The initiative Elements for a roadmap - Vincent Coudé du Foresto for the Blue Dots team
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The initiative
Elements for a roadmap
Vincent Coudé du Foresto
for the Blue Dots team
Ignasi Ribas, Hans Zinnecker, Sebastian Wolf, Franck Selsis, Charles Cockell, Lisa
Kaltenegger, Giovanna Tinetti, Anthony Boccaletti, Marc Ollivier, Jean-Philippe
Beaulieu, Nuno Santos, Damien Segransan, Fabien Malbet, Alessandro Sozzeti, Ewa
Szuszkiewicz, Helmut Lammer, Christoph Keller, Gerard van Belle, Szymon Gladysz,
Chas Beichman, Hiroshi Shibai, Maxim Khodachenko, Gang Zhao, Abhijit Chakraborty
+ 180 other scientists
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto
Objectives of the initiative
• Contribute to building a community in Europe
around the exoplanets theme
• …converge towards a strategy enabling a
more coherent approach to calls for proposals
in ground and space based projects...
• ...and most notably in time for the next CfP
ESA linked to Cosmic Vision (expected in
2010)
• Beyond that: remain as a permanent structure
to federate the community
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 2
Deliverables Blue Dots
Timeline
• Web site + intranet for information circulation
• Preliminary report to CNES february 2009
• Report v1 end March 2009
– Call for feedback in the community
• Report stabilized by summer 2009
• Sep. 2009: Pathways conference (proceedings)
• 2010: structuration into European network (TBC)
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 3http://www.blue-dots.net 23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 4
Deliverables Blue Dots
Timeline
• Web site + intranet for information circulation
• Preliminary report to CNES february 2009
• Report v1 end March 2009
– Call for feedback in the community
• Sep. 2009: Pathways conference (proceedings)
• Report stabilized by the end 2009
• 2010: structuration into European network
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 5Exoplanet roadmaps…
ExoPAG
ExoplForum08
EP-RAT
Astronet
Decadal Survey
ESO/ESA
ESF/Graz
ExoPTF
TOPS
CNES Canada
Australia
ExNEPs
Courtesy J. Schneider
24-25 March 2009 – BDT meeting #6 6Pathways Towards Habitable Planets
http://www.pathways2009.net
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 7A road towards a goal… 23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8
A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
=> Image + extended spectral analysis
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
=> Image + extended spectral analysis
=> Nearby targets (10 pc)
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
=> Image + extended spectral analysis
=> Nearby targets (10 pc)
A set :
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
=> Image + extended spectral analysis
=> Nearby targets (10 pc)
A set :
Earth twins (around solar twins)
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
=> Image + extended spectral analysis
=> Nearby targets (10 pc)
A set :
Earth twins (around solar twins)
or
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8A road towards a goal…
Characterize a set of habitable planets (H2O liquid)
=> Image + extended spectral analysis
=> Nearby targets (10 pc)
A set :
Earth twins (around solar twins)
or
Mass distribution 1-10 M⊕ around GKM stars
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 8… with milestones on the way
1 Statistical study of planetary objects
2 Designate sources suitable for spectroscopic
follow-up
3 Carry out spectroscopic characterization
– Physics & chemistry of atmosphere / surface
– Maximum information on the system (star, age, other
planets…)
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 9… with milestones on the way
1 Statistical study of planetary objects
2 Designate sources suitable for spectroscopic
follow-up
3 Carry out spectroscopic characterization
– Physics & chemistry of atmosphere / surface
– Maximum information on the system (star, age, other
planets…)
These define different science potential levels
which can be achieved on different object classes
=> different difficulties
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 9Ground programs 2010 – 2020
• Radial velocities, including IR (M):
• HARPS, VLT/ESPRESSO…
• Instrumentation for 10-m (Keck, VLT, ..) and ELTs
• Coronography, exAO
•
Optical interferometry :
• Astrometry : VLTI/PRIMA
• Nulling & Exozodi : KI, LBTI..
• Exozodi : ALADDIN (DomeC)
• FITE (balloon borne)…
•
Microlensing MOA
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 10Space missions 2010-2020
• On the way :
• GAIA, JWST
• Choices to be made (500 M€ to 1 G€) :
• USA : Decadal review, NASA choices ;
• SIM-Lite, FKSI, TESS, THESIS, EUCLID-µlensing,
ASMCS missions…
• Japan : SPICA
• ESA : CV1 PLATO, CV2 SEE-COAST + …
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 11Methods and scales
• Methods:
– RV: Radial Velocities
– µlensing
– Transit photometry
– Single Aperture Imaging
– Multiple Aperture Imaging
– Astrometry
– Modelling planetary
structures & atmospheres
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 12Methods and scales
• Methods:
– RV: Radial Velocities • Scales:
– µlensing –E (existing)
– Transit photometry –G (30M€, 5 years)
– Single Aperture Imaging –M (450M€, 10 years)
– Multiple Aperture Imaging
–L (650M€, 15 years)
– Astrometry
–XL (> 1G€, > 20 years)
– Modelling planetary
structures & atmospheres
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 12Science potential level
Methods and scales
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 13Timeline methods 23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 14
Timeline methods
• There is no silver bullet towards the final goal…
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 14Other comments
• Current rate of discoveries much faster than typical
time-scale of space programs
• Two possible approaches will merge eventually:
– Comprehensive strategy building up capability
– Fast-track science on niche targets
• Complementarity of mid-term choices by national
agencies will be essential (with minority cross-
participation)
• Long-term: broad international collaboration needed
for large flagship missions
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 15Space missions 2010-2020 : identifying a set of Super-Earths and Earths 23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 16
Space missions 2010-2020 :
identifying a set of Super-Earths and Earths
• Well under way :
- COROT, KEPLER, RV (visible, IR for M)
- Continued with PLATO, TESS…(all Galaxy)
- Keep exploring the full planet mass spectrum (global picture)
- Keep exploring the global Galaxy picture : Microlensing,
EUCLID
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 16Space missions 2010-2020 :
identifying a set of Super-Earths and Earths
• Well under way :
- COROT, KEPLER, RV (visible, IR for M)
- Continued with PLATO, TESS…(all Galaxy)
- Keep exploring the full planet mass spectrum (global picture)
- Keep exploring the global Galaxy picture : Microlensing,
EUCLID
• Astrometry (SIM) can identify a complete set of targets
@10pc (step 2), with ground support (RV, VLTI/PRIMA)
= highly recommended
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 16Space missions 2015-2025 : characterizing a set of Earths and Super-Earths 23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 17
Space missions 2015-2025 :
characterizing a set of Earths and Super-Earths
• Transit (+ off-transit) from space is probably the best next choice
for spectroscopic characterization (step 3) = pointed
spectrophotometry
• Broad spectral coverage (0.5-20 µm or more) is necessary (ambiguities)
• JWST may not do it sufficiently (observing time, S/N ratio ?)
• Enough targets ; feasibility proven ; direct comparison with models
• M-class mission(s) (500 M€ ?) to be planned (ESA, NASA)
• Extends the VLT, ELT towards Super-Earth masses
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 17Space missions 2015-2025 :
characterizing a set of Earths and Super-Earths
• Transit (+ off-transit) from space is probably the best next choice
for spectroscopic characterization (step 3) = pointed
spectrophotometry
• Broad spectral coverage (0.5-20 µm or more) is necessary (ambiguities)
• JWST may not do it sufficiently (observing time, S/N ratio ?)
• Enough targets ; feasibility proven ; direct comparison with models
• M-class mission(s) (500 M€ ?) to be planned (ESA, NASA)
• Extends the VLT, ELT towards Super-Earth masses
• Coronography and IR interferometry (imaging)
progressing rapidly, on the way to become fully convincing
(exozodi..) for reaching the goal
• SPICA + A possible Probe mission to solidify the concepts
• JWST : many lessons to be learned
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 17Flagship missions
2020-2030 ?
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 18Flagship missions
2020-2030 ?
• It is too early to fully define
an international flagship mission
for 2020-2030
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 18Building-up an international community
coherent with the goal and its importance
the Barcelona process
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 19Building-up an international community
coherent with the goal and its importance
the Barcelona process
• Globally :
• A regular Pathways Conference (next one Flagstaff 2011)
• An identified place for permanent interactions : ICTP model… ?
• A dedicated, long-term action for outreach (HST model)
• Pursue the « broad » analysis : epistemological, ethical …
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 19Building-up an international community
coherent with the goal and its importance
the Barcelona process
• Globally :
• A regular Pathways Conference (next one Flagstaff 2011)
• An identified place for permanent interactions : ICTP model… ?
• A dedicated, long-term action for outreach (HST model)
• Pursue the « broad » analysis : epistemological, ethical …
• For Europe :
• A permanent Committee representing the community
• Presenting the Goal to the EU and getting support (FP8)
• Recognized by ESA and ESO
• A dedicated Fellowship program (name ?)
• Implementing the Barcelona process in Europe
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 19Building-up an international community
coherent with the goal and its importance
the Barcelona process
• Globally :
• A regular Pathways Conference (next one Flagstaff 2011)
• An identified place for permanent interactions : ICTP model… ?
• A dedicated, long-term action for outreach (HST model)
• Pursue the « broad » analysis : epistemological, ethical …
• For Europe :
• A permanent Committee representing the community
• Presenting the Goal to the EU and getting support (FP8)
• Recognized by ESA and ESO
• A dedicated Fellowship program (name ?)
• Implementing the Barcelona process in Europe
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 19Building-up an international community
coherent with the goal and its importance
the Barcelona process
• Globally :
• A regular Pathways Conference (next one Flagstaff 2011)
• An identified place for permanent interactions : ICTP model… ?
• A dedicated, long-term action for outreach (HST model)
• Pursue the « broad » analysis : epistemological, ethical …
• For Europe :
• A permanent Committee representing the community
• Presenting the Goal to the EU and getting support (FP8)
• Recognized by ESA and ESO
• A dedicated Fellowship program (name ?)
• Implementing the Barcelona process in Europe
• With China, India, Russia :
• Contributing to the emergence of a community
• Establishing progressive collaboration programs (TMT…)
23 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 19FOREWORD
to the Contributions presented at the Barcelona Conference (Sept.
2009)
Pathways towards Habitable Exoplanets
The participants met to discuss and compare the different prospective exercices
which have been carried out since 2007
in the US, Europe, Japan and other countries
They consider :
• [c1] The question of whether life exists on other worlds is among humankindʼs
deepest questions, whose answer has profound implications;
• [c2] That we live at a turning point in the history of knowledge when this answer is
Final
within our reach;
• [c3] That the search for other worlds has already provided astounding successes,
with the discovery of (to date) more than 370 planets in over 300 diverse systems;
• [c4] That the field of exoplanets has strong inspirational power to draw new
resolution
generations into science.
They agree :
• [a1] That our long term scientific goal is to obtain a comprehensive understanding
of Earth-comparable planets, which contributes to understanding our own Earth in
Pathways
a broader context;
• [a2] That exoplanet science is an interdisciplinary field, requiring a great diversity
of theories and observations, as well as intermediate steps in support of the
ultimate goal ;
• [a3] That the field has matured to a point where we can develop an integrated,
flexible, and international roadmap towards achieving our goal ;
…and therefore recommend :
• [r1] As exoplanet space missions play a decisive role, choosing the best ones for
the next decade is a critical aspect of the roadmap ; complementarity of the
choices to be done by national agencies is essential, with crossed participations
whenever possible ;
• [r2] Ground programs require existing 10-m class telescopes and future extremely
large telescopes : specific instrumentation and observing time is there essential to
complement space missions ;
• [r3] At least one flagship space mission, which should be defined through broad
international collaboration, will ultimately be required for a comprehensive
understanding of other habitable worlds in our galactic neighbourhood.
23 October 2009 – Towards Other
** Earths – Porto 2023 October 2009 – Towards Other Earths – Porto 21
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