GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN BERLIN - FUTURE CITIES STUDIO SPRING 2014 URBAN ECOLOGY ON THE SPREE RIVER
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE+DESIGN BERLIN FUTURE CITIES STUDIO SPRING 2014 URBAN ECOLOGY ON THE SPREE RIVER
CONTENT
CIEE Global Architecture and Design INTRODUCTION 3
Future Cities Studio Berlin
Spring Semester 2014
Part I: ANALYSIS 6
Global AD Program Director: Maria Aiolova
Berlin Design Studio Instructor: Lukas Kronawitter Part II: OUR VISION 14
Berlin Workshop Instructor: Dr. Matthias Ballestrem
Berlin Seminar Instructor: Dr. Michael Lafond
Part III: SITE DESIGN 16
CIEE Berlin Student Team: Lauren Andrus, Omer Cohen, Nina Comiskey, Alison Evershed, Hlee
Heur, Carly Lisnow, Anthony Polidoro, Andrew Shea, Dan Sztanga
Part IV: PROPOSALS 22
Special thanks to: Benjamin Lorch CIEE Berlin, James Robb ID22, Max Doelling T.U. Berlin,
Alex Huekler T.U. Berlin, Bastian Behrmann CIEE Berlin, Maren Specht CIEE Berlin, Andreas Urban Growing Tower 24
Ludwig Zentum für Zeithistorische Forschung Potsdam, Ralph Steeg Luritec, Max Schwital-
la Studio Schwitalla, Marco Clausen Prinzessinnen Garten, Tobias Wallisser LAVA, Christian Das Bootshaus 28
Tschersich LAVA, Leonie Woidt-Wallisser City Plot, Dirk Mueller ID Labs, Jakob Tigges Mila,
Raoul Bunschotten CHORA.
Urban Islands 32
INTRODUCTION
FUTURE CITY BERLIN
We are a team of nine architecture and design students given the task of creating a more sustainable
future city. Our project foresees a future where energy and resource shortages give rise to buildings that
are more adaptable, reusable and long lasting. With the help of a faculty of leading experts and innova-
tors, we propose a design project that can influence the FUTURE of the CITY.
Fast forward 100 years: imagine a place that responds to the unpredictable climatic and social forces,
creating a building typology that breathes, adapts, grows, ages, and lives with us.
Berlin, a city with a tumultuous past, becomes the birthplace of our FUTURE CITY. Berlin is a center for
creativity and innovation – a place that promotes the involvement of the people to make a more vibrant
and diverse community.
Our site, a formal industrial area along the River Spree, is part of the fractured urban landscape of Ber-
lin. Like many of the surrounding areas, the site contains pieces of the past. Vacant lots are littered with
garbage from the informal settlement along the banks of the river. Rehabilitated factories abut squatted
land. Graffiti embeds itself to the concrete walls of office buildings.
Using these pieces from the past, we propose a typology that uses the city’s history to determine a more
sustainable future. Our aim is to take the themes and analysis developed for our site and plugging them
into cities around the globe. Systems of electronic boat sharing, wastewater filtration, vertical farming,
urban farming, and useable landscape can and should be part of the FUTURE of ALL CITIES.
5
Part I: ANALYSIS
Berlin’s buitl densities through the years of 1945, 1953, 1989, 2010
PLANET, BERLIN, RIVER SPREE
[Planet] The world we live in today has been faced with many challenges over the period of its existence and con- [Berlin] has seen a long and turbulent history since its inception as such in 1871. As an industrial city, it saw a great
tinues to be mistreated by its inhabitants. Resources are growing thin and cannot be expected to support our constant growth not only in population, but in breadth. Starting from two small sister towns hugging the river Spree, it grew to
population encompass many neighborhoods and a population of 4 million. The 20th century was a particularly challenging time
increase. Our fossil-fuel powered lifestyles has severe consequences for all life on Earth. In the last 30 years a third of the as the city faced one hardship after another. First, a world war followed by a fascist regime, then a second world war
natural world has been destroyed. 2.6 billion people today suffer from a shortage of clean drinking water and sanitation. followed by a great rift in the form of the Berlin Wall. This wall divided the city into capitalist west and communist east,
Great fresh water resources are declining rapidly. Wetlands and their occupants are decreasing at a prompt rate. The separating families, friends, and workers from workplaces. Many areas adjacent to the wall became disregarded and fell
increase in natural disasters and their intensity, which has doubled in the past two decades, leaves a larger amount of the to complete abandonment as two new city centers were developed. This can still be seen today, as pockets of Berlin are
world’s population at extreme risk. still undeveloped, but some are being used in creative ways.
The modern city could be described as ‘Petropolis’ with its key functions: production, consumption and transport. The- During this turbulent history, Berlin developed a culture of resistance to change but at the same time a desire for change,
ses are powered by substantial amounts of petroleum and other fossil fuels, which llike all things are slowing diminishing. therefore leading people to be very vocal. Berlin has an established network of squatters, community gardeners, wohnge-
Petropolis’ also release large amounts of solid, liquid and gaseous wastes that endanger our lives and the lives of the meinschaften or living communities, and people who just have something to say. As a result, Berlin has a high number
surrounding ecologies. The challenge today is to not only create a sustainable way of living but also a regenerative way. of people who choose to live in cooperative housing, as it allows them a way to have a direct effect on their home and
Cities need to switch to renewable energy and to actively help restore broken ecosystems, to find a way to constantly surroundings. An example of people voicing their opinions could be seen in the Mediaspree Versenken initiative, counter-
help renew natural systems from which we draw resources. We need to create Regenerative Cities. ing the change that Mediaspree was trying to bring about. It was an effort was made to develop the riverfront in Fried-
richshain/Kreuzberg with big names a multimillion Euro investments. Some of it succeeded, for instance O2, MTV, and
Universal Studios all claimed stakes. But before the entire riverfront was developed, people acted against it and made
“Creating regenerative cities thus primarily means one thing: Initiating comprehensive political, financial and technologi- demands that the riverfront be accessible to the public with no new developments within 50m of the river bank. This
cal strategies for an environmentally enhancing, restorative relationship between cities and the ecosystems from which was a very extreme position, as Berlin needed space for it’s growing population. It did not pass, but it did stop much of
they draw resources for their sustenance.” – Regenerative Cities, Herbert Girardet and Miguel Mendonca the privatization of the riverfront, leaving room for more collaborative groups to take part in developing the city of Berlin.
6 7
Average Temperature in C Average Percipication in cm
[River Spree] The site. Located on the Spree river id22, a non-profit initiative has begun to develop a housing
project titled Spreeacker. It is a cooperative housing project which hopes to bring the need for housing and the want for
public accessibility to a happy medium. Rather than building right up to the riverfront, the buildings are set back from the
water with ample space left between each of the three buildings. This, along with ground floors that a flexibly program-
mable allow for a ground plane which is open to the public. This groundbreaking development, along with a new Holz-
markt across the river set up the basis for a new, more sustainable, and accessible riverfront landscape along the Spree.
Using these projects as precedents, their grounding principles could be expanded and used to formulate new riverfront 20
Difference between Solar Time and Local Mean Time
typologies which could then be replicated, with small changes, along the riverfront, not only in Berlin, but world wide. Environmental Analysis 15
This river front site was once an industrial district, dealing mainly with textiles. Two relics of the industrial revolution still 10
Equation of Time [mins]
stand, one being a former night club and the other an old ice factory that until recently housed upwards of 500 squatters.
5
0
Even though all of the industry has moved to the outskirts of the city or further, the area is still zoned as such. Many of the -5
buildings stand abandoned and in disrepair, but there has also been other new development. The Deutsches Architektur -10
Zentrum, for one, has taken a building, renovated it and uses it to host workshop, discussions, and exhibitions as well
-15
-20
www.jaloxa.eu
as offices.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
Month
Besides a few exceptions, much of the surrounding neighborhood is typical Berlin urban fabric. This typology is com-
prised of houses 5 stories tall, around 22 meters, with a rear courtyard. Uses normally include residential with some small Berlin is situated high in the north hemisphere with a wide sun arc but low sun angles. It is considered to be in an oceanic
offices and shops dispersed throughout. Many of the features that support a 24 hour life cycle are missing. For cultural temperate climate zone. The prevailing winds in all seasons come from the west and north west, averaging between 3
institutions, cafes, and restaurants, one must head further into the center of Berlin, or further south away from the site. and 6 meters per second. Temperatures average around 20 Celcisus during the summer, and 3 during the winter.
8 9
182mil
146km
km
il
0m
330
36
620k m
0k
m 30
GOVERNM L CO 381mil
ENT RA RP
DISTRICT LTU T OR RE
CU TRIC AT
DIS
E SID
EN
TIA
1712km il
L 16
7m
50
HUMBOLDT
8m
UNIVERSITY
il
FO
RM
ER
IN Total Length of Transportation Networks Total Passenger Volume per Year
RE DU ME
SID ST DIA
EN RIA
2000 m
TIA SPR
710bikes
L EE
L
100lines
320cars
790m
480 m
460 m
30lines
22lines
RE
SID
EN
TIA
L
Bus Lines_Former East vs West Berlin Tram Lines_Former East vs West Berlin Average Distance Between Stations Cars vs. Bikes Per 1000 People
Public Trans
Possible transfers betw
Public Transport
S-Bahn
U-Bahn
Networks
S-Bahn
Bus U-Bahn
Bus
80,000
Tram
Bike
70,000
8 Bike
Car
0,
Car
0
60,000
5
Spree
50,000
0
0 6,
40,000
4
0
30,000
2,
0
0
0
20,000
10,000
0
100 SQUARE METERS ECOLOGY
0
HARDSCAPE SOFTSCAPE SPREEFELD
AREA: Square Meters
Public transportation is very heavily used in Berlin. The network is very dense, with an annual ridership of 1.5 billion rid-
After years of being mostly industry free, the Spree is relatively clean. The main hindrances to its water quality are the ers per year. Berlin also features an extensive bike lane network or around 620 kilometers. Bike ownership is actually
Sprees slow flow and Berlin's sewer system. The Spree is almost artificial, as most of the water is pumped out of mines twice that of cars at 706 bicycles per 1000 people. As far as transportation on the Spree itself, it is non existent but for
to the south east. It flows slow slowly that it can take 2 weeks to pass Berlin, and it can even sometimes flow up stream. tourist boats. The only ferries run far north west or fr south east, leaving the center of Berlin heavily unconnected at the
Berlin's sewer system is dated. It is a combined sewage-overflow system, which in the event of a heavy rain exhausts riverfront. An interesting observation was though, that many major rail stations were connected to the Spree via canals,
rainwater and black sewage water into the Spree. but the Ostbahnhof, a major transportation hub near the site was left disconnected (see next page).
10 11
WESTHAFEN
KRAFTWERK
HAUPBAHNHOF
KLÄRWERK
BETRIEBSBAHNHOF
OSTBAHNHOF
12 Berlin water systems showing linkages to train transportation networks 13
Part II: OUR VISION
WATER, CUTLTURE, COMMUNITY
ACCESSIBILITY
+
As the dynamic of humanity changes from an agrarian world to an urban one the way we live must also shift. The way
we live in cities and how we relate to each other in these cities needs to change in order for the future city to be a healthy
and sustainable place for people to live. There is no single answer to what a city should be, however, in this project we
WATER QUALITY
attempt to envision a future urban condition on the waterfront. Any speculative design has to respond to both existing
factors as well as envisioned future ones. To us, a sustainable city needs to consider the environment as well as the
+
social and physical needs of urban dwellers. The way we live together needs to be developed. Berlin’s participatory and
bottom up development precedents offer a way of figuring out how to do this successfully.
In responding to factors we identified in analysis, we learned that the culture of Berlin along with our vision for its future
involve key themes we believed to be critical to our site’s future. These three themes are one, a free and accessible wa-
terfront to the River Spree, second, water equality and ecology, and finally, a river used for transportation of people and
goods.
First, the people of Berlin demand a free and accessible waterfront. This includes not only physical accessibility, but also
TRANSPORTATION
a waterfront culture that is inclusive creating a culturally and of a culturally and economically diverse population.
Our second theme is water quality and ecology. Our vision is to improve the health of the polluted River Spree. We also
propose the collection, filtration and storage of rain and wastewater.
Third, we identified the water network in and around Berlin to be underused. We believe that the River can be used as an
infrastructural and recreational resource for transportation of people and goods.
We imagine a Spree that is full of life. People are able to enjoy the river at all levels – on the water, in the water and beside
the water. We speculate that this can become a new prototype for urban living on the water.
14 15
Part III: SITE DESIGN
Concept Planning: Accessibility + Water Quality + Transportation
ACCESSIBILITY
cultural accessibility
mixed use
physical accessibility
water use
In order to ensure accessibility, a waterfront path network that includes space for bikes and pedestrians will connect
the street front with the riverfront. The typical Berlin block typology with private courtyards transforms to give way to a
distributed network of pathways that encourage access and exploration.
Programming of the waterfront will include a diverse mix of residential, commercial and cultural spaces, all with an open,
public ground level. This will attract residents from surrounding neighborhoods as well as ensuring a 24-hour life cycle.
In our individual projects we will explore building and path morphologies that encourage access.
16 17
WATER QUALITY TRANSPORTATION
combined sewer overflow water based mass transit
water storage and reuse personal boating
water filtration goods and service transport
land based transport
permaculture
connections
One of the main contributors to poor water quality is Berlin’s combined sewer system. We propose a system of inter-
changeable, floating infrastructure elements that will hold and filter overflows. These elements also provide a platform for
cultural and boating uses. The land side dock structure is designed to accommodate different dock typologies. These
include overflow storage, service docks and personal boat docks.
Berlin has a history of industry using the waterways as a means of low energy cost transport of goods. As energy short-
ages and increased urban densities put pressure onto existing infrastructure, the waterways of Berlin will offer a new way
In certain areas, a system of wetlands will hold and filter surface runoff. In other areas the water is stored and cleaned
of transporting and connecting the city’s inhabitants. By utilizing the historic canal typology, we propose to connect the
for use in buildings and agriculture located on the site. Replacing hardscape with an urban growing landscape will help
major transportation hub of the Ostbahnhof to a larger water based mass transit network.
slow and clean surface runoff, allowing for a more natural water cycle.
18 19Part IV: PROPOSALS
URBAN GROWING TOWER, DAS BOOTHAUS, URBAN ISLANDS
the
Student Teams: URBAN ISLAND
Urban Growing Tower:
Alison Evershed, Anthony Polidoro, Andrew Shea
Das Boothaus:
Lauren Andrus, Nina Comiskey, Carly Lisnow
Urban Islands:
Dan Sztanga, Hlee Heur, Omer Cohen das
BOOTSHAUS
the URBAN
Through analysis and diagrams, our process evovled to highlight the needs of our site. Once we realized these
major needs, we applied a set of rules to aid us in our designs. In the end, this allowed us to have one large project GROWING TOWER
that contained smaller, more developed designs. All our designs worked together to activate a new bank along
the River Spree. These developed systems allow the river to work more consistently with the problem of waste
overflow.
22 23Part IV: URBAN GROWING TOWER
GROWING, CULTIVATING, LEARNING, COMMUNITY
growing...living...community waste...filtration...use
New Urbanism involves many ecological and social alterations to the way we think and design. Among these is
the need to bring farming to the city. Through urban gardening, the city gains a sense of agricultural resiliency. We
propose a new URBAN GROWING TOWER that creates a place to grow, produce, educate and feed. Our indoor
vertical and outdoor community garden foster growth for both the plants and the community.
Sited on the only existing open access to the larger plan, the Tower’s location creates a direct connection to the
River Spree. Along with this connection, the Tower has its main growing façade facing south, allowing for optimal
daylight for the farm. Its height responds to the surrounding infrastructure, allowing it to rise above the shadows
and into the light.
It is close to the river to maximize distribution to the surrounding areas via barge.
As you approach the Tower, the outdoor gardens invite you to take a peek at what your local community is grow-
ing. Asparagus? Fennel? Potatoes? Tomatoes? Enticing your appetite, you purchase these at the markets to the
left and right of the outdoor gardens.
The Tower, ahead, is a place of life, constantly buzzing with people working in the vertical farms, researching in-
novative technologies to further the progress of their farms, gathering to listen to lectures on the latest advance-
ments in vertical farming, gardening in their little pockets of the growing tower, living and teaching their neighbors
and children about their involvement in their urban growing community.
Our URBAN GROWING CENTER is a shining beacon of resiliency for our site. It is a robust structure that can be
shaped and manipulated to fit into any location throughout the globe. More importantly, it is the community that
is created through these different spaces inside and outside the Tower that are the Future of the city.
24 2526 27
Part IV: DAS BOOTSHAUS
M
PLU DOICR
DO G CKO
CK IN S
S
DAS BOOTSHAUS, MICRO DOCKS, PLUG-IN DOCKS
B
HO
AUOTS
S
In the center of our site, a dynamic boathouse creates a hub of activity on the Kreuzberg side of the Spree, offer-
ing a logical landing place for boat traffic. Located on an axis that connects the main street to the waterfront and
across the river, this area will become a community hub for our new urban village. We are developing a robust
ow
rfl
typology that structurally responds to climatic forces, allowing optimization of daylighting, solar gain, while also
ing
ve
m
ro
ilty
connecting to its surroundings. By using a series of ribs, we propose a typology that can be replicated and easily
ram
we
ion
sib
g
e
ing
rin
rag
ce
og
adapted to other sites and uses along the rivers edge.
se
es
rat
ck
ha
se
pa
pr
cc
sto
ed
filt
do
cu
es
cs
ca
ral
bin
ter
ter
bli
bli
at
bli
at
ltu
m
bo
pu
wa
pu
wa
bo
pu
cu
The form morphs as it runs along the waterfront, allowing for a variety of land- and water-side uses. By creating
co
a new type of urban bulk head, the form allows for wetlands, swimming areas and filtration to happen on the land BOOTS
side protected from the high-traffic of the Spree. On the water-side, spaces are created for e-boat docking, CSO
pod docking, and river filtration all while supporting pathways, exterior public space and dynammically program-
HAUS
mable shelters.
MICRO
Parametric tools can used to enable a new level of collaboration between designers and the community. Design-
DOCKS
ers can set up a system of rules that create a robust form in response to given inputs. By allowing stakeholders the
opportunity to set and modify these parameters that drive the form, a community can shape their surroundings PLUG IN
and create a situationally unique morphology. DOCKS
28 2930 31
Part IV: URBAN ISLANDS
USABLE LANDSCAPE, FILTRATION, INTERACTION
Primary Pathway Water Flow
Natural Urban
We propose a new riverfront typology by changing Berlin’s typical 5-story building scape with private inner court-
yards into a more permeable and public landscape. Here, buildings become islands and the land protrudes into
the River Spree.
The Islands respond to the old urban fabric by being taller with more severe topography, gradually becoming
smoother, eventually terminating at the beach. This beach creates a space where people can swim in the, now
clean, Spree.
Our new typology has areas of wetlands. Each sunken area between the Islands is planted with reeds and other
plants that help filter the River.
The Islands themselves are composed of a rolling green roof, acting as a canopy and an occupied green land-
scape. Underneath the rolling landscape is interior space formed by flowing vaults, made possible by the use
of infra-lightweight concrete, creating a unique cavernous experience at the waters edge. The space is un-pro-
grammed, a testament to Berlin’s belief: frei raum (free room for unplanned use), building off of many bottom-up
development projects like Holzmarkt.
The green roof itself is planted with grass, trees, and shrubs – all essential parts of an urban green scape. People
inhabit the space in any and all ways. Playing, reading, gathering, growing, both the above green space and the
below gathering areas are a framework filled with life.
32 3334 35
36 37
CIEE Global Architecture and Design
Future Cities Studio Berlin
Spring Semester 2014
Global AD Program Director: Maria Aiolova
Berlin Design Studio Instructor: Lukas Kronawitter
Berlin Workshop Instructor: Dr. Matthias Ballestrem
Berlin Seminar Instructor: Dr. Michael Lafond
CIEE Berlin Student Team: Lauren Andrus, Omer Cohen, Nina Comiskey, Alison Evershed, Hlee Heur, Carly Lis-
now, Anthony Polidoro, Andrew Shea, Dan Sztanga
Special thanks to: Benjamin Lorch CIEE Berlin, James Robb ID22, Max Doelling T.U. Berlin, Alex Huekler T.U.
Berlin, Bastian Behrmann CIEE Berlin, Maren Specht CIEE Berlin, Andreas Ludwig Zentum für Zeithistorische
Forschung Potsdam, Ralph Steeg Luritec, Max Schwitalla Studio Schwitalla, Marco Clausen Prinzessinnen Gar-
ten, Tobias Wallisser LAVA, Christian Tschersich LAVA, Leonie Woidt-Wallisser City Plot, Dirk Mueller ID Labs,
Jakob Tigges Mila, Raoul Bunschotten CHORA.
The Council on International Education Exchange
Nonprofit, NGO world leader in international education exchangeYou can also read
