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2021
Hydropower
Status Report
Sector trends and insights
| 1
Contents REGISTER FOR THE VIRTUAL
Foreword4
Executive summary 5
Hydropower installed capacity in 2020 7
Hydropower growth in context 8
Where was capacity added in 2020? 9
Regional developments 10
Sector developments 12
Feature: A defining year for pumped storage 12
Clean energy systems 14
Finance and modernisation 16
Water and climate change 18
Sustainability assessments 19
The planet’s premier hydropower event
Feature: The new global sustainability standard 20
is now online and open to all
Regions in focus 22
North and Central America 22
Registration has opened for the 2021 World 7-24 SEPTEMBER 2021
Hydropower Congress, the globe’s premier
South America 26 gathering of influencers and innovators REGISTER NOW FOR FREE
Europe 30 dedicated to advancing sustainable HYDROPOWER.ORG/CONGRESS
hydropower.
Africa 34
For the first time ever, access to the World
South and Central Asia 38
Hydropower Congress is free of charge and
East Asia and Pacific 42 open to all. Virtual events will be broadcast
Data tables: capacity and generation 2020 46 online across multiple timezones, with video
on-demand services available for all registrants. Hosted by With support from Hosting partner Organised by
Over 150 speakers will address more than 30
virtual events over three weeks between 7-24
September 2021. Strategic partners
Supporting partners Event sponsor
2 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | |1 1
We are the voice of
sustainable hydropower
Secure hydropower’s place in the energy transition by
joining the International Hydropower Association today
The International Hydropower Association When delivered responsibly, hydropower offers
(IHA) represents organisations and individuals clean, affordable and reliable electricity, while
committed to sustainable hydropower. meeting our basic needs for water, irrigation,
Since IHA was founded in 1995, the hydropower flood and drought control.
sector has more than doubled in size from 625 As the world’s largest producer of renewable
GW to over 1,300 GW. IHA’s members operate energy, hydropower ensures global
around a third of current capacity at 450 GW. decarbonisation goals remain within reach,
Our mission is to advance sustainable while complementing variable renewables
hydropower by building and sharing knowledge through its flexibility and storage.
on its role in renewable energy systems,
responsible freshwater management and
climate change solutions.
100+ 120+ 450
© 2021 International Hydropower Association Limited. The “International
Hydropower Association” name and logo are the property of International
Hydropower Association Limited, a not-for-profit company limited by guarantee,
incorporated in England (No. 08656160), the operator of the International
Hydropower Association.
organisations countries gigawatts All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
Find out more:
IHA’s networkof members where our members operate installed capacity of our members
or transmitted without the prior permission of the publisher. Contact:
communications@hydropower.org hydropower.org/join
2 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 3
Foreword Executive summary
The message of this 2021 Hydropower Status Report is clear together with China and other significant carbon emitters, is Now in its eighth edition, the 2021 Hydropower Status cost, baseload electricity in many markets, hydropower will
– at the present rate of hydropower development, the global on the road to setting ambitious targets to reach net zero. Report is published as the world continues to grapple with increasingly be valued for its flexibility and provide essential
energy pathway to net zero emissions will not be realised. This the Covid-19 pandemic. Signs of recovery are emerging but support to the huge growth in wind and solar that is needed
Sustainable hydropower must be part of this journey. It is
is a wake-up call for policy-makers, hydropower developers considerable disruption is expected to continue throughout to limit global warming.
green, clean, modern, affordable and reliable. The forthcoming
and project financiers and provides clarity for the public. 2021.
Hydropower Sustainability Standard, the new certification and Indeed, as recognised by the IEA, hydropower will become the
Investment in sustainably developed and responsibly operated rating system, will give hydropower developers and operators Beyond Covid, the challenge of climate change remains the dominant source of flexible electricity by 2050, so it is essential
hydropower is essential to support the massive expansion a means to demonstrate this. In addition, the newly formed dominant issue for the energy sector. The International Energy that investment steps up to ensure low carbon energy security
of variable renewables like wind and solar. However annual International Forum on Pumped Storage Hydropower will soon Agency (IEA)’s flagship Net Zero by 2050 report, published over the coming decades.
growth rates of 1.5 to 2 per cent cannot meet the doubling set out policies to guide how clean, green water batteries with in May 2021, suggests the world will need 2,600 GW of
Events over the past year have demonstrated that electricity
of installed capacity proposed by the International Energy long duration storage can back up variable renewables. hydropower capacity by mid-century to have a chance of
systems need flexibility now. In Europe, in January 2021 a
Agency to achieve net zero by 2050. keeping global temperature rises below 1.5 degrees Celsius.
As we prepare for the landmark 2021 World Hydropower blackout event was avoided through the support of highly
That means that we need to build the same amount of
Despite the challenge ahead, there is reason for optimism. Congress, to be followed by the historic United Nations flexible sources of generation like hydropower, conversely in
capacity in the next 30 years as in the previous 100.
Companies, investors and citizens increasingly recognise Climate Conference (COP26), we must harness the energy Texas in February supply failed in extreme weather and there
the need for fundamental change. We are witnessing a generated to put sustainable hydropower where it should be: It is now becoming increasingly clear that the role of was not enough flexible generation available to compensate.
momentum and a unity of voice not seen before. In recent at the heart of the transition. renewable hydropower will undergo a qualitative shift over
months, the US has rejoined the Paris Agreement and, the coming decades. While it will continue to provide low
Roger Gill
IHA President
Eddie Rich
IHA CEO
4,370 TWh 1,330 GW 21GW 159.5 GW 1.5 GW
Electricity generated from Hydropower installed Capacity added in 2020, Pumped storage installed Pumped storage capacity
hydropower in 2020 capacity reached in 2020 including pumped storage capacity reached in 2020 added in 2020
up on up on
+1.1% +1.6% 15.6 GW +0.9% 0.3 GW
on 2019 on 2019 added in 2019 on 2019 added in 2019
4 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 5
Hydropower installed capacity in 2020
China 370.2 Brazil 109.3 United States 102.0 Canada 82.0 India 50.5 Japan 49.9
New hydropower capacity by region in 2020 (MW)
14,466
Russia 49.9
3,032
1,609
938 476
531 Norway 33.0
North and
East Asia and Pacific Europe South and Central Asia Africa Central America South America Turkey 31.0
This report shows the hydropower sector generated a record
4,370 terawatt hours (TWh) of clean electricity in 2020 - up
from the previous record of 4,306 TWh in 2019. To put this into
Pumped storage hydropower totalled 1.5 GW of the new
additions in capacity, up on the 304 MW added in 2019. Most
of this was in China (1.2 GW), with Israel also commissioning
1,330
total hydropower
GW
France 25.5
Italy 22.6
context, this is approximately the same as the entire annual the 300 MW Mount Gilboa project under an innovative installed capacity
in 2020
electricity consumption of the United States. financing model.
Spain 20.4
Overall hydropower installed capacity reached 1,330 gigawatts Major projects completed in 2020 included the 2.1 GW Lauca Vietnam 17.1
(GW) in 2020. This represents year-on-year growth of 1.6 per facility in Angola, the 1.8 GW Jixi pumped storage facility
Switzerland 16.9
cent - higher than 2019 but still well down on the more than 2 in China and the Ilisu (1.2 GW) and Lower Kaleköy (0.5 GW)
per cent needed to enable hydropower’s essential contribution projects in Turkey. The single biggest increase in capacity was Sweden 16.5
to tackling climate change. in China, where the Wudongde project put eight of its 12 units Venezuela 15.4
online, adding 6.8 GW to the Chinese grid. The remainder is Austria 14.6
During 2020, hydropower projects totalling 21 GW in capacity
expected to be commissioned in 2021.
were put into operation, up on 2019’s 15.6 GW. Nearly two- Mexico 12.6
thirds of this growth came from China, which saw 13.8 GW of China remains the world leader in respect of total hydropower Iran 12.2
new capacity. Among other countries that added new capacity installed capacity with over 370 GW. Brazil (109 GW), the USA
Rest of world 266.6 Colombia 11.9
in 2020, only Turkey (2.5 GW) added more than 1 GW. (102 GW), Canada (82 GW) and India (50 GW) make up the rest
of the top five. Japan and Russia are just behind India, followed
by Norway (33 GW) and Turkey (31 GW).
Hydropower installed capacity (GW) of top 20
hydropower producers and the rest of the world,
including pumped storage (2020)
Methodology Hydropower capacity by region in 2020 (GW)
The data presented in this report were continuously tracked When generation data from primary sources are not available,
and updated to account for new information in our global estimates are prepared based on the previous year’s figure,
hydropower database which tracks more than 13,000 stations averaged capacity factors and regional meteorological events
East Asia Europe North and South South and Africa
in over 150 countries. and data.
and Pacific
254 Central America Central Asia
38
Data were compiled by a team of analysts using information For a small number of countries capacity data from previous
501 America
177 155
sourced from (1) official statistics from governments, years has been updated with new information. This means that 205
regulation agencies, transmission network operators and asset those countries will see a year on year increase compared to
owners; (2) scientific articles and reports; (3) daily news reports previous years’ reports, but these increased capacity numbers
involving hydropower plant development, official declarations are not treated as capacity added in 2020.
of contracts, and equipment deals; and (4) direct consultation
with operators and industry sources.
6 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 7 | | 7
Hydropower growth in context Where was capacity Thirty-five countries added hydropower capacity in 2020,
down on the 50 countries that added capacity in 2019. The
added in 2020?
total amount of new capacity added however increased from
15.6 GW to 21 GW. The countries with the highest individual
increases in installed capacity were China (13.8 GW) and
Hydropower installed capacity growth, 2016-2020 (GW) Turkey (2.5 GW).
1,500
1267 GW 1291 GW 1308 GW 1330 GW
1245 GW
1,200
9,000
600
300
0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
The rise of 21 GW in total hydropower installed capacity in global warming below 2 degrees Celsius. To reach this target
2020 represented an increase of 1.6 per cent on the previous would require yearly growth of around 2 per cent a year on
year. By comparison, the average year-on-year growth in average.
installed capacity in the five years between 2016 and 2020
But if we want to limit temperature rises to 1.5 degrees the
was 1.8 per cent. It is important to note however that annual
challenge is greater. The IEA’s Net Zero by 2050 report now
growth can vary considerably depending on when major
estimates some 1,300 GW of new hydropower capacity is
projects, which are years in development, are commissioned.
needed by 2050. To achieve this more stretching target the
Notwithstanding, the world needs significantly more yearly growth required increases to at least 2.3 per cent if the
hydropower, to be built at a much faster rate, if it is to tackle world starts building at this rate now.
climate change. Multilateral bodies such as the International
In addition, the global hydropower fleet is ageing, and
Energy Agency (IEA) and International Renewable Energy
although much can be modernised it is inevitable that there
Agency (IRENA) have previously stated that the world needs
around an additional 850 GW of new hydropower to keep
will be some retirements, affecting future capacity. Key
Projects completed No new additions 199 MW and below 200 MW to 1,999 MW 2,000 MW to 9,999 MW
China 13,760
in 2020 (MW)
Capacity added Capacity added Capacity added
6,800 Ranking Country (MW) Ranking Country (MW) Ranking Country (MW)
Top 10 countries by new 2,071 1,800 1 China 13,760 13 Chile 205 25 Cameroon 30
installed capacity in 2020 (MW) 2 Turkey 2,480 14 Albania 197 26 Argentina 30
3 India 478 15 Georgia 178 27 Madagascar 28
Wudongde Lauca Jixi (PSH)
China Angola China 4 Angola 401 16 Laos 176 28 Kazakhstan 26
5 Russia 380 17 Dominican Republic 123 29 Serbia 25
6 Norway 324 18 Japan 111 30 United States 24
1,224
500 450 7 Israel 300 19 Honduras 108 31 Colombia 24
Turkey 2,480
Ilisu
8 Canada 275 20 Pakistan 102 32 Finland 6
Lower Kaleköy Jiangpinghe
Turkey Turkey China 9 Ethiopia 254 21 Malaysia 101 33 Thailand 3
Indonesia 236
Ethiopia 254
10 Indonesia 236 22 Viet Nam 80 34 Peru 2
Norway 324
Angola 401
Canada 275
Russia 380
India 478
Israel 300
429 346 337 300
11 Guinea 225 23 Nepal 74 35 Guyana 2
Cetin Zaramagskaya Souapiti Mount Gilboa (PSH) 12 Brazil 213 24 Uzbekistan 71
Turkey Russia Guinea Israel
8 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 9
Hydropower generation by region (TWh)
East Asia North and South Europe South and Africa
and Pacific Central America
674 Central Asia
140
1643 America
690 498
724
Regional
developments
North and South America Europe Africa South and Central Asia East Asia and Pacific
Central America Itaipu, on the border between Brazil In 2020, all renewable sources Despite the disruptions and changes In February 2021 a glacier burst in the The momentum of divesting from
and Paraguay, continued setting combined generated more electricity caused by Covid-19, hydropower has Indian state of Uttarakhand tragically fossil fuels continued to grow across
In the United States, hydropower the region, as China, Japan, South
records in production and production than fossil fuels for the first time in shown resilience in the region with its led to multiple fatalities and severely
industry and civil society stakeholders Korea and ASEAN countries announced
efficiency. In 2020, the plant celebrated the EU, representing a key milestone share increasing in the electricity mix damaged two hydropower projects
came to an historic agreement. The pledges to accelerate the transition to
the milestone of 2.7 TWh of electricity towards decarbonisation. in several countries, such as Ethiopia, that were under construction.
‘Uncommon Dialogue’ will address renewable energy.
produced since it started operations Angola and Guinea. In 2020, despite delays to a number of
climate change by advancing While demand reduced during the
in 1984. projects as a result of the pandemic, In 2020, China added a total of 13.76
renewable energy while protecting Covid-19 pandemic, total hydropower In 2020, 938 MW of hydropower
rivers. In Brazil, Companhia Hidrelétrica do generation was 4 per cent higher capacity was put into operation across just over 1.6 GW of new capacity was GW of new hydropower capacity,
São Francisco (CHESF) commissioned compared to 2019, largely due to the African continent. Hydropower commissioned, mainly in India, Russia, including 1.2 GW of pumped storage
In Canada, the Québec government from the last four units of Jixi project.
Andritz to carry out the modernisation increased output in the Nordics and accounts for 16 per cent of the total Israel, Georgia and Pakistan.
approved the Appalaches-Maine
of the 1,050 MW Sobradinho plant. Iberia. electricity share and is expected to In India, a nine-minute mass dimming China’s 10.2 GW Wudongde project
Interconnection Line project that will
supply the United States with about 10 increase to more than 23 per cent by of lights to show solidarity during the is scheduled to be fully operational
The Inter-American Development Turkey added 2,480 MW new
TWh annually of clean hydroelectricity. 2040. pandemic resulted in a huge drop in by July 2021 and will be the country’s
Bank approved an extra US$900 hydropower capacity, with major
million to finish the 2,400 MW Ituango plants commissioned such as 1,224 With Lauca (2,071 MW) fully demand of 31 GW and a subsequent fourth-largest and the world’s seventh-
Costa Rica nearly reached 100 per largest hydropower project upon
project in Colombia which suffered a MW Ilisu, 429 MW Cetin, 120 MW operational, Angola (3,836 MW) has swift ramping up. India’s power system
cent renewable electricity production completion.
major construction incident in 2018 Alpaslan II and 500 MW Lower Kaleköy. become the second highest producer planners relied on hydropower to
in 2020. It was the sixth consecutive
that may lead to one of the largest of hydropower on the continent, manage the extreme fluctuation in
year producing over 98 per cent Major policy updates include the Malaysia formally recognised ‘large
insurance claims in the history of civil surpassing South Africa (3,596 MW) demand.
from renewable sources including EU Green Deal, the EU Taxonomy hydropower’ as part of its renewable
engineering. and behind only Ethiopia (4,074MW). In Israel, the 300 MW Mount Gilboa energy definition, in line with other
hydropower. Regulation for environmentally
Bolivia resumed construction on sustainable investment, and the launch Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam pumped storage hydropower facility countries internationally.
Mexico continued with its focus on the
the 290 MW Ivirizu and the 204 MW of the Recovery and Resilience Facility. (6,000 MW) completed the first began commercial operations - the
modernisation of powered and non- Pumped storage projects in Australia
Miguillas hydropower projects in stage of filling its reservoir in July only pumped storage facility outside
powered dams with plans to equip Additional hydropower plants made significant progress, including
Cochabamba and in La Paz, with a total 2020 with 4.9 billion cubic metres of of China to commission in 2020.
15 irrigation dams for hydropower commissioned in 2020 included the Snowy 2.0, the Battery of the Nation
investment of nearly US$1,000 million. storage and is expected to become It operates under an innovative
generation. 197 MW Moglice hydropower plant in and the Marinus Link.
operational in 2023. The Genale-Dawa financing mechanism that pays for
Albania, and a number of facilities in plant availability over an 18-20 year
In Honduras, the Inter-American III multipurpose project (254 MW) also
Norway increasing national capacity by timeframe.
Development Bank approved an US$18 connected to the Ethiopian electricity
324 MW.
million loan to modernise the 300 MW grid.
Francisco Morazán hydropower plant,
the largest in the country.
10 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 11
Sector developments
A defining year for pumped
storage hydropower High-level stakeholders
Launched in November 2020 and co-chaired by the U.S. At the inaugural meeting of the Forum, speakers urged
Department of Energy and former Prime Minister of Australia governments and industry to move quickly to develop projects
Malcolm Turnbull, the International Forum on Pumped Storage at the scale needed to support the rapid roll-out of variable
Hydropower is a government-led multi-stakeholder platform renewables.
to shape and enhance the role of PSH in future power systems. In his opening address, Mr Turnbull stated that “politicisation
The Forum brings together 13 governments – the USA, Austria, of climate policy has delayed global action and disrupted the
Brazil, Colombia, Estonia, Greece, India, Indonesia, Israel, orderly planning needed to move to a future of zero emissions
Morocco, Norway, Sri Lanka and Switzerland – to develop and affordable and reliable energy”.
guidance and recommendations on how sustainable pumped The second meeting in May 2021 was opened by U.S. Secretary
storage hydropower can best support the energy transition. of Energy Jennifer Granholm with the statement that investing
Partners include over 80 organisations from industry, academia in hydropower, especially pumped storage, is a central part
and NGOs as well as five multilateral development banks: of President Biden’s green energy jobs plan and “can help us
the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and take major steps forward while creating millions of new, good
Development (EBRD), the African Development Bank (AfDB), paying jobs and improving the quality of life for Americans
the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Inter-American everywhere”.
Development Bank (IDB), and the International Renewable The remarks by Secretary Granholm were followed by a high-
Energy Agency (IRENA). level roundtable discussion with Mr Turnbull and Greek Energy
Through convening three working groups, the Forum will Minister Kostas Skrekas, amongst other speakers. As part of
deliver actionable recommendations and share best practice national recovery plans, the Greek government is leveraging
in ‘Market and Policy Frameworks’, ‘Capabilities, Costs and the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) to finance
Innovation’, and ‘Sustainability’. Final deliverables will be pumped storage projects in Greece.
launched at the World Hydropower Congress in September “As we shift how we power our countries and economies,
Clean, green water batteries 2021, with the aim of taking these key outcomes to the UN the need to scale up and realise the power of hydropower
Climate Conference (COP26) in Glasgow a few weeks later in has never been greater,” said Kelly Speakes-Backman, Acting
Pumped storage hydropower (PSH) currently accounts for November 2021. Assistant Secretary of Energy and Co-Chair of the Forum.
over 90 per cent of the world’s grid-scale energy storage In the first quarter of 2021, the UK experienced a period of
applications, with 160 GW of installed capacity and 9,000 GWh low wind, reducing wind energy generation to levels not seen Learn more: hydropower.org/pumpedstorageforum
in energy storage capacity. in over ten years. Over this time period, PSH helped stabilise
the UK electricity grid by supplying daily electricity inputs at
PSH is a mature and proven technology capable of storing record high rates. Forum’s steering committee:
energy or daily cycles up to seasonal storage applications,
as well as providing essential grid services for power system Similarly, hydropower and pumped storage helped prevent
a large-scale blackout in continental Europe on 8 January Sponsoring partners:
reliability.
2021. With the phase-out of fossil generation to reach climate
The impacts of Covid-19 and extreme weather events over the targets, the importance of hydropower’s storage and flexibility
past 12 months have demonstrated the solutions pumped services will continue to grow.
storage hydropower can offer to combat a growing list of
challenges facing grid operators. Given the increasing number of net zero emissions targets
being set, governments, industry and the wider sector need
During the height of global lockdowns, electricity demand to work collaboratively and quickly develop PSH at scale to
declined by up to 30 per cent. Over these periods of low support the rapid roll-out of variable renewables.
electricity demand, pumped storage was hailed by the
Financial Times as the “first line of defence in the battle to keep
Britain’s lights on”.
12 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 13
Sector developments Linth Limmern pumped storage project, Switzerland
Credit: GE Renewable Energy
Clean energy systems
IEA report models a doubling of hydropower IDB: ‘Significant potential’ in Latin America for
capacity to achieve net zero pumped storage hydro
To successfully limit global temperature rises to 1.5 degrees Pumped hydro energy storage holds significant potential for
Celsius, reducing global CO₂ emissions to net zero is essential. large-scale energy storage applications in Latin America and
The IEA’s Net Zero by 2050 report was released in May 2021, the Caribbean (LAC), especially considering the vast existing
modelling how the global energy sector may successfully hydropower infrastructure in the region, according to the Inter-
decarbonise by 2050. In the Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenario, American Development Bank (IDB). Their report titled ‘State of
while solar PV and wind are modelled as generating the vast Charge: Energy Storage in Latin America and the Caribbean’
majority of electricity, hydropower will continue to steadily examined the current and potential roles for energy storage
grow, “doubling by 2050” and becoming the largest single technologies in LAC grids and provided recommendations on
source of flexible electricity generation. Further to this, the the regulatory and policy changes to accelerate uptake in the
report emphasised the role pumped storage hydropower region. The report also suggested that the size of the global
could play, stating that it “offers an attractive means of pumped storage industry has been estimated at US$300
providing flexibility over a matter of hours and days”. Hydrogen billion and projected to grow to US$400 billion by 2026.
is described as potentially having an important role to play in Near-blackout in Europe shows hydropower’s crucial
longer term seasonal storage. role in green transition
Coupling green hydrogen with hydropower could In January 2021, a blackout event in Europe to rival that of
create a net zero future the February 2021 Texas power crisis was only avoided by
Produced using decarbonised electricity and water through the narrowest of margins, according to an assessment by
a process called electrolysis, green hydrogen is set to be an the European Network of Transmission System Operators
important component of the transition to net-zero carbon (ENTSO-E). On 8 January 2021, the failure of a substation
economies. As an emission-free gas it could provide a in Croatia triggered a dramatic increase in frequency in
replacement for fossil fuels in key hard-to-abate sectors, the south-east European grid and a corresponding drop in
including heavy industry, transport and shipping. In 2021 IHA frequency in the north-west. Such a drop in frequency (or
released a research and policy paper, ‘The green hydrogen lack of supply) will normally result in major power failures and XFLEX HYDRO: Major step
revolution: hydropower’s transformative role’, outlining how widespread blackouts if not resolved within a few seconds. forward for EU funded hydropower initiative
hydropower could be pivotal in supporting growth in green Fortunately, disaster was averted thanks to the immediate The EU-funded XFLEX HYDRO initiative to demonstrate how
hydrogen. Most hydrogen is currently produced from fossil ramping up of generation from flexible hydropower and gas smart hydropower technologies can deliver a low-carbon,
fuels, but 2050 projections by IRENA, the Hydrogen Council peaking plants, as well as load shedding in France and Italy. reliable and resilient power system published its first major per cent of these cost savings came from the avoided capital
and others suggest renewable and low carbon green hydrogen While in this case the system worked as it was intended to, report in November 2020. The report assesses the future cost of other sources of firm low carbon generation, further
could grow dramatically over the coming decades. The the narrowly avoided blackout highlights the importance of ancillary services expected to be required by the European demonstrating the cost benefit and capabilities of pumped
concluding sections of the paper set out recommendations to hydropower’s flexibility and storage services. power grid, technical requirements and corresponding storage hydropower as a provider of short and long term
scale up production and the opportunities in coupling projects markets. In April 2021, a battery energy storage system (BESS) system flexibility.
with clean hydropower. container for the project also arrived at EDF’s Vogelgrun
US DOE: New valuation guidebook for pumped
hydropower plant. Vogelgrun is a 142 MW run-of-river plant in
storage
France, where one of the plant’s Kaplan turbine units will be
The new US Department of Energy published a valuation
hybridised with the battery.
handbook, led by Argonne National Laboratory, that illustrates
Investing in pumped storage can save energy system the value of investing in pumped storage. The guide measures
costs both monetised and non-monetised value streams. For
A study by independent researchers from Imperial College example planning a new project can examine effects of
London found that just 4.5 GW of new long duration market rules and mechanisms, and the likelihood of recouping
pumped hydropower with 90 GWh of storage could save investment. Regulators can judge if a project is economical
up to £690 million a year in energy system costs by 2050, and predict when a new plant will have a positive impact on
as the UK transitions to a net zero carbon emission system. consumers’ electricity rates. A financial institution can find
Commissioned by SSE Renewables, the report found that 75 assurances before it approves loans or loan guarantees.
14 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 15
Sector developments Credit: China Three Gorges Corporation
Finance and modernisation
IRENA outlook report underlines need for EU recognition of sustainable hydropower in
renewables investment investment rules
Energy transition investment will have to increase by 30 per The European Commission made changes to its proposed
cent over planned investment to a total of US$131 trillion investment criteria for hydropower, releasing an update to
between now and 2050, according to the International the EU Taxonomy Climate Delegated Act – a classification
Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The agency’s ‘1.5°C system for environmentally sustainable economic activities.
Pathway’ sees electricity becoming the main energy carrier in The criteria for hydropower are now more context specific.
2050 with renewable power capacity expanding more than Run-of-river plants or plants with a power density above
ten-fold over the same period. The increase in investment 5W/m2 will not have to undertake a life cycle based GHG
would correspond to a global spend of US$4.4 trillion emission assessment to prove that they comply with the 100g
on average every year, including US$85 billion a year for threshold. Plants with a reservoir and a power density below
hydropower, excluding pumped storage. 5W/m2 will have to confirm that they meet the threshold.
Importantly, the act also now recognises all types of pumped
Hydropower sector receives green light for climate
storage hydropower as making a substantial contribution
bond finance
to climate change mitigation. The act is now aligned with
The Climate Bonds Standard criteria for hydropower were
hydropower sector good practice requirements described
launched in early 2021 representing a major milestone for
in the Hydropower Sustainability ESG Gap Analysis Tool,
the sector. CBI certified climate bonds are widely regarded
compliance with which is necessary to secure green bond
as the best way to direct investment to infrastructure that
financing through the Climate Bonds Initiative.
supports the Paris Agreement while reducing negative
impacts on the environment and communities. Following the New guide on hydropower investment in Africa
announcement, developers, banks, governments and other highlights opportunities
investors can now issue certified climate bonds to finance or While hydropower is the main provider of renewable electricity
refinance hydropower projects that comply with strict social, in Africa with over 38 GW of installed capacity, the continent
environmental and climate criteria. Pumped storage, run-of- has the highest untapped potential in the world, with only 11
river and impoundment facilities of any size are eligible. The per cent utilised. Addleshaw Goddard, with assistance from
criteria stipulates use of the Hydropower Sustainability ESG IHA, released ‘An Investor’s Guide to Hydropower in Africa’ to NHA paper identifies solutions for new pumped
Gap Analysis Tool for assessing gaps against good practice provide investors with essential information to support the storage development Studies identify significant investment needs in
as well as the G-res Tool for reporting net greenhouse gas sustainable development of hydropower projects. According As part of the International Forum on Pumped Storage hydropower modernisation
emissions. to the World Bank, around US$100 billion of infrastructure Hydropower, the National Hydropower Association has In 2020, IHA completed studies with the Inter-American
investment is needed in the region, however of the more announced the submission of a pumped storage hydropower Development Bank (IDB) and Asian Infrastructure Investment
than US$8 billion invested in infrastructure in 2017, less than (PSH) policy paper aimed at identifying challenges and Bank (AIIB) identifying significant modernisation needs for
3 per cent came from the private sector. The new guide will solutions to jump start development in the United States. the regions’ hydropower. In the case of Latin America, over
help host governments, private investors, funding parties and NHA co-authored the U.S. Markets and Policy Paper with 15 GW of the existing capacity was identified in high and
in-country procuring entities understand the legal bankability General Electric, the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory urgent need of modernisation, with estimates of over US$5
issues, legal systems and law relevant to the hydropower and PSH developers. The paper identifies the critical billion investment required in the electrical and mechanical
sector of the 11 countries featured. challenges, barriers and opportunities for accelerating hydropower equipment. With regard to Asia, more than
pumped storage development in the U.S. Among these, 6 GW was assessed as in high need of modernisation and
the co-authors raise several challenges including: a lack of representing around US$3 billion of investment potential. The
renumeration for various grid services, demonstrating the studies shed light on the global issue of ageing hydropower
value of PSH over other storage technologies, inequitable capacity, and the scale of effort that will be required to
policy treatment and revenue uncertainty as some of the rehabilitate and upgrade existing infrastructure. The
barriers to PSH development. The paper identifies eight studies also point out that modernisation projects present
specific recommendations for policy changes across multiple opportunities not only in extending the life of generating
Kashimbila Multipurpose Dam, Nigeria jurisdictions including Congress, wholesale markets and state assets, but also in adding capacity and optimising plants for
Credit: SCC Nigeria/Zutari level policies. their future role in a renewable energy mix.
16 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 17Sector developments Credit: Andritz
Water and climate
Landmark agreement between US hydropower and New World Bank risk management guidance
conservation groups The World Bank Group issued a new good practice note on
The United States’ hydropower industry joined forces dam safety. The guidance is accompanied by seven technical
with American Rivers, the World Wildlife Fund, and other notes that provide more detailed explanation and guidance
environmental and river organisations released a “Joint on hydrological risk, geotechnical risk, seismic risk, small
Statement of Collaboration on U.S. Hydropower: Climate dam safety, potential failure modes analysis, portfolio risk
Solution and Conservation Challenge” to advance the assessment, and tailings storage facilities. Since 2003, the
renewable energy and storage benefits of hydropower and the Bank has financed over US$50 billion worth of investments
environmental and economic benefits of healthy rivers. After that involve dams, including rehabilitation and upgrading of
a two-and-a-half year discussion, facilitated under Stanford existing dams, construction of new facilities, and financing for
University’s Uncommon Dialogue process, the parties have preparatory studies for proposed dams.
agreed to work together to address a range of challenges,
Resilience rating system developed by World Bank
including licensing and relicensing, dam safety, and valuing
hydropower’s grid services.
The World Bank has developed a Resilience Rating System Sustainability assessments
that provides guidance and specific criteria to assess
HydroSediNET launches to promote sustainable resilience. This system rates the confidence that expected
Projects achieve international good practice
sediment management investment outcomes will be achieved, based on whether
The Dibwangui hydropower project in Gabon was rated as
The HydroSediNET initiative launched as a global collaborative a project has considered climate and disaster risks in its
an example of international good practice in sustainability
platform to connect experts and innovators supporting the design, incorporated adaptation measures, and demonstrated
design and planning, following an independent assessment
planning, implementation and operation of effective and economic viability despite climate risks. In addition, it rates companies design and implement resettlement schemes
using the Hydropower Sustainability ESG Gap Analysis Tool. In
sustainable sediment management in storage reservoirs a project’s contribution to adaptive development pathways that respect the dignity and human rights of communities
addition, the Stortemelk hydropower project in South Africa
and run-of-river hydropower plants. Funded by the Austrian based on whether investments are targeted at increasing affected. Good practice requires a participatory process based
was recognised as an impressive example of sustainable small
Federal Ministry of Finance and administered by the World climate resilience in the broader community or sector. IHA’s on fairness and equity, with the aim of achieving a sustainable
hydropower development following its assessment using
Bank’s ESMAP Hydropower Development Facility, the initiative Hydropower Sector Climate Resilience Guide is highlighted as improvement in the lives of resettles. The How-to Guide
the tool. The Stortemelk project was the first to be assessed
will bring together organisations who publish research and a key reference document for achieving resilience. on Downstream Flow Regimes aims to equip practitioners
remotely using new remote assessment guidance. The
develop strategies for sediment management. The network is with adequate knowledge in river management to minimise
Research project to mitigate impacts on fish methodology, issued in response to Covid-19 travel and safety
downstream flow impacts while maximising project
supported by seven founding members including IHA.
Hydropower is part of the solution to protect the planet’s restrictions, allows assessors to use drones, videoconferencing,
benefits. The How-to Guide on Hydropower Biodiversity
IEA reports on climate impacts on Africa and Latin biosphere by tackling climate change. However hydropower live video inspection, satellite images, as well as online
and Invasive Species helps developers and operators better
American hydropower projects need to avoid, minimise, mitigate or compensate for interviews and surveys, to conduct project assessments.
manage biodiversity impacts of hydropower projects. It also
The IEA launched a series of publications on climate impacts their impacts on freshwater species. A new FIThydro research
New chair of the hydropower sustainability council addresses the assessment and planning for invasive species
with contributions from IHA. The reports recognise vast project has been launched focusing on developing science- management.
One of the world’s leading experts on sustainable
differences between regions and recommend systematic based cost-efficient environmental solutions and strategies to
development, Dr Ashok Khosla, became independent chair
assessments and resilience measures. Countries are urged mitigate adverse impacts on the fish population. Launch of new hydropower sustainability training
of the Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Council, which
to scale up the resilience of hydropower plants, mobilise academy
governs sustainability guidance for hydropower. Dr Ashok
investment in modernisation, foster climate risk insurance, and IHA launched a training academy for sustainable hydropower,
Khosla was an adviser to the Brundtland Commission, chair
support climate research to improve projection accuracy. building on its 25 years of experience in developing guidance
of the NGO Forum at the Rio Summit and President of the
on hydropower development, as well as its expertise in
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). One
delivering training and capacity building programmes.
of the council’s first priorities is to introduce a Hydropower
The Hydropower Sustainability Training Academy offers
Sustainability Standard, a certification system built on the
courses based on the internationally recognised Hydropower
Hydropower Sustainability Tools, which will be launched at the
Sustainability Tools in addition to the G-res tool, which was
World Hydropower Congress in September 2021.
developed to assess greenhouse gas emissions of reservoirs.
How-to guides released for hydropower practitioners Online trainings are provided as a blend of live and self-paced
Three new guides have been released by IHA for hydropower learning, and participants can take part in virtual classrooms
practitioners based on the Hydropower Sustainability Tools. where trainers deliver live stream lessons, lead group activities
The How-to Guide on Hydropower Resettlement helps and host interactive Q&A sessions.
18 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 19Sector developments
The new global
sustainability standard
for hydropower
The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Council is The Hydropower Sustainability Standard will recognise
developing a new global sustainability standard for leading projects, while giving all developers and operators
hydropower, with support from the International Hydropower the opportunity to strengthen their performance in line with
Association (IHA). international practices.
Under the proposal, hydropower projects around the The Hydropower Sustainability Standard will build on the
world will be independently certified and rated for their existing Hydropower Sustainability Tools, a set of guidelines and
environmental, social and governance (ESG) performance. assessment tools aligned with World Bank standards.
June 2020 November 2020 – March 2021 – July 2021 August 2021 September 2021 September 2021 –
February 2021 May 2021 Second public Finalised Global launch onwards
Established First public Drafting of consultation standard The launch of the Implementation
working group consultation design proposal A second public The Hydropower Hydropower Sustainability The design and
consultation will be Sustainability Assessment Standard will take place implementation of
The Hydropower IHA and the Council The working group
conducted through the Council will finalise the at the World Hydropower the standard will be
Sustainability Assessment launched a public considered public
Council members and the content and requirements Congress in September continuously reviewed
Council has established a consultation to gather consultation feedback and
wider public. for the Standard, as well 2021. and improved in line with
working group to develop comments from began developing a draft
hydropower stakeholders. design for the Standard. as its certification and international accreditation
the design of the global
Respondents were from a The working group is assurance processes, and labelling codes. Its use
Hydropower Sustainability
variety of sectors including expected to provide a assessment tools and will be promoted across
Standard. Participants
research and consultancy, recommendation to the guidance documents. renewable sectors.
include representatives
of Hydro-Québec, hydropower industry, Hydropower Sustainability
WWF International, the financial institutions, Assessment Council for
World Bank, Women for academia, government, approval.
Water Partnership, the NGO, and standards and
Government of Nepal and certifications bodies.
IHA. A compendium of all
material issues raised
in the consultation
process will be posted on
HydroSustainability.org.
20 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 21North and Central America overview
North and
Central
America
Overview
Key
199 MW and below
200 MW to 1,999 MW
Muskrat Falls hydropower project, Canada
Credit: Nalcor Energy 2,000 MW to 9,999 MW
The abundance of natural resources 10,000 MW to 19,999 MW
in North and Central America makes
the region highly suited for renewable 20,000 MW and above
energy production. A large portion of University entitled ‘Uncommon
the electricity market is supported by Dialogue’, various U.S. industry and
from Quebec to Massachusetts and
hydropower and has been for decades. civil society stakeholders have come
0.5 TWh to Maine over 20 years,
together to identify solutions to
Many countries throughout the region shrinking annual CO₂ emissions by three
decarbonise the country’s electricity
have adopted policies to increase the million metric tonnes.
system while at the same time seeking
share of renewables to transition to
to conserve the biodiversity and In Canada, hydropower continues
a low-carbon economy. Modernising
ecosystems of rivers. Three opportunities to provide around 60 per cent of
the existing hydropower fleet and
arise from this dialogue: rehabilitation the country’s total annual electricity
developing new projects to meet
of dams to increase safety and mitigate generation and represents more than
energy demands and ensure renewable
environmental impacts; retrofitting half of total generation capacity. In Ranking by total installed hydropower capacity
development is increasingly important.
powered projects and adding 2020, despite the on-site health and
Despite the reduction in demand due capacity in non-powered dams; and safety challenges presented by the Installed Installed
to the Covid-19 pandemic, hydropower decommissioning those dams that no Covid-19 pandemic, more than 4 GW of Rank Country/Territory capacity (MW)* Rank Country/Territory capacity (MW)*
remained vital for grid reliability and, longer provide significant benefits. projects continued to progress toward 1 United States 102,000 10 Nicaragua 157
in several countries, generation by completion. The Lower Churchill project
A recent transborder initiative between 2 Canada 82,000 11 Puerto Rico 100
hydropower even increased. Recovery synced its first unit to the Labrador
the U.S. and Canada highlights the 3 Mexico 12,612 12 Cuba 68
plans across the continent have had electricity grid in September 2020
importance of regional interconnections 4 Costa Rica 2,331 13 Haiti 60
a strong focus on the green energy with power from the three other units
in contributing to the transition to a low
transition, the reduction of fossil fuel later coming online; together they are 5 Panama 1,786 14 Belize 55
carbon economy. The Appalaches-Maine
imports, investment in transmission expected to reach 3,074 MW. 6 Guatemala 1,559 15 Jamaica 30
Interconnection Line, approved in 2020,
and distribution lines, digitalisation, and
will increase the mix of hydropower In April 2020 the Canadian government 7 Honduras 837 16 Guadeloupe 11
the strengthening of regional energy
in the total U.S. electricity share. To be proposed a budget of C$17.6 billion 8 Dominican Republic 616 17 Dominica 7
cooperation.
commissioned in 2023, the transmission (US$14 billion) for green recovery
9 El Salvador 575 18 Saint Vincent and The Grenadines 7
Under an initiative overseen by Stanford line will supply 9.45 TWh of hydropower programmes for fiscal year 2021/2022.
*including pumped storage
22 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 23The proposals suggest an investment cent compared to 2019.
North and Central America overview
of C$40.4 million (US$33.15 million)
Mexico’s hydropower fleet was
in hydropower development over the
identified as having a high potential
next three years, which could advance
for revitalisation in a joint study by the
several hydropower projects such as the
IDB and IHA conducted in 2020. The
North and Atlin Hydro expansion project in Yukon
and a feasibility study of the Kivalliq
nation has an ageing hydropower fleet,
with about 85 per cent of installed
Central
HydroFibre Link project in Nunavut.
capacity over 10 GW commissioned
Additionally, in December 2020 Canada
over 30 years ago. The government has
released a new climate policy which
America
developed plans to upgrade 18 existing
expressed continued commitment
hydropower plants to achieve 26 GW of
to reach 90 per cent non-emitting
hydropower capacity by 2030.
Developments electricity by 2030 and to achieve
net zero emissions electricity before The Mexican government is focused on
2050. The plan also presents multiple increasing hydropower capacity through
initiatives that boost demand for the rehabilitation and modernisation of
hydropower including new transmission the state-owned company CFE’s existing
capacity to supply regions phasing out assets as well as retrofitting the National
coal, and the electrification of transport, Water Commission’s non-powered
buildings and industry to achieve irrigation dams. There is an agreement
greenhouse gas emissions reductions. between CFE and the commission to
equip 15 irrigation dams for hydropower
Costa Rica almost reached its goal of
generation, creating 200 MW of installed
100 per cent renewable electricity
capacity, with plans to incorporate
production in 2020. It produced 99.78
10 additional dams. In addition, the
per cent of electricity generation
government wants to promote projects
from renewables, with hydropower
under 30 MW as per an agreement with
representing 72 per cent. Despite Romaine-4 hydropower plant under
China that includes a collaboration with
the Covid-19 pandemic resulting in a
the International Centre on Small Hydro Top 4 countries by construction in Québec, Canada
Credit: Hydro-Québec
drop in electricity demand by 2.8 per capacity added in 2020
Power to study basin water availability
cent compared to 2019, hydropower
and the feasibility of new projects.
generation increased by about 6 per
El Salvador remains heavily reliant
on fossil fuel imports, accounting for
almost a third of its total electricity 1 st 4 th
Canada
275 MW
renewables, hydropower however
still represents the largest share. The
government is developing a flagship
supply. Among the country’s mix of
hydropower project that will help in 2020 as it faced the fallout from several
Dominican
2nd
the decarbonisation of the country’s natural disasters. Uneven energy
Republic electricity system: the 65.7 MW El demand due to Covid-19 led to an
123 MW Chaparral (renamed 3 de Febrero) increase of fossil fuel generation. The
project is expected to begin operation country is however exploring options to
Generation by hydropower Total installed capacity* Capacity added in 2020 in 2021. revitalise hydropower facilities to meet
724 TWh 205 GW 531 MW
3rd Honduras
108 MW
In Honduras, the Inter-American
Development Bank approved a
a goal of 100 per cent renewable energy
generation by 2050.
*including pumped storage
US$18 million loan to support the Jamaica’s government announced plans
modernisation of the 300 MW Francisco to develop pumped storage hydropower
Pumped storage
Pumped storage
capacity added
4th United States
24 MW
Morazán hydropower plant, the largest
in the country. Also known as El Cajon,
that would help achieve 50 per cent
of renewable energy generation by
the plant became operational in 1986 2030, however this announcement
installed capacity in 2020
23 00
and its modernisation will boost its came before the pandemic hit budget
reliability and efficiency. allocations.
GW MW Puerto Rico faced an unstable year in
24 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 25South America overview
South
America Key
Overview 199 MW and below
200 MW to 1,999 MW
2,000 MW to 9,999 MW
10,000 MW to 19,999 MW
20,000 MW and above
Jurumirim, Brazil
Credit: Henrique Manreza
South America has seen significant CTG Brasil
demand for hydropower development in
recent years, making it one of the fastest
growing regions. In several countries
hydropower provides more than half of Ranking by total installed
renewable energy and accelerate the
total electricity supply and it is expected
transition to a low carbon economy.
hydropower capacity
to remain the region’s largest renewable
source for years to come. Brazil has suffered from chronic drought necessity to produce more expensive Installed
Rank Country/Territory capacity (MW)*
in recent years, which has caused the electricity from thermal power plants.
With many hydropower facilities 1 Brazil 109,271
lowest levels of precipitation in the The government is also authorising
decades-old, modernisation remains
wet season (from October to March) electricity imports from Uruguay and 2 Venezuela 15,393
a priority for plant operators and grid
since record lows in 1991. Moving Argentina. 3 Colombia 11,941
operators, as was highlighted in a
into the dry season in March 2021,
recent joint study by IHA and the Inter- The Itaipu Dam, on the Paraná River 4 Argentina 11,340
the government declared that Brazil is
American Development Bank (IDB). on the border between Brazil and 5 Paraguay 8,810
undergoing a major hydrological crisis.
Paraguay, continues setting records in 6 Chile 6,944
Due to the impact of the Covid-19 The consequences of this are significant
accumulated production and production
pandemic, South America saw a as the country relies on hydropower 7 Peru 5,396
efficiency. In 2020, the plant celebrated
decrease in energy demand in 2020. reservoirs to generate over 60 per cent 8 Ecuador 5,076
the milestone of 2.7 TWh of electricity
This led to a drop in greenhouse gas of electricity. Reservoirs are currently
produced since it began operations in 9 Uruguay 1,538
emissions and pollution, however this operating at extremely low capacity due
1984. Itaipu is the only plant in the 10 Bolivia 735
impact was expected to be temporary to decreased in-flow at similar levels
world with accumulated production
as countries remain heavily reliant on last seen during a severe drought in 11 Suriname 190
above 2 TWh.
fossil fuels. Covid-19 recovery plans 2015. Energy supply is at stake and the 12 French Guiana 119
were developed in response in order to regulator is warning that the electricity Brazil is becoming a leader in 13 Guyana 3
decarbonise economic sectors, increase tariff may increase in 2021 given the hybrid energy projects with recent
*including pumped storage
26 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 27development of a solar floating vital to reduce Colombia’s reliance on São Salvador hydropower project, Brazil
South America developments
Credit: ENGIE Brazil
photovoltaic plant on the Furnas-owned fossil fuels.
52 MW Batalha hydropower project
Small-scale hydropower developments
reservoir. Tractebel has been awarded
have strategic advantages due to
the contract to build the 15-hectares
Colombia’s geography. The 19.9 MW
floating plant of 30 MW installed
South capacity.
San Andrés de Cuerquia became
operational in September 2020.
America
Colombia has moved forward with The Minister of Mining and Energy
plans to rapidly increase the share of announced proposals for three more
wind and solar in its energy mix, where small-scale hydropower projects: Retiro
Developments hydropower currently accounts for about
70 per cent of electricity production. By
I, Retiro II, and Chorreritas (each nearly
20 MW). In addition, the country’s
diversifying, the government seeks to Ituango hydropower project received
strengthen the resilience of the system an additional US$100 million from its
while maintaining one of the cleanest insurer after a serious construction
electricity systems in the world. incident in 2018; studies are ongoing to
determine the causes and meanwhile
Colombia’s government published a
the IDB has approved an extra US$900
2050 roadmap in the Energy National
million in financing.
Plan with a two-fold challenge: increase
access to energy and tackle climate In Peru, a US$438 million contract for the
change by reducing greenhouse gas construction of the 187 MW San Gabán
emissions. The target is to diversify the III in Puno was given the go ahead. Peru’s
energy matrix by substantially increasing renewable energy portfolio continues to
energy supply from natural gas and expand, with over 2,000 MW in additions
from renewable energy sources such planned. Most of these are hydropower
as wind and solar, to surpass fossil- schemes, including the 84 MW La Virgen
fuels generation. In the short-term, project to be commissioned in 2021, as Top 5 countries by
wind and solar installed capacity is well as Tulumayo IV (56.2 MW), Tulumayo capacity added in 2020
expected to grow to 2,500 MW in 2022. V (83.2 MW), Anto Ruiz III (102.1 MW)
Decarbonisation of transportation is also and Anto Ruiz IV (103.8 MW) expected to
start after 2022. Other projects include
Lluclla (288 MW) and Tarucani (49 MW)
in Arequipa, and Huallaga I (392 MW) in 1st Brazil
213 MW
Ecuador aims to attract private
investment to construct and operate
Huánuco. The investment cost of these hydropower projects to achieve its
ventures totals more than US$2,200 Electricity Master Plan by 2027. The
million.
2nd Chile
205 MW
country is seeking US$5,300 million for
the 2,400 MW Santiago project currently
in the feasibility study stage and for
the 596 MW Cardenillo and the 487
since outages allegedly caused by cyber-
3rd
Generation by hydropower Total installed capacity* Capacity added in 2020 MW Sopladora project in the bidding
Argentina
690 177
attacks in 2019.
process.
476 MW
30 MW Among the growing interconnections
TWh GW Bolivia resumed construction on the
across the South America, the long-
290 MW Ivirizu hydropower project in
*including pumped storage distance high-voltage interconnections
Pumped storage
4th Colombia
24 MW
Cochabamba and the 204 MW Miguillas
hydropower project in La Paz, with a
total combined investment of nearly
between Ecuador and Peru have now
resumed development after being
Pumped storage capacity added stalled due to the Covid-19 crisis. In
US$1,000 million.
installed capacity in 2020 addition, Itaipu Binational has offered
1 0 5th Peru Venezuela continues with the to help develop binational projects
2.35 MW rehabilitation of the electromechanical between Bolivia and Brazil with an
GW MW equipment units that were out of service estimated capacity of up to 6,000 MW.
28 | International Hydropower Association | Hydropower Status Report 2021 | 29You can also read
