SOXS (Son Of X-Shooter): il cacciatore di transienti - on behalf of the SOXS team - indico ...

SOXS (Son Of X-Shooter): Sergio Campana

il cacciatore di transienti INAF - Osservatorio
 astronomico di Brera

 on behalf of the
 SOXS team

History
 ESO call for new instruments at NTT (06/2014)

 Proposal submission (02/2015)

 SOXS selected by ESO (05/2015) out of 19 Signed MoU INAF-ESO
 Signed MoU INAF-Partners

Project Phase Start End Dura2on
Preliminary Design 08/2016 07/2017 12 months
Final Design 08/2017 10/2018 14 months
MAIT 11/2018 02/2022 39 months+COVID
PAE 02/2022 05/2022 3 months
Commissioning & SV & PAC 05/2022 02/2023 9 months
Opera2ons & GTO 2023 2028

SoXS in a nutshell

 RAB~20.5

Kulkarni’s comparison

https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03511

SOXS Consortium
 Institutes from 6 Countries

 q INAF
 Common (OAPath,
 Brera,
 NIRCapodimonte,
 Spectrograph,
 Padova, Roma, Catania,
 Control Software FGG)
 & Electronics,
 Vacuum and Cryogenics, Detectors
 control (INAF)
 q Weizmann Institute(Weizmann)
 UV/VIS Spectrograph (Israel)
 q Queen’s
 AcquisitionUniversity Belfast (UK)
 Camera (Millennium
 Institute of Astrophysics - MAS)
 q Millenium Institute
 Calibration Unit (Turku(Chile)
 University)
 q Turku Univ. & FINCA
 Data Reduction (Queen’s (Finland)
 Un. Belfast)
 Tel Aviv University
 q University of Tel Aviv (Israel)
 Dark Cosmology
 q Neils Center
 Bohr Institute & Aarhus

Responsibilities
INAF ~ 49% (CP, NIR-arm, integration, management, etc.)

Wiezmann ~24% (UV-VIS arm optics and mechanics)

QUB ~8% (VIS-CCD, reduction pipeline)

FINCA ~7% (Calibration Unit)

MAS ~6% (Acquisition camera)

Tel Aviv University ~4%

DAWN & Aarhus Univ. ~2%

ESO
 Consortium Structure
 Project Office

 Science PI PM SE
 Board S. Campana P. Schipani R. Claudi

 Co-Is
 IS WP WP
 P. D’Avanzo Manager 1 Manager N

Science
 WG Engineering & Operations Team

 ⩨ E. Cappellaro (INAF-OAPadova) - Italy ⩨ I. Arcavi (Tel Aviv University) – Israel
 ⩨ M. Della Valle (INAF-OANapoli) - Italy ⩨ S. Mattila (FINCA) – Finland
 ⩨ A. Gal-Yam (Weizmann) – Israel ⩨ M. Stritzinger (Aarhus U.) – Denmark
 ⩨ S. Smartt (Univ. Belfast) – UK ⩨ S. Campana (INAF-OABrera) - Italy

Science Working Groups
WG WG Topic WG Leader WG Deputy Number of
 participants
 1 Small bodies and comets Fitzsimmond Dotto 7/11
 2 Stellar variability, exoplanets Pagano Alcalà 19/20
 and Young Stellar Objects
 3 Transient X-ray binaries, Casella Veledina 16/20
 magnetars, ultra-luminous
 4 Cataclysmic
 X-ray sourcesvariables,
 (NS & BH)novae Della Valle Ben-Ami 5/9
 and white dwarfs
 5 Supernovae Ia and Stritzinger Kotak 4/15
 thermonuclear transients
 6 Fast and extreme transients Arcavi Mattila 6/18
 (including SLSNe)
 7 Intermediate luminosity Kotak Pastorello 9/20
 transients
 8 Core Collapse Supernovae Gal-Yam Pignata 10/23
 9 AGN and blazars Landoni — 11/19
 10 Tidal Disruption and Mattila Arcavi 3/10
 Nuclear Events
 11 Gamma Ray bursts & Fast D’Avanzo Fynbo 8/10
 radio bursts
 12 Gravitational wave and Campana Smartt 16/29
 neutrino counterparts
 13 Classification Benetti Botticella 14/27

Work-Packages Giovani!
Optics WP Manager - Matteo Munari (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Catania)
Mechanics WP Manager - Matteo Aliverti (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Brera)
Electronics WP Manager - Giulio Capasso (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Capodimonte)
Software WP Manager - Andrea Baruffolo (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Padova)
Vacuum & Cryogenics WP Manager - Salvo Scuderi (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Catania)
AIT WP Manager - Kalyan Radhakrishnan (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Padova)
Instrument Model WP Manager - Matteo Genoni (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Brera)
VIS Spectrograph WP Manager - Sagi Ben-Ami (Weizmann Institute)
VIS Spectrograph Optics WP Manager - Adam Rubin (Weizmann Institute)
VIS Spectrograph Mechanics WP Manager - Ofir Hershko (Weizmann Institute)
VIS Detector WP Manager - Rosario Cosentino (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Catania)
NIR Spectrograph WP Manager - Fabrizio Vitali (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Roma)
NIR WP Manager - Francesco D’Alessio (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Roma)
Acquisition Camera WP Manager - Anna Brucalassi (Millenium Institute & INAF)
Calibration Unit Optics WP Manager - Haynino Kuncaraycti (Turku University)
Operations software lead WP Manager - Marco Landoni (INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Brera)
Pipeline WP Manager - David Young (Queens’ University Belfast)

Working!

SOXS GTO
➤ 180 n/yr for 5 yr

➤ Bad weather shared with ESO

➤ Time: 8.5 hr * 0.75 eff * 0.9 good *180 n/yr ~ 1000 hr/yr

➤ SOXS GTO fully dedicated to Target of Opportunity
 observations for transient and variable sources, very limited
 time for long term monitoring of variable sources

SOXS

Integrated approach
SOXS Consortium will manage the entire schedule
including ‘SOXS’ time and ‘ESO’ time.

Schedule day-by-day, optimising for into account the
Moon, airmass, seeing, water vapour, sky brightness,
wind direction constraints. One SoXS scientist always on duty.
Possibility to change the observing schedule on the fly.
Overall balance among ESO and SOXS time in
terms of dark-grey-bright time, water vapour, seeing,
etc.

Mountain operations
After an initial period of training (of people) and instrument
(set up and debug), no SOXS scientists will be in La Silla
(unless for limited periods).

SOXS people
- will prepare the night schedule in advance
- one scientist will remain on-call for problems and for
 changing the schedule in case of unforeseen fast-track
 events

ESO people
- observations are carried out by the night operator at the
NTT telescope

Why do we need SOXS
Current & new optical survey: ASAS-SN, ATLAS, ZTF, Rubin/LSST, …
Space optical missions: Gaia, EUCLID, …
Space high-energy missions: Swift, Fermi, eROSITA, SVOM, …
Radio new facilities: MeerKAT, SKA, …
VHE: MAGIC, HESS, Astri, CTA
Messengers: LIGO-Virgo, KM3Net, ANTARES, …

 SOXS@NTT will have 180 n/yr (for 5 yr)
 ~3,000 - 4,000 spectra/yr

SOXS Science cases
• Classification (service) •Rapid follow-up
• SN (all flavours) •Dense monitoring
• GW & •Always available
• TDE & Nuclear transients Long GRB afterglows

• GRB & FRB
• X-ray binaries & magnetars Short GRB
 afterglows

• Novae & WDs
• Asteroids & Comets Kilonovae

• Young Stellar Objects & Stars
• Blazars & AGN
• Unknown

dpana
 significantly along the past years.Part B1this grant, data will be taken
 Without Sci 3
 a dedicated task force to coordinate, model, interpret, simulate, and pre-
 ses
on and operationsGW170817
 What can SOXS do?
 of SOXS are already
 40 fully secured. Here I propose to build and lead a dedi-
 20 0.5 d
eam at the Brera Observatory on three40main science topics, which are of the utmost importance
 with X-shooter 30
 to which I contributed significantly along
 20 the past years. Without this 1.0grant,
 d data will be taken
 10
 we will deeply miss is a dedicated task30force to coordinate, model, interpret, 1.5 d
 simulate, and pre-

 Signal to Noise Ratio
 20
 ral features based on 10
 ata. The team I pro- 40
 20 2.5 d 0.5 d
 20
 ll be in the unique po- 10
 20 40
ull advantage of these 15 30 1.0 d
 10 20 3.5 d
 10
er my scientific guid- 20
 5
 30
 15 1.5 d
uce breakthrough ad- 4.5 d

 Signal to Noise Ratio
 10 20
 5 10
 domain astronomy. 15
 20
 10 5.5 d 2.5 d
 ional-waves and 5 10
etic counterparts 15
 10
 20
 15 6.5 d 3.5 d
 eakthrough discovery 5 10
 5
onal wave (GW) signal 5000 104 1.5×104 20 152×10
 4
 4.5 d
 escing black holes in Wavelenght (Å)
 (Å) 10
 5
 15
era started. Two years Figure B1-2: Left: X-shooter set10of 5.5 d
O and Virgo interfer- broad-band spectra on AT2017gfo over 5
 11 d (adapted from Pian et al 2017 15 and
 detected two merging 10 6.5 d
 Smartt et al. 2017). Right: Simulation of
 An electromagnetic 5
 the Signal-to-Noise ratio reachable with
 ciated with this event. SOXS with 1 hr (0.5 d-3.5 d) or 2 hr 5000 104 1.5×104 2×104
 from the associated (4.5 d-6.5 d) observations (airmass 1.5, Wavelenght (Å)
 (Å)
 GRB170817 were de- 3d from new Moon, R~1,000, based on B1-2: Left: X-shooter set of
 Figure
 and INTEGRAL satel- the X-shooter spectra and blackbody ex- Preliminary SoXS ETC
 broad-band spectra on AT2017gfo over
 trapolation with the SOXS ETC v05).
 ntic hunt, a new opti- 11 d (adapted http://192.167.38.34/
 Spectra are not corrected for telluric lines.
 from Pian et al 2017 and
 he NGC4993 (at 41 Smartt et al. 2017). Right: Simulation of

Conclusions
•Team: 72+4 signed the INAF scheda (only FTE>0)
•Time: 9 FTE TI - 6 FTE TD

•International project: 50% Italy - Italy leads

•Funds: ~500 kE/yr (now at peak, transition from technology to
 science).

•GTO: 180 n/yr for 5 years, fully dedicated to transient and
 variable sources. SOXS in charge for the NTT operations.
 Possibility to trigger every night with a fast reaction (~15min
 on source).

•Issues: Need for FTE for the operations

Thanks