Urban environmental management: an effort toward Magelang smart city
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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
PAPER • OPEN ACCESS
Urban environmental management: an effort toward Magelang smart city
To cite this article: R Rachmawati et al 2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 451 012029
View the article online for updates and enhancements.
This content was downloaded from IP address 46.4.80.155 on 19/11/2020 at 00:04The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
Urban environmental management: an effort toward
Magelang smart city
R Rachmawati1*, Q Imami2, L A Nasution2, U Choirunnisa3, RPA Pinto3, H
Pradipa4
1
Department of Development Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Indonesia
2
Graduate School on Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
3
Graduate School on Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
4
Department of Environmental Geography, Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah
Mada, Indonesia
*Coresponding author: rinirachma@ugm.ac.id
Abstract. The city of Magelang presently belongs to the Movement of 100 Indonesian Smart
Cities. It is conducted by the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology of the
Republic of Indonesia. One of the elements that needs to be studied to support a smart city is
smart environment. To support the achievement of a smart city, it is necessary to establish a well-
managed urban environment. Therefore, this research is aimed at analysing the smart urban
environmental management of the city of Magelang, identifying the management of urban
environment related to the aspect of smartness, and identifying the role management of urban
environment toward the achievement of smart city. The result of the research shows that the
presently-implemented environmental management has supported the achievement of smart city
for the city of Magelang. The local government, private sectors, and local community have
played an important role to achieve the environmental management in supporting the
implementation of the smart city for the city of Magelang.
1. Introduction
The city of Magelang is located in the midle of Regency of Magelang. It borders the sub-district of
Secang in the north, the sub-district of Tegalrejo in the east, the sub-district of Mertoyudan in the south,
and the sub-district of Bandongan in the west [1]. According to the DataGo, the population of the city
of Magelang in the first semester of 2018 is 130,030 people. Meanwhile, in the same semester of 2019
the population has reached up to 130,440 people [2]. The increasing number of people in the area
inevitably affects the need for spaces for settlement, green-open spaces, and other public facilities. They
are all related to environmental management. When the number of people increases in an area, this will
certainly have something to do with the sustainability of its environment. The city of Magelang presently
belongs to the program of the Movement of 100 Indonesian Smart Cities conducted by the Ministry of
Communication and Information Technology of the Republic of Indonesia.
The concept of Smart City is the one that in 1980s it was used to visualize an urban context. Since
then, the concept has been experiencing changes rapidly. So far, the concept of smart city has
emphasized on the contents and digital services in urban areas to tackle environmental challenges [3].
Smart City constitutes a concept with the purpose of running urban management in a modern way. The
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
use of the latest technology such as information technology is considered environmentally friendly so
that it is expected to manage natural resources in such a way and that the desired results can be achieved
[4]. There are six dimensions/clusters of the concept of smart city. They are smart governance, related
to participation; smart human capital, related to people; smart environment, related to natural resources;
smart living, related to the quality of life; and smart economy, related to competition [5].
Smart environment, one of the concepts in a smart city, becomes a dimension that is particularly
important to study for its implementation in order that the city of Magelang is able to undergo the
environmental management in a smart way along with the increasing number of people. The dimension
of smart environment in the concept of a smart city is the one of city management that is able to make
use of energy consumption in an optimum way by utilizing energy that is renewed and that emission
waste can be minimized in line with the management policy to establish sustainable development [4].
To support such environmental activities, it is necessary to run education in environmental management
to the local community.
Environmental management is a concept closely related to law, especially environment law. In
addition, environmental management is also a strategy from the government in its implementation to
form or change people’s environmental behavior in the area to a better one. Thing that becomes the
primary object in environmental management is the regulation related to the activities of its subjects,
products, and services found in the environment [6]. The imbalance between the availability of natural
resources and the dynamics of community requires the policy of living environmental management with
the management system of the existing natural resources. [7]. This comprises an institutional system
with those involved in the living environmental development so that more effective and efficient policies
related to environment can be made [7]. In addition to normative regulations, living environmental
management also requires the awareness of the government apparatus, supervision improvement,
betterment of system or law for environmental preservation, sector of private businesses, and the need
for the application of technology that is friendly to environment [7].
The vision of the development of the city of Magelang in the years 2016 – 2021 that is determined
in the RPJMD (Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah / Mid-Term Regional Development
Plans) is ‘Magelang as a Smart and Modern Service City based on Religious and Prosperous
Community’. One of the elements in the vision is Smart City. The elements of a smart city that will be
realized in the city of Magelang are Smart Governance, Smart Infrastructure, Smart Economy, Smart
People, Smart Living, as well as Smart Environment related to IT-based environmental management,
IT-based natural resource management, and the utilization of renewed energy [8]. The aims of this
research are to undergo internal and external analysis toward smart environmental management, identify
urban environmental management related to the aspects of smartness, and identify the roles of urban
environmental management toward the achievement of smart city.
2. Research method
The method applied in this research is qualitative method. To collect the data, there were two ways to
do i.e. secondary and primary datum collections. The secondary data were taken from planning
documents and other related documents. Meanwhile, to collect the primary data, the methods of Focus
Group Discussion and In-depth Interview were implemented. The participants of this Focus Group
Discussion were stakeholders focused on Smart Environment dimension consists of Kesbangpolimas
(Kesatuan Bangsa dan Politik Perlindungan Masyarakat / Unit of Nation and Politics for Community
Protection), DLH (Dinas Lingkungan Hidup / Agency for Living Environment), and BAPPEDA (Badan
Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah / Regional Development Planning Board). In-depth interview was
implemented as well on those stakeholders yet with the different person. It was carried out as a
triangulation method to gain thorough information and do a crosscheck of it in achieving validity and
reability of data. Meanwhile, qualitative descriptive analysis is used for the technique of data processing
and data analysis.
3. Result and analysis
2The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
3.1. Internal and external analyses toward smart environmental management
The city air in the city of Magelang is of a very good quality. The value of the city air is still lower than
that of the air standard value. The quality of the city air is controlled 20 times annually. In addition, the
smoothly-running garbage bank system has been able to contribute to the reduction of garbage volume.
Moreover tidy arrangement of the city that is in line with what a city needs has been a strength of the
city of Magelang toward smart environmental management. However, there are still weaknesses found
behind its strength. They are, among others, settlement areas and houses that are not proper to live in,
efforts to maintain and lengthen the existing settlement facilities that are not optimally done as well as
the management and innovation in utilizing energy that is still limited. Included in the environmental
management are air pollution, water pollution, and garbage management.
The city of Magelang has lots of opportunities to achieve smart environmental management with the
help of technological advances of GPS and CCTV. In addition, the number of trucks available is also
able to help remove garbage in a more effective and efficient way. The community organizations that
pay attention to garbage such as Organic Kampong as well as the availability of various alternatives for
energy can be of a great opportunity for the city of Magelang. A challenge that is presently faced in
connection with the 100-0-100 program is 100 percent access to clean water, 0 percent of dirty areas,
and 100 percent sanitation. Another challenge and threat is the subjects of the city of Magelang
themselves. Not all of them are aware of the importance of keeping their physical environment healthy.
They are basically well informed that the height of present TPA (Tempat Pembuangan Akhir / Last
Landfill) has reached up to 8 meters. However, they prefer to pay for the contribution fee rather than
separate and select their own garbage (processing garbage directly from its origin)
3.2. Urban environmental management and the aspects of smart environment
The concept of smart environment covers the reduction of garbage, the reduction of pollution, pollution,
economizing on energy, the quality of human resources, and technology. Smart environment comprises
all aspects of people’s life for all age groups with the purpose of establishing comfort for its citizens,
ease in services, and increase of competitiveness. The city of Magelang is currently focusing on reducing
the volume of garbage so that the garbage reduction will have reached up to 30% by 2025. It only has
one landfill that has to be located outside the city of Magelang due to the limited area in the city. The
landfill is located in Banyuurip. The Banyuurip landfill itself is now more than 8 meters high, higher
than it should be. What the government has done to overcome this landfill problem is by building TPST
(Tempat Pengolahan Sampah Terpadu / Place for the Integrated Garbage Processing). TPST is defined
as a place where the activities of separating and processing garbage in an integrated way take place. The
function of TPST is as a place where the process of separating, cleansing, packaging, and delivering the
products of recycled garbage takes place. There have been two places for TPST, one in north
Jurangombo and the other one in the Village of Magersari. In fact these two places for TPST are still not
able to accommodate the garbage discarded by the people from the city of Magelang. Therefore, the city
government of Magelang is currently building several new places for TPST. They are the ones in
Rusunawa Potrobangsan, Bojong, Dumpoh, and Sukorini. What is going on now in developing these
places for TPST is making road construction for transportation access so that trucks can go there.
Another thing that the Agency for Living Environment has done is reducing the amount of garbage
directly from its origin, in this case the community or people. The target of this program is 8%, 4.13%
of which has been achieved. The program that is launched by the Agency for Living Environment in
cooperation with the Agency for Agriculture and Food in reducing the amount of garbage from its origin
is through the program of SI IPAH. SI IPAH is an innovation in garbage management by separating
organic and inorganic garbage. The following is the draft of the program concept of SI IPAH as shown
in Figure 1.
3The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
Organic garbage is processed into
compost used as a planting
medium for plant seeds (flower)
Separation between organic
and inorganic garbage
Inorganic garbage such as plastic
is turned into renewed energy by
applying the process method of
cold plasma pyrolysis (heating
method for scattering inorganic
garbage at the temperature
between 450 and 600 degrees
centigrade)
Figure 1. Work process of the program SI IPAH.
SI IPAH program is the result of transformation program of Organic Kampong implementing the
3R-based garbage management (Reuse, Reduce, Recycle). Organic Kampong has been in its existence
since 2013. In 2013, the districts where organic kampong is implemented received some help from the
mayor in the forms of program and financial aid so that the program of organic kampong could run well.
After 2013, however, they did not receive any support from the government anymore. Therefore, the
number of organic kampongs had been decreasing from 60 to 29 by the end of 2018. The implementation
percentage of organic kampong, according to the Agency of Living Environment, is only 10%.
Meanwhile, the program of organic kampong itself is in the condition of being stagnant in 2019. The
mindset of the people has also been changing, from previously aimed at reducing the amount of garbage
to merely planting organic vegetables. Meanwhile, inorganic garbage is only collected at the garbage
bank and then taken by a picker (someone who is willing to buy certain selected items from garbage).
The city of Magelang has 40 garbage banks spreading in every RW (Rukun Warga / administrative unit
as the next-to-lowest level in city) They are able to make products made from recycled items taken from
the garbage such as bags from packs of sachet drinks, artificial flower from plastic bags etc. Even though
they are able to make products from recycled items, there is an obstacle faced. The obstacle is that there
are hardly any buyers. Consequently, the local government is forced to buy them. Most of the products
are purchased by the local government and they are used in certain events.
Another problem dealing with garbage management in the city of Magelang is means of garbage
transportation. The transportation of garbage that is still mixed between otganic and inorganic has also
still been an obstacle in succeeding the SI IPAH program. This is because most of the people do not
provide buckets or cans for organic garbage. In addition, the number of means of garbage transportation
provided by the Agency for Living Environment is also still limited.
In addition to the reduction of garbage, the coverage of smart environment that needs to be achieved
is the reduction of water pollution. Water pollution in the city of Magelang is mostly caused by domestic
waste directly dumped into rivers. In relation to this, there has been no regulation in this case. This is
related to the effective law that the quality of water is the authority of the Agency for PSDA with its
provincial coverage of Central Java. Therefore, there should be cooperation between the provincial and
local governments in making regulations in this case. What the city of Magelang has done so far to
preserve the quality of water is by socializing the prohibition of BABS (Buang Air, Buang Sampah
sembarangan / having bowel motion & waterworks, and dumping garbage into rivers).
4The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
The program and socialization related to smart environment mentioned above is of a conventional
way, not applying the ICT. The resource person from BAPPEDA is quoted as saying that technology is
not of primary importance because the community system does not have awareness in relation to the
garbage management.
Even though smart city is inevitably directed to the use of technology, I would rather the system
were developed first. Technology is only a supporting means in order that the system could
run well. I prefer to emphasize on the human factor first. Technology is only a supporting
means when the people have become aware. Therefore, system, in my opinion, needs to be
established first. Being smart is how to make the system run well. It is the technology that helps
the system become better. Smart environment is possibly related to the use of technology, e.g.
the scheduling in this place is using which vehicle to take. It is technology, isn’t it? The way
to process compost also applies technology. In my opinion, the understanding of being smart
tends to be the system (informant).
SI IPAH program that becomes an outstanding one of the city of Magelang has not also been in the
agenda of bringing it into technology. It focuses on empowering community in order that they become
aware of the existing problems. Meanwhile, the city of Magelang through the Agency for Living
Environment working together with the provincial government is developing an application called
SIPOLA (Sistem Pengolahan Sampah / Garbage Processing System). The implementation progress of
this application has reached to the stage of inputting data by the related OPDs so that the local
community still cannot make use of it. This application is predicted to be launched into the public of the
city of Magelang and the Central Java in the beginning of 2020.
The implementation of smart environment in the city of Magelang has been signed with the existence
of blogger Kampong in Menowo, the Village of Kedungsari. The availability of hotspots in certain
public places is also another implementation of smart environment. In addition, a program that has been
implemented related to smart environment is KissMe (the program providing the data of poor families
and it can be accessed transparently). It is used to support the program of poverty eradication. In
addition, another program found is Si Bahenol (service for online regional tax payment – BIHTP online).
Other programs related to smart environment are DataGo, the use of SIG (Sistim Informasi Geospasial
/ Geospatial Information System), e-Filling, e-budgeting (LPSE), SIMDA Keu and asset, and payment
services for vehicle tax in one place.
3.3. The role of urban environmental management toward smart city
Environmental management of water and soil belongs to the dimension of smart environment in the
concept of smart city. The government, private sectors, and community have to work together as a team
in the environmental management. The city government of Magelang is presently encouraging OPDs,
elementary schools, and junior secondary schools to reduce the volume of garbage. The role of the
government in the environmental management is by making some regulations into effect. One of them
is by not providing any fund for packed or canned drinks so that OPDs are obliged to have their own
drink container to their office. The same case is when there is lunch in offices during meetings. Lunch
meal is forbidden to be served in boxes. Instead, the meal is put on the table or it is called a buffet lunch.
Thus, they have to use plates for lunch. This regulation has been effective since May 2019 and it leads
to a positive effect in reducing garbage. The city government of Magelang has been socializing this
regulation step by step, beginning with OPDs and then schools. When this program is successfully
implemented, OPDs and schools can be a good example and that socializing this regulation to
community is then easier implemented.
Good quality of air in the city of Magelang is supported the existence of Tidar hill. In addition, the
slogan “A City with Millions of Flowers” also plays an important role in environmental management in
achieving as a smart city. The BAPPEDA of the city of Magelang is presently making a masterplan to
make use of Tidar hill into UPTD Tidar Hill Garden of Magelang. This garden will provide several
5The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
benefits. They can be, among others, facilities for RTH (Ruang Terbuka Hijau / Green Open Space),
education, research, environment (mildness and oxygen), and tourism. This masterplan has been
formally agreed by LIPI because it fulfils some requirements related to the criteria of a botanical garden,
i.e. facilities for parking, visitors, offices, and conservation. When Tidar hill turns into a botanical
garden, this can be one of the ways of the city government of Magelang to avoid the management transfer
from the city government to the central government. This is because it is in line with Law no. 23 Year
2014 on Regional Government, saying that forest belongs to the authority of central government. In the
future, Tidar hill is expected to function as a green zone. Any activities related to tourism and religious
rites that have been in existence there do not experience any change.
The quality of water in the city of Magelang also needs to be maintained by the Agency for PSDA
(Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air / Water Resource Management) together with other Agencies for Living
Environment of the Province of Central Java. This is because water is the responsibility of the
city/regency government and the provinncial government of Central Java. There should be an integral
management among the government, private sevtors, and community in environmental management.
Good cooperation among them will lead to the creation of social, cultural, and economical
transformations to the local community so that they will become aware of their own environment and
that a system can be established. It is this system that can be accelerated with the help of the most
advanced technology. By doing so, good environmental management that is supported with the most
advanced technology will help make the city of Magelang as a smart city come true. The efforts of
Magelang City in becoming smart environment city is quite good, yet the role of ICT is still not
implemented well, as stated by an informant from regional development planning board. The same thing
was said as well by other informants.
4. Conclusion
From the results of the research, it can be concluded that in relation to environmental management the
city of Magelang is supported with several factors of good quality of air, well-run garbage banks, and
well-arranged city as what a city needs. Environmental management has supported the establisment of
a smart city in the city of Magelang by doing activities like the reduction of garbage, the reduction of
pollution, economizing energy, improving the quality of human resources, and the use of technology.
The role of the government, private sectors, and community will result in an integrated system. Since
the role of technology and ICT in this research is still limited, in the future research needed more detailed
data collecting from other sources as well as the community. In addition, government should apply ICT
in boosting smart environment.
Acknowledgments
The research was funded by Graduate School on Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Indonesia through Research Grant Scheme in 2019. We would like to thank Graduate School on
Environmental Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. Thanks also go to the blind reviewers for
the comments to improve the manuscript.
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6The 3rd Environmental Resources Management in Global Region IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 451 (2020) 012029 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/451/1/012029
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