CANNABIS in FOODS - May 02, 2018 - Karen Proper, Technical Manager NSF International - SIAL Canada
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CANNABIS in FOODS – May 02, 2018 Karen Proper, Technical Manager NSF International
NSF International
NSF International (Canada)
Canadian Headquarters – Guelph, ON
Canadian Headquarters – Guelph, ON
Office in Montreal, Quebec
Since 1996, providing expert advice , practical
Since 1994, providing expert advice , practical
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solutions and proven results
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Cannabis in Food
Cannabis in Food
• Introduction to Cannabis
• The Canadian Landscape (brief highlights)
• Recreational Cannabis – Pending
Regulations
• Introduction to Cannabis Edibles
• Pending Regulations and Regulatory
Considerations for Cannabis Edibles
• Edibles and Canadian Insights
• International Edibles
• Formulation and Processing
Considerations for Cannabis Edibles
What is Cannabis
• Many names
• Currently considered a drug in Canada under the
Controlled Drug and Substance Act
• Contains over 100 different cannabinoids
o THC
o CBD
• Three main strains: sativa, indica and reduralis
• Forms: dried cannabis, cannabis oil, fresh
cannabis, cannabis plants, and cannabis seeds
Source: Department of Justice, Health Canada; Cannimed Therapeutics Inc.; Government
of Canada, Proposed Approach to the Regulation of Cannabis
What’s Currently Going on in Canada?
22 per cent of adult Canadians use marijuana at least some of them time
Source: Deloitte, Recreational Marijuana, Insights and Opportunities, 2016
The Opportunity Source: Deloitte, Recreational Marijuana, Insights and Opportunities, 2016
Recreational Cannabis
Pending Canadian Regulations
• Bill C-45 Cannabis Act - April 13, 2017
• Bill C-46 An Act to Amend the Criminal Code
*dried and fresh cannabis, cannabis oil, and seeds and plants for
personal cultivation
• Objective: To regulated the production, distribution and consumption
of recreational cannabis in Canada
• Current Status:
o March 22: 2nd reading, Senate
o March 28: Committee
o June 7: Final vote
• Royal Assent to come into force
• Anticipated sales by early August 2018
Source: Government of Canada: Introduction of the Cannabis Act; Globe & Mail Sale of Recreational Marijuana in Canada Delayed
until August, Feb. 16, 2018; CBC News Senate Deal on Cannabis Bill Timeline Means No Sales Before August, Feb. 15, 2018
Recreational Cannabis
Pending Canadian Regulations
Federal Responsibilities
• Establishing a comprehensive national framework for regulating production,
setting standards for health and safety, and establishing criminal prohibitions
• Establishing restrictions on cannabis access (purchasing, sourcing, growing)
• Establishing criminal penalties
• Creating rules to limit promotion, packaging, labelling and display
• Establishing rules on types of products, standardized serving sizes, potency;
tracking from seed to sale.
Source: Government of Canada, Health Canada: Backgrounder: Roles & Responsibilities, April 2017Recreational Cannabis
Pending Canadian Regulations
Responsibilities of Provinces and Territories
• License the distribution and sale of cannabis
• Tailor rules in jurisdictions and enforce through various tools (e.g. tickets)
• Set regulatory requirements to address local concern (e.g. minimum age,
possession limits)
• Restrict where cannabis can be consumed
• Amend provincial and territorial traffic safety laws to address impaired
driving (cannabis)
Source: Government of Canada, Health Canada: Backgrounder: Roles & Responsibilities, April 2017Recreational Cannabis – Pending Canadian Regulations
Other Provincial/Territorial
Quebec Ontario
Examples
Sales & Distribution Government: Liquor Government: Liquor Government (NB, NS, YT)
Board: Société Board/Ontario Cannabis
Québécoise du Retail Corporation (OCRC): Both government and private stores
Cannabis Ontario Cannabis Store (BC)
(OSC)
Private (AB, NL, MB, NWT, SK)
On-Line Sales Yes Yes (Shopify) Yes, (AB, NL, NS, PEI, BC)
Marijuana Stores by 15 40 9 (NS); 4 (PEI, BC, AB)
July 1st*
Legal Age of 18+ 19+ 19+ (BC, MB, NB, PEI, NS, NL, YT, NWT,
Consumption SK); 18+ (AB)
Home Grown Illegal 4 plants per household 4 plants per household (YT, NWT, NB,
NS, PEI); Not permitted (MB)Quebec Ontario Other Provincial/Territorial
Examples
Possession Limits 30g (person); 150g 30g (adult) 30g (SK, NS)
*expressed as dried (house)
cannabis
Driving Under the Zero tolerance Zero tolerance Zero tolerance (PEI, SK); 90-day
Influence driving ban (BC)
Consumption in Same as tobacco Not permitted Banned (NL, NB, YT, SK)
Public Spaces / Work with exception of
Universities and Only where tobacco permitted (NS)
Places
College campuses
Cost per Gram $10 $10 Same across Canada
Provincial/Territorial Bill 157 Bill 174 Bill 16 (NB); Bill 11 (not yet passed,
Legislation MB)
Sources: Financial Post, The user guide to legal pot in all Canada’s provinces, territories, Dec. 8, 2017; CBC News, Quebec government reveals details of marijuana bill, Nov. 16, 2017; CBC News, Quebec municipalities will be able
to toughen rules on public pot use, if they want, Jan. 11, 2018; CBC News, Ontario chooses Shopify to run online cannabis sales, Feb. 12, 2018; The Star, Ontario passes Cannabis Act, will take effect July 1, 2018, Dec. 17, 2017;
Legislative Assembly of Ontario, Bill 174, Cannabis, Smoke-Free Ontario and Road Safety Statute Law Amendment Act, 2017; Assembly Nationale Quebec, Bill n°157 : An Act to constitute the Société québécoise du cannabis, to
enact the Cannabis Regulation Act and to amend various highway safety-related provisions; News Ontario.ca, Ontario's Plan to Regulate Legalized Cannabis, Sept. 8, 2017; CBC News, How the provinces are planning for pot
legalization, Nov. 16, 2017; updated March 16, 2018; Marijuanalaws.ca.Cannabis in Food
Cannabis Edibles:
A food product that contains
cannabinoids; may refer to either
a food or a beverageMarijuana as a Food Ingredient Marijuana-infused food and Canadian consumers’ Willingness to Consider Recreational Marijuana as a Food Ingredient, Study by Sylvain Charlebois, Dalhousie University, 2017 Highlights • 68% of Canadians support legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes • 46% of Canadians would try cannabis-infused food products if they were available • 60% of Canadians worried about the strength of psychoactive effects • 59% of Canadians worry about the risk legal recreational marijuana poses children and young adults
Edibles Versus Inhalation
Edibles Inhalation
Absorption THC metabolized by the liver THC travels directly to brain
Effective in crossing the blood-brain Effects felt quickly, diminish quickly
barrier = intense high 25-27% of THC and other cannabinoids to
10-20% of THC and other the blood plasma
cannabinoids to the blood plasma
Duration 30 minutes to 2 hours to kick in Peak at 10 minutes
Can last hours Dissipate within 30-60 minutes
Dosing Difficult to dose due to delay between Instantaneous effect
ingestion and onset Gradually dose as needed
Potential to over consume
Methods No exposure to carbon monoxide, Vaping: No exposure to carbon monoxide,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tar
Smoking: Exposure to carbon monoxide,
polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tar
Sources: Leafly, Ingest or Inhale? 5 Differences Between Cannabis Edibles and Flowers, July 2014Cannabis Edibles
Pending Regulations
Under Bill C-45:
• “alter cannabis at home in order to prepare varying types of cannabis
products (e.g., edibles) for personal use provided that no dangerous
organic solvents are used in the process”
• October 2017, Standing Committee on Health passed two proposed
amendments to Bill C-45:
1. Added edibles containing cannabis to the types of cannabis that can
be sold.
2. The addition of edibles must occur within one year of the Act coming
into force.
Sources: The Lawyer’s Daily, Legal Cannabis: The Five Things You Need to Know about ‘Edibles’, Dec. 01, 2017; Marijuana laws.caCannabis Edibles
Regulations TBD
The Government will develop and publish regulations to govern the edible category
Purpose:
• Access to quality-controlled cannabis products of known potency
• Allow various product forms to assist in displacing the illegal market
• Reduce the appeal of cannabis products
• Reduce the risk of accidental consumption of cannabis
Sources: Health Canada, Proposed Approach to the Regulation of CannabisCannabis Edibles
Regulatory Proposals and Considerations
• The regulations are anticipated to:
o To provide a precise definition of “cannabis edibles”
o Set maximum amount of THC per serving
o Set maximum amount of THC per product
• One (1) gram of dried cannabis is equivalent to:
o 5 g of fresh cannabis
o 15 g of edible product
o 70 g of liquid product
o 0.25 g of concentrates (solid or liquid)
o 1 cannabis plant seed
Sources: Health Canada, Proposed Approach to the Regulation of Cannabis; Government of Canada; A Framework for the
Legalization and Regulation of Cannabis in Canada – The Final Report of the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation,
December, 2016; Government of Canada, Introduction to the Cannabis Act : Q&ACannabis Edibles
Regulatory Proposals and Considerations
Government of Canada; A Framework for the Legalization and Regulation of
Cannabis in Canada – The Final Report of the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization
and Regulation, December, 2016
Ingredients and Composition
• Prohibit mixture with prohibited substance listed in Schedule 5 of the
Act
Potency
• Expressed as percentage of THC by weight of the substance
• Insufficient evidence for “safe” potency limit
• “Develop strategies to encourage consumption of less potent cannabis,
including a price and tax scheme based on potency to discourage
purchase of high-potency products”
Sources: Health Canada, Proposed Approach to the Regulation of Cannabis; Government of Canada; A Framework for the Legalization
and Regulation of Cannabis in Canada – The Final Report of the Task Force on Cannabis Legalization and Regulation, December, 2016Cannabis Edibles
Regulatory Proposals and Considerations
Packaging and Labelling
• Standardized health warnings
• Statement: Keep out of Reach of Children
• Identify THC and CBD content
• Standardized single servings
• Universal THC symbol
• Labelling requirements that apply to food and
beverage products (including allergens)
• Single, uniform colour
• Standardized font style
• Child-resistant, opaque/translucent packaging
• Tamper evident
Sources: Health Canada, Proposed Approach to the Regulation of Cannabis; Canadian Press,
Canadians Support Stringent Restrictions on Pot Packaging: Health CanadaCannabis Edibles
Regulatory Proposals and Considerations
• Purpose of these regulations:
o Curtail the appeal of products to youth
o Prevent accidental consumption and
o Inform consumers about health risks
o Packaging should not encourage consumption (lifestyle, branding, testimonials)
o Key information (cannabis symbol, health warning messages) most prominently
displayed
• a single brand element (logo or slogan) in addition to company name
• may not contain metallic or fluorescent colours
• smaller than the stop sign symbol
• Size, shape and material used in the packaging will not be standardized.
Sources: Health Canada, Proposed Approach to the Regulation of CannabisCannabis Edibles – Canadian Insights What type of marijuana-infused products would you consider buying at the grocery store, should recreational marijuana become legal? (Multiple answers accepted.) Source: Marijuana-Infused Food and Canadian Consumers’ Willingness to Consider recreational marijuana as a food ingredient, Dr. Sylvain Charlebois, Faculty of Management, Dalhousie University, September 2017
Cannabis Edibles
Edibles in Amsterdam
Cannabis Edibles
Formulation and Processing
• Varieties/strains
o Flavour
o Potency
• Ingredient form (oil, dried, fresh
extract/concentrate)
• Solubility / Incorporation (homogeneous)
• pH stability
• Thermal stability
• Shelf life testing
• Food SafetyCannabis Edibles
Summary
• Anticipated legalization of cannabis edibles
in 2019
• Significant market opportunity
• Regulations currently unknown
o Formulation
o Packaging
• Challenges in developing food and beverage
products
• Expertise to meet these challengesThank you
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