Healthy Homes: Smart Ventilation Options for Building Professionals
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Healthy Homes: Smart Ventilation Options for Building Professionals
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Healthy Homes: Smart Ventilation
Options for Building Professionals
John Proctor, P.E.
Fairfax, CA 94930
415-717-1700
JohnProctor@alum.mit.edu
Copyright 2021 John Proctor, P.E.This Webinar
• As homes are built and retrofitted to be more energy-efficient and airtight, it is
important to ensure proper ventilation. Without proper ventilation, the house will
seal in harmful pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, and moisture that can
damage a house.
• To produce both healthy safe and energy efficient
homes we need to pay attention to ventilation
• Ventilation has been the secret stepsister of Heating
and Cooling until Covid 19.
• We will cover why mechanical ventilation is needed
and how to achieve it.
• We will cover Minimum, Good, and Best Options for
Ventilation.
Ask questions in Chat as we go through –
We will answer them as time allowsWhy Ventilate Homes • To reduce the level of pollutants by dilution and removal: – Formaldehyde – Particles (PM 2.5, etc.) – NO2 – Other Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) – Viral Load • These cause Health Effects: – Cancer – Asthma – Heart Disease – Respiratory Disease
Where Do These Come From?
• People
• Cooking
• Building Materials
• Paint
• Furniture
• Carpet
• Pollutants are particularly strong in new
construction, but they never disappear.Time in Indoor Air before Covid 19
What is a PM2.5?
Best Ventilation
Vermont PDF Data at: https://tinyurl.com/ya59bu5r
• Heat Recovery Ventilator
• Balanced
• Distributed
• Required Ventilation
takes advantage of
estimated infiltration
Filter on incoming outside air
Supply and Exhaust CFM as well
as Balance within 20% measured
& verified by Rater
Source: Zehnderamerica.comGood Ventilation – the package • Balanced (known in = known out) • Distributed Whole House • Continuous (always on) • Well Labeled Controls • Quiet Low Wattage Range Hood with High Capture Efficiency and Less Restrictive Ductwork • Low Wattage Bath Fans • Whole House Fan • 4” MERV 13 Filter
Balanced Ventilation
(with or without an HRV)
Filter on incoming
outside air
Supply and
Exhaust CFM as
well as Balance
within 20%
measured &
verified by Rater
Source: Building Science CorporationBalanced Distributed Continuous Ventilation
Source: Building Science CorporationWhen do we not want Ventilation?
Source: Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryQuiet Low Wattage Range Hood with High
Capture Efficiency and Less Restrictive Ductwork
Model Verified
by Rater
Source: https://www.hvi.org/hvi-certified-products-directory/section-i-
complete-product-listing/Low Wattage Bath Fans
CFM Measured &
Verified by Rater
Source: https://www.hvi.org/hvi-certified-products-directory/section-i-
complete-product-listing/Whole House Fan
Requires 1 square foot of free attic venting per each 750 CFM.
TO AVOID EXCESS ATTIC VENTING
VENT WHOLE HOUSE FAN TO OUTSIDE
Source: https://www.pickhvac.comWhole House Fan CFM and Watts Measured & Verified by Rater Source: https://cacertappliances.energy.ca.gov/Pages/Search/AdvancedSearch.aspx
4” MERV 13 Filter • A 1” pleated filter ruins the efficiency of your air conditioner or heat pump • Build the filter box for a 4” pleated filter
Title 24 Filters and Returns
• Install a 2” MERV 13 Filter
• Label return grille with design CFM and a
maximum clean-filter pressure drop of 25 Pa
(0.1 inches water)
• Air filter to match with CFM and pressure drop for
the return grille label
Title 24 Single Return
Rated Tons Duct Min. Dia. Min. Grille Area
1.5 16 Inches 500 Sq. Inches
2.0 18 Inches 600 Sq. Inches
2.5 20 Incles 800 Sq. InchesTitle 24 Double Return
Nominal Tons Return Duct 1 Return Duct 2 Min. Total Grille
Min. Diameter Min.Diameter Nominal Area
1.5 12 inches 10 inches 500 Sq. inches
2.0 14 inches 12 inches 600 Sq. inches
2.5 14 inches 14 inches 800 Sq. Inches
3.0 16 Inches 14 Inches 900 Sq. Inches
3.5 16 inches 16 inches 1000 Sq. Inches
4.0 18 Inches 18 Inches 1200 Sq. InchesMinimum CA Ventilation • Not Distributed • Exhaust Only • Supply Only One or more fans supplying air to inside. Filter on supply only air CFM measured & verified by Rater
Minimum CA Ventilation • Exhaust Only or Supply Only • To meet CFM Requirements see Title 24 Continuous Bath Exhaust Slide Total CFM = 0.03*SqFt floor + 7.5*(Bedrooms + 1) All systems require properly labeled Manual Control and Occupant Instructions
Total Required Ventilation
Total CFM = 0.03*SqFt floor +
7.5*(Bedrooms + 1)
Balanced systems
require less fan flow to
meet totalVentilation Calculation
(taking advantage of infiltration)
Total CFM = 0.03*SqFt floor +
7.5*(Bedrooms + 1)
This Calculation is Defaulted for Single Family
– Q50 = House Volume × 2ACH50 / 60 min
– Qinf = 0.052 × Q50 × wsf × [Height/8.2ft.]0.4
• wsf = weather & shielding from Table 150.0-D
Balanced:
– Qfan = Qtot – (Qinf × 1 for Single Family)
Unbalanced:
– Qfan = Qtot – Qinf% x (Qinf × 1 for Single Family)
• Qinf% = Qinf / QtotCentral Fan Integrated Ventilation Systems
Filter on intake air
Filter on recirculation air
Total CFM & Fan efficacy
measured & verified by
Rater
Ventilation CFM measured
and verified
Source: Building Science CorporationCentral Fan Integrated Ventilation Systems • Intermittent use only (different fan flow calculation) • Continuous Operation not T24 Permissible • Relatively inefficient (uses high fan flow and watt draw) • Fan Efficacy (Maximum Watt Draw) – 0.45 W/total CFM for gas furnace units – 0.58 W/total CFM for other air-handling units
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