COVID-19 Situation Report 385 - NUS Module Blogs
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
For citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Feb 18
COVID-19
Situation Report 385
Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research (CIDER)For citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
i. Background
In December, China notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of several cases of human respiratory
illness, which appeared to be linked to an open seafood and livestock market in the city of Wuhan. The
infecting agent has since been identified as a novel coronavirus, previously known as 2019-nCoV and now
called SAR-CoV-2; The new name of the disease has also been termed COVID-19, as of 11th February 2020.
Although the virus is presumed zoonotic in origin, person-to-person spread is evident. Screening of
travellers, travel bans and quarantine measures are being implemented in many countries. Despite these
precautions, it is anticipated that more cases will be seen both inside China and internationally. The WHO
declared the outbreak of COVID-19 constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30
January. On 11 March, 2020, WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic as the global death toll
rose above 4,600 and the number of confirmed cases topped 125,000. This report aims to update Global
Risk Assessment, Global Epidemiology, Quarantine Orders, Travel Ban/Advisory by countries, WHO’s and
CDC’s Guidance and Protocols and Scientific publication on a daily basis. New updates in the tables are
bolded.
1|Page Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
ii. Global Risk Assessment
Table 1. Risk assessment of COVID-19 by WHO regions (Updated as of 18 Feb 2021, 1200H SGT)
Severity of Availability of Treatment/ Overall
Environmental Risk Transmissibility
Disease Vaccination# Risk
Global (n=197 countries)
High Moderate High Limited
Globally, 188 (95.4%) countries (excluding Based on CDC Case The number of countries that have
territories*) have reported the outbreak. data, median R0 fatality rate commenced mass vaccination in each
is estimated to is currently region are as follows: Combined WPRO
Using an incidence >20 cases/100,000 be 5.8 (95% CI at 2.21% and SEARO (10 countries), EURO (39
people over the past 14-days as cut-off for 4.4–7.7), but globally. countries), EMRO (10 countries),
a surge in cases, the number of countries the estimated Most cases Americas (12 countries), and Africa (3
reporting a surge in cases in each region effective present as countries).&
are as follows: Combined WPRO and reproduction flu-like
SEARO (5 countries), number in 171 illness. International clinical trials published on
EURO (47 countries), countries 2 September confirm that cheap, widely
EMRO (12 countries), Americas (29 ranged from available steroid drugs can help
countries), and Africa (14 countries). 0.023 to 2.7.$ seriously ill patients survive Covid-19.
The World Health Organization issued
Only 4 (2%) countries/territories have no new treatment guidance, strongly
reported restrictions on inbound arrivals, recommending steroids to treat
while 144 (78%) countries/territories have severely and critically ill patients, but
partially reopened their borders – require not to those with mild disease. [4]
arrivals to produce a negative COVID-19
test result and/or undergo self-quarantine Researchers have found all regimens of
upon arrival. 53 (29%) anticoagulants to be far superior to no
countries/territories are totally closed to anticoagulants in COVID-19 patients.
international arrivals. [1] More specifically, patients on both a High
“therapeutic” or full dose and those on
On October 7, the Centers for Disease a “prophylactic” or lower dose, showed
Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed about a 50% higher chance of survival
airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2. [2] and roughly a 30% lower chance of
intubation, than those not on
The U.S. CDC has revised its guidance on anticoagulants. It was observed that
COVID-19 quarantine period from 14 days therapeutic and prophylactic
to 7-10 days, based one's test results and subcutaneous low-molecular weight
symptoms. Individuals without symptoms heparin and therapeutic oral apixaban
only need quarantine for 10 days without may lead to better results. [3]
testing; those tested negative can
quarantine for 7 days. [14] A new strain known as B.1.525
containing the same E484K mutation
The US Centers for Disease Control and found in the Brazilian and South African
Prevention (CDC) on 10 Feb announced variants has been detected in Britain
that fully vaccinated people did not need [18].
to quarantine if they received their last
dose within three months and 14 days
after their last shot, the time it takes to
develop immunity. [16]
2|Page Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Western Pacific Region and South-East Asia Region (n=41 countries)
Moderate Moderate Moderate High
33 (80.5%) countries have reported As of February Case Vaccine coverage information was
outbreaks; but only 5 (12.2%) are 15, the fatality rate available for 10 countries as of 16
reporting a surge in cases. estimated is 1.56%. February 2021. Coverage for: i) at least
effective 1 dose was atFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Highest incidence over the past 14 days COVID-19 patients using UAECell19.
were reported from Bahrain, Jordan, 1,200 have fully recovered. [6]
Kuwait, Lebanon and UAE, and highest
case numbers were reported from Iran, As of April, an Israeli firm is using
Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon and UAE. placenta pluristem cells to treat COVID-
19 patients on a compassionate use
At least 6 countries have closed their basis. [5]
borders, 15 countries have opened their
borders partially conditionally, and only 1
country is allowing free travel.
Region of the Americas (n=35 countries)
High Moderate High High
35 (100%) countries have reported with As of February Case Vaccine coverage information was
outbreak; 29 (82.9%) countries are 15, the fatality rate available for 12 countries as of 16
reporting a surge in cases. estimated is 2.36%. February 2021. Coverage for: i) at least
effective 1 dose was atFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
As of October 22, remdesivir is the first
and only FDA-approved COVID-19
treatment in the U.S. [7].
FDA has issued EUA to Eli Lilly’s
combination antibody therapy of
bamlanivimab and etesevimab to treat
mild to moderate COVID-19 patients
who are at risk of serious illness or
hospitalization. [15]
African Region (n=46 countries)
Moderate Moderate High High
46 (100%) countries have reported with As of February Case Vaccine coverage information was
outbreak; 14 (30.4%) countries are 15, the fatality rate available for 3 countries as of 16
reporting a surge in cases. estimated is 2.53%. February 2021. Coverage for: i) at least
effective 1 dose was atFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
iii. Global Epidemiology
Table 2. Summary of COVID-19 cases & fatalities globally (Updated as of 18 Feb 2021, 1200H SGT)
Case-
No. of Total Cases Case-
Fatality
Countries/ Total Global Outside Total Fatality
Rate (%) R0
Territories Cases Mainland Deaths Rate (%)
[outside
with Cases China [overall]
China]
5.8 (95% CI 4.4–
219 110,431,584 110,341,778 2,440,948 2.21% 2.21%
7.7)^
^Based on early release as of 10th April, 2020: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/7/20-0282_article
Table 3. Comparison with other viruses
Virus Incubation Period (Days) Case Fatality Rate (%) R0
Median = 5.1$
SARS-CoV-2 2.21 5.8 (95% CI 4.4–7.7) ^
(2-14) or up to 24*
SARS-CoV 2-7 9.6 2.0For citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Figure 2. Growth Factor excluding mainland China
Figure 3. Growth Factor of Novel Coronavirus Daily Deaths (Mainland China + Other Countries)
Growth Factor = every day’s cases/cases on previous day. A growth factor above 1 indicates an increase, whereas one between 0 and 1 is a sign
of decline, with the quantity eventually becoming zero. A growth factor below 1 (or above 1 but trending downward) is a positive sign, whereas
a growth factor constantly above 1 is the sign of exponential growth.
Source: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/coronavirus-cases/
7|Page Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Case Breakdown by Countries
Live update of COVID-19 global cases can be found at
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/a1746ada9bff48c09ef76e5a788b5910
Table 4. Breakdown of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths (Updated as of 18 Feb 2021, 1200 SGT)
Country Total Cases Change Total DeathsChange Total Recovered Region
1 USA 28,453,526 +72306 502,544 +2553 18,596,497 Americas
2 India 10,950,201 +13095 156,038 +89 10,656,845 SEARO
3 Brazil 9,979,276 +57295 242,178 +1195 8,950,450 Americas
4 Russia 4,112,151 +12828 81,446 +467 3,642,582 EURO
5 UK 4,071,185 +12717 118,933 +738 2,282,703 EURO
6 France 3,514,147 +25018 83,122 +310 245,737 EURO
7 Spain 3,107,172 +10829 66,316 +337 2,410,846 EURO
8 Italy 2,751,657 +12066 94,540 +369 2,268,253 EURO
9 Turkey 2,609,359 +7325 27,738 +86 2,496,833 EURO
10 Germany 2,362,364 +9598 67,074 +538 2,154,600 EURO
11 Colombia 2,207,701 +5103 58,134 +185 2,099,628 Americas
12 Argentina 2,039,124 +6064 50,616 +184 1,842,878 Americas
13 Mexico 2,013,563 +8988 177,061 +1075 1,571,071 Americas
14 Poland 1,605,372 +8699 41,308 +280 1,354,598 EURO
15 Iran 1,542,076 +8042 59,184 +67 1,317,612 EMRO
16 South Africa 1,496,439 +2320 48,478 +165 1,399,829 Africa
17 Ukraine 1,280,904 +4286 24,689 +147 1,128,890 EURO
18 Peru 1,252,137 +7408 44,308 +252 1,156,408 Americas
19 Indonesia 1,243,646 +9687 33,788 +192 1,047,676 SEARO
20 Czechia 1,112,322 +12668 18,596 +166 987,515 EURO
21 Netherlands 1,038,156 +3361 15,017 +88 N/A EURO
22 Canada 834,182 +2605 21,435 +38 779,761 Americas
23 Portugal 790,885 +2324 15,649 +127 683,061 EURO
24 Chile 784,314 +2275 19,659 +15 743,306 Americas
25 Romania 768,785 +2815 19,588 +62 714,709 EURO
26 Belgium 741,205 +1717 21,750 +48 50,930 EURO
27 Israel 738,629 +4054 5,473 +32 681,249 EURO
28 Iraq 653,557 +3575 13,204 +12 611,036 EMRO
29 Sweden 622,102 +4233 12,569 +82 N/A EURO
30 Pakistan 565,989 +1165 12,436 +56 528,545 EMRO
31 Philippines 553,424 +1178 11,577 +53 512,033 WPRO
32 Switzerland 545,535 +1253 9,849 +32 490,280 EURO
33 Bangladesh 541,877 +443 8,314 +16 489,254 SEARO
34 Morocco 479,579 +508 8,517 +13 461,466 EMRO
8|Page Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
35 Austria 437,874 +1735 8,290 +30 415,221 EURO
36 Serbia 426,487 +2467 4,277 +16 31,536 EURO
37 Japan 419,015 +1250 7,102 +87 391,208 WPRO
38 Hungary 391,170 +1548 13,931 +94 299,989 EURO
39 Saudi Arabia 373,702 +334 6,445 +4 364,646 EMRO
40 UAE 358,583 +3452 1,055 +14 343,935 EMRO
41 Jordan 355,106 +2887 4,503 +12 330,805 EMRO
42 Lebanon 346,080 +2479 4,152 +60 250,994 EMRO
43 Panama 333,755 +504 5,672 +17 316,048 Americas
44 Slovakia 282,864 +3168 6,168 +105 255,300 EURO
45 Nepal 273,070 +125 2,055 0 269,394 SEARO
46 Belarus 272,273 +1352 1,876 +9 261,568 EURO
47 Malaysia 272,163 +2998 1,005 +22 229,762 WPRO
48 Ecuador 268,219 +146 15,394 +2 230,377 Americas
49 Georgia 266,948 +486 3,390 +13 259,727 EURO
50 Croatia 238,501 +502 5,375 +18 230,907 EURO
51 Bolivia 238,495 +789 11,303 +29 181,338 Americas
52 Bulgaria 233,342 +1246 9,744 +41 198,888 EURO
53 Azerbaijan 232,491 +154 3,187 +2 227,116 EURO
54 Dominican Republic 231,737 +642 2,990 +15 180,170 Americas
55 Tunisia 225,116 +787 7,651 +34 185,421 EMRO
56 Ireland 211,751 +638 4,036 +56 23,364 EURO
57 Denmark 205,597 +414 2,316 +8 197,746 EURO
58 Kazakhstan 204,924 +869 2,540 0 188,606 EURO
59 Costa Rica 200,888 +434 2,745 +8 166,979 Americas
60 Lithuania 191,821 +557 3,113 +18 176,671 EURO
61 Slovenia 181,606 +1086 3,745 +12 166,220 EURO
62 Kuwait 180,505 +1017 1,019 +5 168,420 EMRO
63 Egypt 175,677 +618 10,150 +49 136,081 EMRO
64 Greece 174,659 +754 6,194 +13 155,913 EURO
65 Moldova 172,815 +1301 3,697 +19 159,339 EURO
66 Palestine 170,527 +1040 1,948 +6 158,709 EMRO
67 Armenia 169,597 +206 3,155 +5 161,476 EURO
68 Guatemala 168,880 +777 6,164 +6 155,920 Americas
69 Honduras 162,584 +857 3,933 +20 63,618 Americas
70 Qatar 158,591 +453 256 0 148,766 EMRO
71 Nigeria 149,369 +1073 1,787 +10 125,722 Africa
72 Ethiopia 149,308 +818 2,237 +14 130,124 Africa
73 Paraguay 147,253 +1037 2,991 +20 123,293 Americas
74 Myanmar 141,690 +31 3,192 0 130,944 SEARO
75 Oman 138,206 +277 1,549 +5 129,752 EMRO
76 Venezuela 134,319 +392 1,297 +5 126,342 Americas
9|Page Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
77 Libya 128,348 +312 2,056 +5 112,731 EMRO
78 Bosnia and Herzegovina 126,781 +368 4,949 +14 109,274 EURO
79 Bahrain 115,057 +696 410 0 107,016 EMRO
80 Algeria 111,247 +178 2,947 +2 76,489 Africa
81 Kenya 103,332 +144 1,801 +4 85,391 Africa
82 North Macedonia 97,803 +347 3,010 +7 88,469 EURO
83 Albania 95,726 +1075 1,600 +18 59,684 EURO
84 China 89,806 +11 4,636 0 84,650 WPRO
85 Kyrgyzstan 85,619 +55 1,446 +2 82,452 EURO
86 S. Korea 85,567 +621 1,544 +6 75,896 WPRO
87 Uzbekistan 79,497 +36 622 0 77,993 EURO
88 Latvia 78,643 +946 1,508 +22 66,208 EURO
89 Ghana 78,271 +1225 565 +10 69,775 Africa
90 Sri Lanka 77,906 +722 422 +13 71,176 SEARO
91 Zambia 71,677 +854 983 +9 64,040 Africa
92 Montenegro 70,174 +404 916 +6 60,805 EURO
93 Norway 67,498 +358 607 +14 63,783 EURO
94 Singapore 59,821 +11 29 0 59,676 WPRO
95 El Salvador 58,023 0 1,767 +9 52,688 Americas
96 Afghanistan 55,557 +17 2,430 +2 48,626 EMRO
97 Estonia 54,300 +856 510 +2 43,054 EURO
98 Luxembourg 53,329 +267 616 +4 49,994 EURO
99 Mozambique 52,629 +829 561 +10 32,857 Africa
100 Finland 51,595 +548 723 +3 40,000 EURO
101 Uruguay 50,208 +483 553 +7 44,481 Americas
102 Cuba 40,765 +824 277 +3 35,324 Americas
103 Uganda 40,102 +39 331 0 14,569 Africa
104 Namibia 36,440 +74 394 +2 34,440 Africa
105 Zimbabwe 35,423 +108 1,418 +4 31,615 Africa
106 Cyprus 32,828 +121 227 +2 2,057 EURO
107 Cameroon 32,098 0 479 0 29,609 Africa
108 Senegal 31,771 +295 769 +9 26,095 Africa
109 Ivory Coast 31,497 +132 180 +1 29,741 Africa
110 Malawi 29,634 +213 976 +8 15,321 Africa
111 Australia 28,912 +3 909 0 26,134 WPRO
112 Sudan 28,025 +40 1,864 +1 22,606 EMRO
113 Botswana 25,802 0 226 0 21,893 Africa
114 Thailand 24,961 +175 82 0 23,697 SEARO
115 DRC 24,602 +179 695 0 15,560 Africa
116 Angola 20,400 +11 496 +2 18,951 Africa
117 Malta 20,246 +199 298 +1 17,523 EURO
118 Jamaica 20,016 +243 381 +3 12,735 Americas
10 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
119 Madagascar 19,598 0 292 0 18,915 Africa
120 French Polynesia 18,321 +22 136 0 4,842 Non
121 Maldives 18,224 +142 58 0 15,768 SEARO
122 Rwanda 17,716 +122 243 +3 15,918 Africa
123 Mauritania 17,041 +25 432 +1 16,315 Africa
124 Eswatini 16,673 +67 637 +3 12,487 Non
125 French Guiana 16,456 0 80 0 9,995 Non
126 Guinea 15,088 +68 85 0 14,577 Africa
127 Syria 15,001 +50 987 +3 8,903 EMRO
128 Cabo Verde 14,848 +63 141 +1 14,338 Africa
129 Mayotte 14,481 +444 85 0 2,964 Non
130 Tajikistan 13,308 0 90 0 13,218 EURO
131 Gabon 13,107 +242 75 0 11,955 Africa
132 Haiti 12,206 0 247 0 9,363 Americas
133 Belize 12,195 +7 314 +1 11,708 Americas
134 Burkina Faso 11,672 +42 138 0 11,012 Africa
135 Réunion 11,562 +655 48 +1 10,576 Non
136 Hong Kong 10,813 +16 195 0 10,269 WPRO
137 Andorra 10,583 +28 107 0 10,066 EURO
138 Lesotho 10,375 +25 279 +25 3,198 Africa
139 Guadeloupe 9,528 0 158 0 2,242 Non
140 Suriname 8,832 +12 168 +1 8,285 Americas
141 Congo 8,419 0 123 0 7,019 Africa
142 Bahamas 8,383 0 179 0 7,071 Americas
143 Guyana 8,313 +51 189 +1 7,519 Americas
144 Mali 8,256 +15 342 0 6,247 Africa
145 Trinidad and Tobago 7,663 +7 138 0 7,366 Americas
146 Aruba 7,513 +52 69 0 7,152 Non
147 Martinique 6,553 0 45 0 98 Non
148 Nicaragua 6,398 0 172 0 4,225 Americas
149 Iceland 6,044 +5 29 0 5,986 EURO
150 Togo 6,007 +54 81 0 5,146 Africa
151 Djibouti 6,006 +25 63 0 5,868 EMRO
152 South Sudan 5,922 +212 79 0 3,876 Africa
153 Equatorial Guinea 5,694 0 87 0 5,426 Africa
154 Somalia 5,500 +127 172 +9 3,750 EMRO
155 Benin 5,143 +104 65 +3 4,119 Africa
156 CAR 4,996 0 63 0 4,885 Africa
157 Niger 4,715 +9 170 +1 4,193 Africa
158 Curaçao 4,658 +3 22 0 4,576 Non
159 Gambia 4,469 0 138 0 3,912 Africa
160 Gibraltar 4,226 +2 87 0 4,082 Non
11 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
161 Channel Islands 4,013 +4 85 0 3,777 Non
162 Sierra Leone 3,825 0 79 0 2,583 Africa
163 Chad 3,724 +35 132 +1 3,223 Africa
164 Comoros 3,413 +20 135 +2 3,000 Africa
165 San Marino 3,394 +42 72 0 3,028 EURO
166 Guinea-Bissau 2,999 +49 46 0 2,482 Africa
167 Eritrea 2,627 +61 7 0 1,973 Africa
168 Saint Lucia 2,576 +27 24 +1 2,275 Americas
169 Liechtenstein 2,540 0 54 +1 2,470 Non
170 Mongolia 2,493 +49 2 0 1,802 WPRO
171 Barbados 2,457 +126 28 +3 1,698 Americas
172 New Zealand 2,344 +4 26 0 2,272 WPRO
173 Vietnam 2,329 +18 35 0 1,574 WPRO
174 Seychelles 2,211 +153 10 0 1,607 Africa
175 Yemen 2,151 +3 618 0 1,431 EMRO
176 Sint Maarten 2,021 +8 27 0 1,940 Non
177 Liberia 1,985 0 85 0 1,794 Africa
178 Turks and Caicos 1,909 +35 13 0 1,596 Non
179 Burundi 1,895 +40 3 0 773 Africa
180 Monaco 1,816 +29 22 +1 1,590 EURO
181 Sao Tome and Principe 1,535 +15 20 +1 1,136 Africa
182 Saint Martin 1,497 +89 12 0 1,050 Non
183 St. Vincent Grenadines 1,462 +5 6 0 632 Americas
184 Papua New Guinea 955 0 10 0 846 WPRO
185 Taiwan 938 +1 9 0 879 WPRO
186 Bhutan 866 0 1 0 856 SEARO
187 Diamond Princess 712 0 13 0 699 NA
188 Bermuda 697 +2 12 0 679 Non
189 Faeroe Islands 658 0 1 0 654 Non
190 Mauritius 603 0 10 0 556 Africa
191 Antigua and Barbuda 525 +82 10 +1 213 Americas
192 St. Barth 512 +57 1 0 247 Non
193 Tanzania 509 0 21 0 183 Africa
194 Cambodia 483 +4 0 0 470 WPRO
195 Isle of Man 437 0 25 0 408 Non
196 Cayman Islands 419 0 2 0 388 Non
197 Caribbean Netherlands 360 0 3 0 244 Non
198 Brunei 185 +1 3 0 178 WPRO
199 Grenada 148 0 1 0 146 Americas
200 Dominica 134 0 0 0 121 Americas
201 British Virgin Islands 114 0 1 0 95 Non
202 Timor-Leste 102 0 0 0 62 SEARO
12 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
203 Fiji 56 0 2 0 54 WPRO
204 Falkland Islands 54 0 0 0 43 Non
205 New Caledonia 52 0 0 0 50 Non
206 Macao 48 0 0 0 46 WPRO
207 Laos 45 0 0 0 41 WPRO
208 Saint Kitts and Nevis 41 0 0 0 39 Americas
209 Greenland 30 0 0 0 30 Non
210 Vatican City 27 0 0 0 15 Non
211 Saint Pierre Miquelon 24 0 0 0 16 Non
212 Montserrat 20 0 1 0 13 Non
213 Anguilla 18 0 0 0 18 Non
214 Solomon Islands 18 0 0 0 14 WPRO
215 Western Sahara 10 0 1 0 8 Non
216 MS Zaandam 9 0 2 0 7 NA
217 Wallis and Futuna 9 0 0 0 5 Non
218 Marshall Islands 4 0 0 0 4 WPRO
219 Samoa 3 0 0 0 2 WPRO
220 Micronesia 1 0 0 0 1 WPRO
221 Vanuatu 1 0 0 0 1 WPRO
Total 110,431,584 +399222 2,440,948 +11241 85,303,981
Figure 4. Areas with reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 (8 February – 14 February 2021)
Source: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports
13 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Table 5. COVID-19 cases and deaths reported by provinces in China (Updated as of 18 Feb 2021, 1200H
SGT)
Area Existing Change from Total Deaths Change from Recovered
Active previous day Diagnosed previous day
Cases (Active cases) Cases (Deaths)
Hebei 149 -4 1,317 7 0 1,161
Shanghai 86 -2 1,769 7 0 1,676
Jilin 75 -13 573 3 0 495
Guangdong 60 +2 2,180 8 0 2,112
Heilongjiang 42 -7 1,610 13 0 1,555
Beijing 26 -6 1,046 9 0 1,011
Jiangsu 15 0 703 0 0 688
Zhejiang 13 0 1,320 1 0 1,306
Sichuan 12 +1 882 3 0 867
Shaanxi 12 -1 547 3 0 532
Tianjin 12 -1 349 3 0 334
Fujian 10 -2 548 1 0 537
Hunan 6 -1 1,033 4 0 1,023
Shanxi 3 -2 239 0 0 236
Hubei 1 +1 68,151 4,512 0 63,638
Henan 1 0 1,304 22 0 1,281
Liaoning 1 0 404 2 0 401
Inner Mongolia 1 0 367 1 0 365
Yunnan 1 0 231 2 0 228
Anhui 0 0 994 6 0 988
Xinjiang 0 0 980 3 0 977
Jiangxi 0 0 935 1 0 934
Shandong 0 -1 867 7 0 860
Chongqing 0 0 591 6 0 585
Guangxi 0 0 267 2 0 265
Gansu 0 0 187 2 0 185
Hainan 0 0 171 6 0 165
Guizhou 0 0 147 2 0 145
Ningxia 0 0 75 0 0 75
Qinghai 0 0 18 0 0 18
Tibet 0 0 1 0 0 1
Source: https://ncov.dxy.cn/ncovh5/view/pneumonia
14 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
iv. Travel Bans/Advisories & Quarantine Orders
[1] Australia - Australia has extended its pause on quarantine-free flights from New Zealand for
another 72 hours starting 16 Feb.
[2] Canada - Canada's mandatory, 14-day quarantine for most arriving visitors which was to expire
on 21 Feb, has been extended to 21 April, 2021.
[3] India - Travellers from the UK, Brazil and South Africa taking connecting flights from the
international airport they land at will have to get tested and exit the airport only after
confirmation of negative test report which may take 6-8 hours. Those who are found negative
shall be allowed to take their connecting flights and would be advised quarantine at home for 7
days. These travellers will be tested again after 7 days and if negative, released from quarantine.
[4] Lithuania - All countries worldwide have been put on its COVID-19 list of affected countries.
Quarantine period is shortened from 14 days to 10 days for all persons wishing to enter the
country.
[5] Spain - Travellers from South Africa and Brazil will have to quarantine for 10 days upon arrival
unless they test negative during their quarantine, in which case they would regain mobility after
seven days.
[6] Sri Lanka - On 17 Feb, the temporary travel restrictions introduced on visitors traveling from
Britain due to the spread of a new COVID-19 variant were lifted with immediate effect.
[7] USA – Alaska no longer requires proof of a negative COVID-19 test upon arrival. The change in
travel restrictions came on Feb. 14, when the state's emergency declaration expired.
[8] Vietnam - Ho Chi Minh City and some northern localities will isolate people returning from
Covid-19 hotspots where the disease has been found or are under lockdown or social distancing
after Tet holidays for 14 days and tested four times.
v. Lockdowns
[1] Canada (Quebec) – Starting 26 Feb, movie theatres will open maintaining two-metre distancing
along with swimming pools and indoor rink while, the nightly curfews will remain in place.
Outaouais region will become an orange zone.
[2] New Zealand - A lockdown in the New Zealand city of Auckland will end at midnight, 17 Feb.
[3] Ukraine - Coronavirus-related quarantine has been extended until April 30, 2021 and different
epidemiological risk levels in the regions, namely green, yellow, orange, or red has been
reintroduced.
15 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
vi. Military Surveillance
Update: COVID-19 cases in US military [1]
As of Feb. 17 there have now been 237,905 total cases of COVID-19, within the DoD: 152,905 military,
24,381 dependents, 45,106 civilians and 15,169 Defense Department contractors. In addition, 108,903
military members, 16,809 dependents, 28,514 civilians and 10,138 contractors have recovered, and 281
DoD-connected personnel have died: 22 troops, 10 dependents, 184 civilians and 65 contractors. Of the
cases, 3,502 have required hospitalization, officials said: 1,385 service members, 1,280 civilians, 361
dependents and 476 contractors.
Update: COVID-19 in the U.S. Forces Japan [2]
The U.S. military in Japan reported two new coronavirus patients as of 6 p.m. on 17 Feb. Both were
already quarantined after recently arriving in Japan, one at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni near
Hiroshima and the other at Kadena Air Base on Okinawa.
vii. WHO Guidance & Other Protocols
The following update was published by the WHO on 17 February 2021:
Operational considerations to expedite genomic sequencing component of GISRS surveillance
of SARS-CoV-2
Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-genomic-sequencing-
GISRS-2021.1
viii. CDC Guidance & Protocols
US CDC
The following update was published by the US CDC on 17 February 2021:
Interim Guidance on Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Correctional and
Detention Facilities
Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/correction-
detention/guidance-correctional-detention.html
EU CDC
The following updates were published by the EU CDC on 16 February 2021:
Behavioural Insights research to support the response to COVID-19: a survey of implementation
in the EU/EEA
Available at: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/behavioural-insights-research-
support-response-covid-19
16 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
ix. Vaccines/Therapeutics Development
Noteworthy reports are included to inform main developments of COVID-19 pharmaceutics. Past updates
are available from situation report 211 onwards. A global map and registry of trials is also visualised &
accessible at: https://www.covid-nma.com/dataviz/ and trial results are available at: https://covid-
nma.com/living_data/index.php. A living systematic review of vaccine trials is also accessable at
https://covid-nma.com/vaccines/ or https://covid-nma.com/ .
Vaccines
[1] South Africa - Coronavirus vaccine campaign was launched on 17 Feb, becoming the first country
worldwide to administer inoculations by US pharma giant Johnson & Johnson.
Therapeutics
No new updates were reported on 18 February 2021.
Vaccine Approval Status
Table 6: Number of approving countries per vaccine as of 12th February, 2021
Vaccine Number of countries approving
FBRI EpiVacCorona 1
BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 57
Moderna mRNA-1273 37
CanSino Ad5-nCoV 2
Gamaleya Sputnik V 20
Oxford/AstraZeneca AZD1222 46
Serum Institute of India Covishield 9
Bharat Biotech Covaxin 1
Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV 13
Sinopharm Inactivated 2
Sinovac CoronaVac 7
Source: https://covid19.trackvaccines.org/vaccines/
17 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
Adverse Reactions & Effects
The following table documents adverse reactions reported from approved vaccines and therapeutics.
New updates are bolded.
Table 7: Compilation of reports & guidance on adverse reactions
Vaccine Report/Guidance Reference
[Canada; Report] One person in Manitoba reportedly had an adverse
reaction after receiving the first dose on December 23. There were 490 [1]
more individuals vaccinated.
[United Kingdom; Report] Two British healthcare workers suffered
[2]
anaphylactic shock after receiving the vaccine.
[United States; Report] A healthcare worker in New York City suffered
anaphylaxis after receiving Pfizer BioNTech’s vaccine. The worker is
[3]
currently in a stable condition. 30,000 people have been vaccinated so
far.
[United States; Report] Two healthcare workers in northern Idaho and
the Treasure Valley, experienced severe allergic reactions after receiving
[4]
the vaccine. As of the time of reporting, one has fully recovered while
the other is expected to be discharged soon.
[United States; Report] There have been two cases of severe allergic
reaction in Alaska after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Symptoms of
[5]
the latest case include tongue swelling, hoarse voice and difficulty
breathing, which kicked in about 10 mins after receving the vaccine.
[United States; Report] An individual at Decatur Morgan hospital,
Alabama, experienced severe allergic reaction several minutes after [6]
getting the vaccine. The patient is currently in a stable condition.
[United States; Report] Two healthcare workers from Essentia Health,
Pfizer BioNTech
Minnesota had non-severe allergic reactions to the vaccine. About 2,500
[7]
doses of the vaccines have been administered to frontline workers at
Essentia Health.
[United States; Report] According to Pfizer’s data submitted to the FDA,
the most common side effects were swelling and redness at the vaccine
injection site. Other noted common side effects in the trial included [8]
fatigue, headache and muscle pain, which had a greater chance of
occurring after the second dose than the first dose.
[United States; Guidance] The Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) has issued new guidance on 21 December regarding
allergies and coronavirus vaccines after reports of severe allergic
[9]
reactions to the jab. In the new guidance, the CDC recommends that
those who have a severe reaction to the first shot of the vaccine should
not receive the second jab.
[United States; Guidance] Health experts have said that the side effects
of COVID-19 vaccines by Pfizer BioNTech (and Moderna) are short-term
and manageable. The American College of Allergy, Asthma &
Immunology recently released a guideline on the risk of allergic [10]
reactions to Pfizer BioNTech’s vaccine. The guideline is available at
https://acaai.org/news/american-college-allergy-asthma-and-
immunology-updates-guidance-risk-allergic-reactions-mrna.
18 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
[Canada; Report] Of 11,930 doses of Pfizer BioNTech’s vaccine
administered in British Columbia so far there have been 2 cases of [11]
allergic reaction.
[Israel; Report] On December 28, a 46-year-old man in Jerusalem
suffered severe anaphylactic shock one hour after receiving a COVID-19
vaccination. He is the first in Israel to have such a reaction, and is
reportedly allergic to penicillin. His condition has since stabilized.
[12]
Separately, a 75-year old man died of heart failure at home some hours
after receiving Pfizer BioNTech’s vaccine. The man was reported to have
heart disease and cancer, and had suffered a number of previous heart
attacks. While investigations are still ongoing, preliminary findings
indicated that the death did not appear to be connected to the shot.
[Finland; Report] On January 2, the first adverse reaction against the
[13]
vaccine was reported. No further details were released.
[Mexico; Report] A 32-year-old doctor in Mexico has been admitted to
intensive care unit with seizures, breathing difficulties and possible
encephalomyelitis. While the cause of the adverse reaction is still under
investigation, preliminary diagnosis indicates encephalomyelitis. The
patient condition has been stablized and is receiving treatment to
reduce inflammation.
[14]
[15]
[Update] The doctor was allergic to sulfa drugs and has a family history
of allergies. After developing allergic reaction, medication was
administered to recover from the symptoms. However, she had
subsequently suffered from convulsion. Diagnosis at that time was
allergic reaction to the vaccine but the cause for convulsion and
reduction of muscle strength is still being studied.
[Bulgaria; Report] As of January 4, Bulgaria’s Medicines Agency had
received four reports of adverse reactions. One case of dizziness after
administration, two cases of local pain at the vaccinated site, and one [16]
case of a slight temperature increase. These side effects had passed off
in less than a day.
[Portugal; Report] A portugese health worker had suffered a sudden
death 2 days after being vaccinated on 30 Dec. She did not suffer from
any adverse side-effect after vaccinated and did not has any health
problem. An autopsy is expected to be conducted soon.
[17]
[18]
[Update] In a 5 January 2020 press release, the Portuguese Ministry of
Justice informed that preliminary data from the autopsy showed “no
evidence of a causal relationship between the death and the vaccine
that was received.”
[Mexico; Report] By January 5, more than 44,000 people have received
the first shot. As of January 4, about 110 people had reported allergic
reaction to the vaccine but 80% were mild and only 5 people require
hospitalization. Only one person was severely affected and remain in [19]
hospital. [20]
[21]
[Update] As of 16 January 2021, 753 adverse events (729 mild and 24
serious) allegedly caused by vaccination and immunization were
reported since 24 December 2020. The 24 serious events were reported
19 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
from Coahuila (7 reports), Mexico City (4 cases), Chihuahua, State of
Mexico, Guanajuato, Oaxaca and Yucatan (2 reports each) and Baja
California, Hidalgo and Jalisco (1 report each). Of the 24 serious events
reports, 6 remain hospitalized while the remaining have been
discharged.
[Update] As of 9 Feb, 6,260 negative reactions have been reported
nationwide with 36 serious reaction (0.9%). Yucatan has reported 3
serious case of adverse reaction and most of them have discharged. The
entities with the most negative reaction cases are Mexico City (6 cases)
and Coahuila and State of Mexico (4 each).
[United States; Publication] Centre of Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) has reviewed on the allergric reaction to the first dose of vaccine
during 14 to 23 December. Among the 1,893,360 first doses
administered, 4,393 (0.2%) adverse events were reported. 21 cases of
anaphylaxis (11.1 cases per million doses) were detected and 17 of them
had history of allergies or allergy reaction. Of the 21 cases, 4 of them
were hospitalized including 3 in intensive care and 20 of them had
discharged or recovered by 23 December. There were no death
reported.
[22]
[23]
[Update] The total number of cases of anaphylaxis has been updated to
[24]
29 as on 6 January.
[25]
[Update] CDC has roughly estimated that one in a hundred thousand
people who received the Pfizer vaccine had severe allergic reactions. An
average rate of 11.1 anaphylaxis cases per one million doses
administered was estimated.
[Update] FDA and CDC have a total of 1,170 death between Dec. 14,
2020, and Feb. 7, 2021, among individuals who received Pfizer or
Moderna Covid vaccine, accounting for 0.003% of vaccinated people.
[United States; Report] A Florida doctor had died several weeks after
receiving the vaccine on 18 Dec. He had suffered from hemorrhagic
stroke due to a lack of platelets. It is unclear if his death was related to
the vaccine while his death is being investigated. It was reported that he
had dots on the skin indicating internal bleeding 3 days after the [26]
injection. Pfizer and BioNTech had not received any prior indication of [27]
possible connection to thrombocytopenia.
[Update] As of 12 Jan, no evidence was obtained to suggest a
connection between the vaccine and the death.
[Canada; Report] Nine reports of adverse medical reactions which
include a total of 65 symptoms, eight of which were considered severe,
have been reported as of Jan. 1 but none were considered to be
[28]
unexpected side effects.
[29]
[30]
[Update] Fifteen new reports of adverse medical reactions, five of which
were considered severe, have been reported as between January 1 and
January 8. As of January 8, 24 reports of adverse effects were reported,
20 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
consisting of 10 serious and 14-nonserious reports. All reports were
considered to be expected side effects.
[Update] Sixty-six new reports of adverse medical reactions, 17 of which
were considered severe, have been reported as between January 9 and
January 15. As of January 15, 90 reports of adverse effects were
reported, consisting of 27 serious and 63-nonserious reports. Most
frequently reported adverse events were vaccination site reactions,
paraesthesia, pruritis, urticaria, headache, hypoaesthesia, nausea and
anaphylaxis.
[Update] As of 5 Feb, a total of 371 adverse effects were reported which
include 74 serious AEFI and 297 non-serious AEFI.
[France; Report] Six reports of serious adverse effects with a favourable
outcome were reported in France during the 3rd week of vaccination: 4
[31]
cases of allergic reactions and 2 cases of tachycardia. Around 30 cases
of non-serious adverse effects have been reported since 12 Jan 2021
[Norway; Report] As of 14 Jan 2021, 29 reports of side effects were
reported in Norway. The 29 reports consisted of 13 deaths, 9 serious
side effects and 7 less serious side effects. The deaths were all amongst
frail and elderly patients in nursing homes, aged at least 80 years. [32]
Serious side effects reported included allergic reactions, strong malaise
and severe fever. Less serious side effects include severe pain at
injection site.
[United States; Report] A healthcare worker in Alaksa experienced an
allergic reaction to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, 10 minutes within
[33]
receiving it on January 12. There was no information on allergy history
of the healthcare worker.
[Israel, Report] At least 13 cases of mild facial paralysis have been
[34]
reported upon receiving the vaccine.
[United Kingdom, Report] A severe adverse medical reaction was
reported from a medical councillor aged 42 years within minutes after
receiving his vaccine on 8 January 2021. The councilor experienced [35]
breathing difficulties, fever and muscle aches, and was hospitalized for 1
day before his condition stabilized and eventually recovered.
[Ireland, Report] As of 11 January 2021, 81 adverse events from
[36]
vaccination were reported, all involving expected mild side effects.
[Singapore, Report] As of 27 January 2021, a total of 432 AEFIs were
reported amongst the 113,000 people who received the vaccine. All
reports were mild and reported expected side effects arising from
vaccination, except for 3 cases of anaphylaxis (SAE) reported. The cases
were in their 20s and 30s, had a history of allergies, but no history of
anaphylaxis which would have precluded them from receiving the [37]
vaccine. All 3 cases have recovered and were discharged from the [38]
hospital after a day’s observation or treatment.
[Update] As of February 1, 2021 all four cases of anaphylaxis following
vaccination have recovered, with none requiring intensive care unit
support.
[Belgium, Report] As of January 26, 2021 a total of 262 AEFIs were
[39]
reported out of 243,412 vaccines administered, of which 37 were
21 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
serious AEFIs. Of the serious AEFIs reported, 14 were deaths amongst
those aged over 70 years (9 deaths) or 90 years (5 years).
[Croatia, Report] As of February 1, 2021 a total of 430 AEFIs were
reported, of which 26 were allergic reactions and the rest were mild side
[40]
effects. The allergic reactions included 2 serious reactions, and 24 milder
reactions.
[United Kingdom; Report] A study conducted by Zoe, a British health
science company had found that 37% of about 40,000 vaccinees in UK
who were mostly healthcare workers had reported local side effects
(e.g. swelling or pain near injection site) after first dose and 45% after [41]
second dose. Systemic side effects (e.g. fatigue) were rare with 14%
after first dose and 22% after second dose. The side effect reported
were lower as compared to FDA trials.
[Romania; Report] A doctor from Valcea county had experienced
temporary facial paralysis after receiving the second dose and has since
fully recovered. This is the first rare and major side effect reported in
[42]
Romania. Since 27 Dec, there has been more than 2,100 common and
minor side effects reported with a total of 629,279 people vaccinated by
4 Feb.
[United Kingdom; Report] The Medicines and Healthcare products
Regulatory Agency (MHRA) had reported on the side effects of 7 million
vaccine doses (5.4 million Pfizer/BioNTech & 1.5 million of the
AstraZeneca) administered by 24 Jan. Yellow card system was used for
vaccinated people to report side effect. There was an average of 3
yellow cards per 1,000 doses administered. There were 16,756 yellow
[43]
card for the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine; 6,014 for the Oxford University-
AstraZeneca vaccine and 50 for unspecified brand of the vaccine. Most
reports were related to injection site or otherwise generalized
symptoms (e.g. flu-like illness). These symptoms had occured shortly
after vaccination and were not associated with more serious or lasting
illness.
[Netherland; Report] 15 elderly had died within 9 days after
administered with vaccine. Most of them with fatal outcome had
multiple underlying health issues or serious health problem. Half of
them had symptoms identified as side effects e.g. fever after
vaccination. These may have contributed to the deterioration of their
health.
[44]
A total of 2,812 side effects have been reported after vaccinated. 95%
were administered with Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, 113 cases were
Moderna vaccine and vaccine used for 38 reports were not clear. 14
people who had epilepsy also had seizure after vaccination. Some 25
people had severe allergic reaction to Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine with 8
cases determined as anaplylactic response.
Both the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines can cause lymph nodes to swell,
[45]
particularly those in the armpit on the side where the shot was received.
[United States; Report] The FDA advisory committee has noted a special
Moderna side effect of the vaccine from the clinical trials involving several [46]
patients with cosmetic facial fillers. The patients who experienced side
22 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
effect all had swelling and inflammation in the area that was given the
filler. All reactions were resolved following treatment with steroids and
antihistamines.
[United States; Report] A Boston doctor experienced severe allergic
reactions after receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine on December [47]
24. The doctor has a history of shellfish allergy.
[Canada; Report] On December 17, the US FDA reported two cases of
adverse reactions in individuals who had received the Moderna vaccine.
Both patients previously had dermal fillers and experienced some
swelling following the vaccination. The cases were likely to have [48]
occurred in Toronto, Canada. [49]
[Canada; Surveillance] As of 5 Feb, a total of 280 adverse effects were
reported which include 25 serious AEFI and 255 non-serious AEFI.
[United States; Report] A frontline worker in Robstown had experienced
immediate numbness on the face after receiving the vaccine a week ago [50]
but continues to have soreness and redness to her arms.
[United States; Publication] Phase 3 clinical trial involving 30,420
volunteers had observed higher frequency of moderate, transient
reactogenicity after vaccination in the vaccine group. Serious adverse
events were rare and the incidence was similar between the placebo
and vaccine groups. Hence there were no safety concern, apart from the
[51]
transient local and systemic reactions.
[52]
[Update] The vaccine showed a 94.1% efficacy rate in its phase 3 trial,
and serious adverse events occurred in just 0.6% of patients. A total of 2
deaths were reported in the vaccine group, one was due to
cardiopulmonary arrest and the other was a suicide.
[United States; Report] On 31 December, the Oregon Health Authority
reported a case of anaphylaxis after a healthcare worker had taken the [53]
vaccine this week and is recovering in the hospital.
[Guidance] A new guidance from the American Society for Dermatologic
Surgery (ASDS) has been released regarding side effects from the SARS-
CoV-2 mRNA vaccine on dermal fillers. FDA data reports show three
[54]
participants out of 15,184 who received at least one dose of Moderna’s
mRNA-1273 vaccine have developed lip for facial swelling in areas of
dermal filler placement.
[United States; Report] A Missouri healthcare worker experienced
severe allergic reaction after receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
[55]
on December 29. The healthcare worker has a history of severe allergy
reaction to MRI contrast dye.
[United States, Report] Six reports of allergy reactions requiring medical
attention 24 hours from vaccination, were reported amongst healthcare
workers on 14 January 2021. The healthcare workers were vaccinated
with lot 41L20A from the same vaccination site in San Diego. The site is [56]
temporarily closed for now and using other vaccines. California health
officials recommend suspending the use of lot 41L20A, until
investigation are complete.
[United States, Report] A fatality was reported in a resident from a
retirement home, after receiving the vaccine. Investigation on whether [57]
the fatality was linked to receiving the vaccine is underway.
23 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
[United States, Report] As of January 29, 2021 a total of 287 AEFIs were
reported amongst 250,000 vaccines administered in Texas, of which 11
were serious AEFIs. The 11 AEFI reports included the death of an 84
years-old woman, permanent disability in another patient, and the
remaining spent at most 4 days hospitalized. [58]
[59]
[Update] As of 5 Feb, 2021, the The Centers for Disease Control had
reported that 619,452 second doses have been administered in Texas
with 15 significant reports of side effect. Only 4 of them required
hospital stay that had lasted less than 5 days.
[Croatia, Report] As of February 1, 2021 a total of 13 AEFIs were
[60]
reported, all of which were mild side effects.
[USA, CDC; Report] A side effect of the Moderna vaccine reported by the
CDC as arm pain and redness appears to be showing up a bit delayed in [61]
some people up to a week.
[Argentina; Report] Of the total 32,013 patients who had received the
Sputnik V vaccine, 1% (317 patients) had reported mild adverse reaction (fever [62]
and headache).
[India, Report] Ninety-three reports of adverse events following
immunization with Astrazeneca & Oxford Uni. ( and Bharat Biotech)
vaccines were reported from Delhi (51 mild and 1 serious report),
Haryana (13 mild reports), Maharashtra (14 mild reports) and Kolkata
(13 mild and 1 serious report). No fatalities have been reported.
[Update] Between 16 January and 17 January, 447 reports of adverse
events following immunization have been reported across India. Only 3
of the reports involved serious adverse events requiring hospitalization,
of which only 1 remains hospitalized.
[63]
[Update] 82 AEFIs were reported across India on 20 January 2021. All [64]
AEFIs reported were mild cases. [65]
[66]
[Update] On the 22 Jan, Day 4 of the coronavirus vaccination drive in [67]
Astrazeneca & Delhi, 5,942 people were reportedly administered the shots and adverse [68]
Oxford Uni. events following immunisation (AEFI) was reported in 24 persons. [69]
[70]
[Update] On 24 Jan, the fifth day of India’s Covid-19 vaccination drive, [71]
the city of Gurugram reported 3 cases of AEFI amongst 3,055 shots [72]
administed. [73]
[74]
[Update] The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in India
announced 23 January that over 10 lakh people had already been
immunised in the first six days (up to 21 January), but the total number
of AEFIs reported by the ministry in its daily press releases so far adds up
to 1,239 out of 15,37,190 inoculations, or 0.08 per cent. Just 11 people
have had to be hospitalised (0.0007 per cent), while seven deaths have
been reported — six of which are “not causally linked” to the vaccine,
while in the seventh case, the post mortem report is awaited.
[Update] A total of 19,50,183 beneficiaries were inoculated in 35,785
sessions till 7.10 pm on Monday 25 Jan, including 3,34,679 in 7,171
24 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
sessions during the day, the ministry said. A total of 348 adverse events
following immunisation (AEFIs) were reported till 7.10 pm on 25 Jan, the
10th day of the vaccination drive.
[Update] A total of 213 ARFIs were reported up till 7 pm on January 29,
2021 across India, of the 33,68,734 vaccines administered
[Update] The Minstry of Health and Family Welfare had reported more
than 40 lakh healthcare and frontline workers have been vaccinated. A
total of 8,563 AEFIs (0.18%) and 34 hospitalized cases (0.0007%) have
been reported. There were 19 deaths of vaccinated people but there has
been no evidence on the link between vaccination and the death.
[Sweden, Report] As of 13 Feb, two regions in Sweden have temporarily
stopped vaccinating health workers with the Astra Zeneca vaccine, after
as many as one in four reported side effects.
[Germany, Report] The Herzogin-Elisabeth-Hospital in Braunschweig
and Emden clinic postponed planned vaccinations with the
Astrazeneca vaccine. On evening of 16 Feb, Astrazeneca vaccine was
given to 88 employees of the Braunschweig clinic, 37 of them called in
sick temporarily due to "vaccination reactions." However, there has
not been a severe course of side effects so far, and no one has had to
go to a hospital with complications.
[India, Report] A female volunteer from a village in Andhra Pradesh had
died 2 days after administered with the vaccine on 5 Feb. She was
normal and there was no symptoms of fever or adverse effect after the [75]
vaccination. Post-mortem will be conducted to identify the cause of
death.
[United States, Report] A 70 year old man had died minutes after
receiving the vaccine at NYC’s Javits Center on 7 Feb. He had collapsed
Unspecified about 25 minutes after vaccinated and after the mandatory 15 minutes [76]
observation. He did not display any adverse reactions or effect to the
vaccine.
[India, Report] A 50 year old sanitation worker had suffered cardiac
arrest and died 24 hours after administered with the vaccine in Anhra
Pradesh’s Tirupati. There was no sign of adverse effect during the [77]
observation period. Autopsy will be conducted to determine the exact
cause of death.
Therapeutic/Drug Report/Guidance Reference
NIL NIL NIL
25 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
x. Scientific Publications with Epidemiology and Clinical Focus
Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of paediatric COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-
analysis [424]
Objective: Compare paediatric COVID-19 disease characteristics, management and outcomes according
to World Bank country income level and disease severity.
Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Setting: Between 1 December 2019 and 8 January 2021, 3350 articles were identified. Two reviewers
conducted study screening, data abstraction and quality assessment independently and in duplicate.
Observational studies describing laboratory-confirmed paediatric (0-19 years old) COVID-19 were
considered for inclusion.
Main outcomes and measures: The pooled proportions of clinical findings, treatment and outcomes were
compared according to World Bank country income level and reported disease severity.
Results: 129 studies were included from 31 countries comprising 10 251 children of which 57.4% were
hospitalised. Mean age was 7.0 years (SD 3.6), and 27.1% had a comorbidity. Fever (63.3%) and cough
(33.7%) were common. Of 3670 cases, 44.1% had radiographic abnormalities. The majority of cases
recovered (88.9%); however, 96 hospitalised children died. Compared with high-income countries, in low-
income and middle-income countries, a lower proportion of cases were admitted to intensive care units
(ICUs) (9.9% vs 26.0%) yet pooled proportion of deaths among hospitalised children was higher (relative
risk 2.14, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.20). Children with severe disease received antimicrobials, inotropes and anti-
inflammatory agents more frequently than those with non-severe disease. Subgroup analyses showed
that a higher proportion of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) were admitted to
ICU (47.1% vs 22.9%) and a higher proportion of hospitalised children with MIS-C died (4.8% vs 3.6%)
compared with the overall sample.
Conclusion: Paediatric COVID-19 has a favourable prognosis. Further severe disease characterisation in
children is needed globally.
26 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchFor citation: Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research-NUS.
COVID-19 Situation Report 385. 18 February 2021
xi. Sources
Global Risk Assessment
1. https://www.trip.com/travel-restrictions-covid-19/
2. https://losangeleno.com/coronavirus-los-angeles/october-1/
3. https://www.europeanpharmaceuticalreview.com/news/126922/study-shows-anticoagulation-
therapy-beneficial-for-covid-19-patients/
4. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/02/health/coronavirus-steroids.html
5. https://news.abs-cbn.com/overseas/04/22/20/israeli-firm-treating-covid-19-patients-with-placenta-
cells-reports
6. https://www.khaleejtimes.com/coronavirus-pandemic/uae-stem-cell-therapy-for-coronavirus-
treats-over-2000-patients-1200-fully-recover-
7. https://www.dailytarheel.com/article/2020/11/university-baric-lab-researchers
8. https://www.todayonline.com/world/relief-neurorx-say-emergency-treatment-rlf-100-helps-
critically-ill-covid-patients
9. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/us-plasma-treatment-covid-19-donald-trump-fda-
13046312
10. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-eli-lilly-fda-idUSKBN27P35L
11. https://bc.ctvnews.ca/vancouver-developed-covid-19-treatment-approved-for-use-1.5201168
12. https://www.outsourcing-pharma.com/Article/2020/11/23/FDA-grants-EUA-for-combo-COVID-19-
treatment
13. https://tribune.com.pk/story/2246746/3-ethiopia-use-dexamethasone-covid-19-patients/
14. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-12/03/c_139560671.htm
15. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-lilly-fda/eli-lillys-antibody-combination-
receives-fda-emergency-use-authorization-for-covid-19-idUSKBN2AA02P
16. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/covid-19-vaccine-no-quarantine-14-days-exposure-
us-cdc-14173034
17. https://www.explica.co/covid-19-italy-approves-two-new-monoclonal-antibody-drugs-against-
covid/
18. https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/2021/02/17/uk-new-covid-strain/
Travel Bans/Advisories & Quarantine Orders
1. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/covid-19-coronavirus-australia-extends-pause-on-quarantine-free-
flights-from-new-zealand/3XKVL65ZTCUNSMKVAHJ7RCIRKU/
2. https://ca.travelpulse.com/news/impacting-travel/canadas14-day-quarantine-rule-extended-to-
late-april.html
3. https://newsd.in/covid-variants-centre-issues-new-guidelines-for-int-l-arrivals/
4. https://www.schengenvisainfo.com/news/lithuania-shortens-quarantine-period-for-all-arrivals/
5. https://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/article/18/02/2021/Spain-to-make-quarantine-obligatory-for-
travellers-from-South-Africa,-Brazil
6. http://famagusta-gazette.com/2021/02/17/sri-lanka-lifts-travel-ban-on-visitors-from-britain/
7. https://www.travelandleisure.com/travel-news/alaska-covid-travel-restrictions-no-covid-test
8. https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/hcmc-mandates-14-day-quarantine-for-returnees-from-covid-
19-hotspots-after-tet-4236113.html
27 | P a g e Centre for infectious disease epidemiology and researchYou can also read
