                                                               availability of better quality scrap metal at
inflation). The tax-free threshold increases      intermediaries be permitted to account
                                                                                               affordable prices for domestic foundries
from R79 000 to R83 100. In addition,             for VAT on the payments basis
                                                                                               and mills. Consultation with the affected
an increase is proposed in the value of
                                                • telecommunication services – it              industries will begin immediately and will
medical tax credits from R310 to R319
                                                  is proposed that the definition of           be concluded by the end of May 2020 for
per month for the first two beneficiaries,
                                                  telecommunication services be clarified      consideration in the annual tax bills.
and from R209 to R215 per month for the
                                                  due to unintended consequences of the
remaining beneficiaries. The increase of                                                       Transfer duties
                                                  current definition
2.8% is in line with the announcement in
                                                                                               The brackets to calculate transfer duties
the 2018 Budget Review that the credit          • corporate reorganisation rules - where
                                                                                               will be adjusted for inflation from 1 March
would be adjusted by less than inflation to       the rollover relief provisions are used
                                                                                               2020. From 1 March 2020 no transfer
help fund the rollout of the National Health      in part for corporate income tax, it is
                                                                                               duty will be payable on the purchase of
Insurance (NHI).                                  proposed that this election should not
                                                                                               property with a value below R1 million.
                                                  lead to unintended VAT consequences.
Employer-provided bursaries
                                                  Therefore, section 8(25) (or 11(1)
Employer bursary schemes are currently            (e)) will be amended to ensure these
being promoted which seek to reclassify           transactions qualify for relief
ordinary remuneration as tax-exempt
                                                • clarifying the VAT treatment of
bursaries granted to the dependents
                                                  irrecoverable debts - where a vendor
of an employee. Government proposes
                                                  hasn’t paid a supplier within 12 months it
amendments taking effect on 1 March
                                                  must reverse any input tax it previously
2020 to close this loophole.
                                                  deducted. There is uncertainty regarding
                                                  the value of supply rule that applies in
                                                  certain circumstances. It is proposed that
                                                  clarity be provided in the legislation to

                                                                                                                                        8
Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Taxation of heated tobacco products             Tax administration                               the kind of information that may be
                                                                                                 published and the manner of publication
Government will introduce a new category        The legal framework and administration
or tariff subheading for heated tobacco         of PAYE will be reviewed with a view to         • SARS recently published draft diesel
products in the schedule of excise duties,      implementing a more modern, automated             refund rules and notes to the Customs
to be taxed with immediate effect at a rate     process for employers that is easy to             and Excise Act for public comment.
of 75% of the cigarette excise rate.            understand, access and maintain. The              The reform proposals and legislative
                                                reforms are expected to reduce the                framework will be refined further
Electronic cigarettes
                                                administrative burden for employers,              based on the outcome of stakeholder
Government plans to tax electronic cigarettes   payroll administrators and SARS.                  engagement during 2020
in 2021 due to concerns about health effects.
                                                In addition, the following tax administrative   • the interest provisions of the Mineral
Excise duties on alcohol and tobacco            initiatives were noted:                           and Petroleum Resources Royalty
                                                                                                  (Administration) Act and that contained
Government will increase most excise
                                                • Government will strengthen the Office of        in the Tax Administration Acts will be
duties by an amount that matches
                                                  the Tax Ombud and separate it financially       aligned
expected inflation of 4.4% for 2020/21, and
                                                  and operationally from SARS
by 6% in the case of sparkling wine and                                                         • SARS may currently issue an estimated
7.5% for pipe tobacco and cigars.               • recognising the need for an independent         assessment to a taxpayer who does not
                                                  office to oversee governance and                file a return. It is proposed that SARS
Carbon tax
                                                  conduct within SARS, government will            be permitted to also issue an estimated
The carbon tax rate will increase by 5.6%         propose a SARS Inspector General                assessment in cases where specific
for the 2020 calendar year. The carbon tax                                                        relevant material was requested from
                                                • government proposes the correction of
rate will thus increase from R120 per tonne                                                       a taxpayer on more than one occasion,
                                                  an anomaly that currently exists within
of carbon dioxide equivalent to R127 per                                                          without an adequate response.
                                                  the PBO legislation which has the effect
tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent.
                                                  of not applying the sanction for non-
Purchase tax on motor vehicle                     compliance with the PBO legislation to all    Tax policy reviews and research
emissions and incandescent global tax             non-compliant PBOs
                                                                                                The draft Upstream Petroleum Resources
Vehicle emission tax will increase with         • provisions will be proposed providing for     Development Bill was recently published
effect from 1 April 2020 in line with global      the refund of withholding tax on royalties    for comment.
standards and shift to fuel-efficient cars.       in cases where the underlying royalty
                                                                                                National Treasury will undertake or
Similarly, government proposes to increase        becomes irrecoverable
                                                                                                complete the following projects during
the incandescent light bulb levy with effect    • in view of the abuse of duty-free             2020/21:
from 1 April 2020 to encourage the uptake         purchases by certain diplomats it is
of more energy-efficient light bulbs              proposed that SARS be permitted to            • examining regulation treatment of
Levies on plastic                                 disclose information regarding duty-            unlisted REITs
                                                  free purchases by diplomats to the
Government proposes to the raise plastic                                                        • reviewing the tax treatment of amounts
                                                  Director-General of the Department of
bag levy from 12 to 25 cents with effect                                                          received by portfolios of collective
                                                  International Relations and Cooperation
from 1 April 2020. A review of the current                                                        investment schemes
levy, including a clarification of the tax      • it is proposed that the Customs and
treatment of compostable bags, will be            Excise Act be amended to provide for the
undertaken.                                       publication of tariff determinations and
                                                  rules prescribing the circumstances in
                                                  which such publication may take place,

                                                                                                                                         9
Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Exchange Control                                As regards individuals, whilst no mention
                                                is made of changes to current investment
The Minister announced a proposed
                                                limits applicable to individuals/natural
modernisation of the current foreign
                                                persons, reference was made to transfers
exchange system which will be phased
                                                in excess of R 10 million and this will come
in over the next twelve months. Going
                                                with a more stringent verification process
forward, all transactions will be permissible
                                                by SARS. It thus appears that there will be
except for a risk-based list of capital
                                                no limits on individuals externalising funds
flow measures. While these measures
                                                provided the necessary tax clearance
are mainly applicable to legal corporate
                                                has been obtained. Natural person
entities there will also be exchange control
                                                residents and natural person emigrants
reforms applicable to individuals.
                                                will be treated identically and the current
The risk-based list of capital flow measures    exchange control emigration concept
referred to above will include:                 will be phased out and be replaced by a
                                                SARS verification process. This will also
• South African corporates will not be          effect withdrawal of retirement funds on
  allowed to shift their primary domicile,      emigration and transferring dual listed
  except under exceptional circumstances        shares abroad.
  and as approved by the Minister

• approval conditions for corporates with a
  primary listing offshore will be aligned to
  current foreign direct investment criteria

• cross-border transactions will still need
  to be conducted via Authorised Dealers

• prudential limits on institutional
  investors and banks remain

• the unhedged foreign currency exposure
  for banks will remain limited to 10% of
  liabilities

• the domestic treasury management
  company policy will remain in place as
  well as the international headquarter
  company regime

• export of intellectual property for fair
  value to non-related parties will not be
  subject to approval

• the current policy pertaining to
  loop structures will remain until tax
  amendments are implemented to
  address the risks.

                                                                                                                             10
Budget 2020/21 | Deloitte Commentary

Contacts

For more information, contact your nearest Deloitte tax office.

Managing Director, Africa Tax & Legal
Delia Ndlovu, Tel: +27 (0)11 806 6185, Email: delndlovu@deloitte.co.za

Gauteng: Delia Ndlovu, Managing Director, Africa Tax & Legal
Tel: +27 (0)11 806 6185, Email: delndlovu@deloitte.co.za

KwaZulu-Natal: Mark Freer, Regional Leader, Africa Tax & Legal
Tel: +27 (0)31 560 7079, Email: mfreer@deloitte.co.za

Western Cape: Anthea Scholtz, Regional Leader, Africa Tax & Legal
Tel: +27 (0)21 427 5504, Email: ascholtz@deloitte.co.za

Editorial team
Hannah Marais
Tel: +27 (0)11 304 5463, Email: hmarais@deloitte.co.za

Moray Wilson
Tel: +27 (0)21 427 5515, Email: morwilson@deloitte.co.za

Ruben Johannes
Tel: +27 (0)21 427 5516, Email: rjohannes@deloitte.co.za

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Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/deloittesa
Blog: http://www.deloitteblog.co.za or http://blog.deloitte.co.za
Website: http://www.deloitte.co.za
Linkedin: http://www.linkedin.com/company/deloitte-south-africa/

                                                                                                        1
This guide is based on the Budget proposals tabled in Parliament by the Minister of Finance on
26 February 2020. These proposals are, however, subject to approval by Parliament. The
information contained in this guide is for general guidance only and is not intended as a substitute
for specific advice in considering the tax effects of particular transactions. While every care has
been taken in the compilation of the information contained herein, no liability is accepted for the
consequences of any inaccuracies contained in this guide.

© 2020 Deloitte & Touche. All rights reserved. Member of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited
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