FLICKING THE SWITCH Research and insights to help Sydney's CBD turn the lights on a new era
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FLICKING THE SWITCH Research and insights to help Sydney’s CBD turn the lights on a new era
FOREWORD
When I became the inaugural New South Wales 24-Hour We already have good foundations to build on. The CBD
Economy Commissioner, the Sydney CBD had already already boasts experiences from street hawker food off
faced a year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of Broadway, to a bar in The Rocks rated as one of the top 50
lockdowns and a significant shift to working from home in the world. And that’s before we get to the most iconic
has been well documented elsewhere. Many businesses opera house in the world.
in the CBD have had a chastening experience, from the
office tower café that served coffees to early morning The CBD is also a place where everyone can find a sense
office workers, to the small bar that gave them a of belonging. It is easy to move around, there are places
deserved drink at the end of the day. to enjoy for everyone from ages eight to 80. Our history,
cultures and stories are embedded into the streets,
The images of deserted main streets like George and Pitt buildings and places within the CBD. Our story to the world
have been hard to absorb. That’s why one of my first acts is represented through our iconic CBD vistas and scenes –
as Commissioner was to ask EY to develop ideas on how from New Year’s Eve on Sydney Harbour, our iconic skyline
the CBD can recover, using entertainment, hospitality, to Mardi Gras beginning on Oxford Street. No city in the
arts and culture as a major driver. My instructions to the world comes together to celebrate like Sydney. Even when
team were minimal: engage widely with people involved things are tough – we don our glitter and put on a show.
with the CBD and be bold and imaginative in your
recommendations. The team has excelled on both counts. I am hugely optimistic about the future of the CBD. It
has been an attritional and often brutal two years for its
This is an independent report and not all policy businesses and residents, and recovery will take time.
recommendations are, or will be, state government However, this report sets out a path to begin to rebuild the
policy. However, it is right that we debate the merits of heart of our city. It’s time to flick the lights back on.
the ideas proposed in this report. The Sydney CBD is too
important to Sydney’s economy, brand and collective
identity to not have a plan to reactivate it.
Why focus on the CBD’s social and cultural offer?
Because the process of recovery requires us to recognise
that things have changed and to acknowledge those
areas that have been hardest hit. Working patterns are
likely to remain different to before the pandemic (as they
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have in almost all major cities around the world), so we Michael Rodrigues
need to find new ways of attracting visitors to the CBD for 24-Hour Economy Commissioner
non-work purposes. April 2022
02 03
Sydney’s central business district has been a meeting This indicates new trends in how people are accessing
place for the people of the Eora Nation for at least the CBD. During the pandemic, traffic counters located
30,000 years. The site of the first British penal colony, on a CBD ‘gateway’ cycleway (George St, Redfern and
Australia’s first parliament and many of its oldest and Liverpool St, CBD) show an increase of cycling during
tallest buildings, Sydney’s CBD holds a special place in lockdown related to trips taken for commuting, delivery
the heart of the nation. and recreation.4
A centre of culture and commerce, Sydney’s CBD is home More than $140 billion in gross domestic product was
to some of Australia’s largest companies and is Asia-Pacific generated in Sydney’s CBD in 2018-2019, and one small
headquarters to many multinationals. 2.8 square kilometre area was responsible for 9.4% of
Australia’s GDP growth.5
Sydney’s CBD was an economic engine room prior to the
pandemic and 14.5% of the city’s workforce headed into Looking back to 2016, the Tech Startup Action Plan
the CBD each day.1 The residential population of 248,736 (2016) cited that $100 billion was generated each year
swelled to around half a million people daily.2 within the City of Sydney local area, representing more
than 7% of Australia’s economy and providing more than
In February 2020, data collection sites monitoring
437,000 jobs across all skill levels and communities.6
walking activity registered 96,000 weekly movements at
Bridge Street in the CBD. At the same time in February
2021 there was a reduction by 46% to 51,200, and a
further reduction of 35% to a weekly average of 35,000
movements in February 2022.3 We know for a fact there
are just less people walking CBD streets.
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04 1. Terrill et all, Grattan Institute, 2018, p.14 05
2. The city at a glance, City of Sydney, 2020
3. City of Sydney automated pedestrian count data
4. Transport for NSW Active Transport: Cycling data
5. SGS Economics & Planning, 2019, p.14
6. Tech Startup Action Plan, City of Sydney, 2016, p.14
In 2019 City of Sydney Economic Future study by Arup The pandemic has now reshaped how people live, where “Sydney’s CBD – Australia’s oldest Investors are continuing to invest in office space. In the
ranked Sydney as sitting just behind major cities they work, how they value and spend their time and last few weeks of 2021, sizeable deals were struck with
like Vancouver, Copenhagen and Dublin as home to money. It has exacerbated obvious problems and exposed and largest – remains a source large institutional investors including ASX100-listed
globally influential firms, with more than 60% of top hidden ones. The sense of pride and fond memories of pride but it wasn’t firing on all Charter Hall, global investment business Blackstone and
innovation technology firms located in Sydney’s CBD and of the CBD may remain, but people have recast their Singapore-listed CapitaLand. As The Australian noted,
cylinders before the pandemic.
Harbour area.7 definition of a great experience. The CBD is now in an these companies are “bullish that Australian offices will be
intense battle with other local areas across Sydney. We now have a once-in-a- among world leaders in the return to work early next year
Retail was a major employer of people in the CBD. In
2017, 7,320 retail-related businesses in the City of All cities evolve with the challenges of the era, and
generation opportunity to as low levels of office occupancy start to pick up”.12
Sydney accounted for 35.5% of all businesses in the local COVID-19’s challenge to the lifeblood of our city is a reimagine our CBD as something The NSW Government is investing strategically in a
government area and employed 66,169 workers.8 chance to reset and reimagine. The CBD will not be the better than it was. To do this we range of initiatives, from incentives like ‘Dine & Discover’
same as it was before COVID-19. Our opportunity is to vouchers to long-term placemaking like Australia’s greatest
Sydneysiders are proud of their CBD, but there was create something different, but better. are listening to Sydneysiders from urban walking trail along Sydney Harbour foreshore and
room for improvement before the COVID-19 pandemic
all walks of life. We know our future into the heart of the city. Precincts are also evolving in
changed the world. In a consumer research survey With this in mind, the Office of the 24-Hour Economy front of our eyes. The Rocks has been transformed by
undertaken by EY in 2016, citizens expressed their Commissioner engaged EY to set in place a program of success depends on creating a true expansion of alfresco infrastructure in a treasured part
“mounting frustrations” with issues such as housing research to deep dive into how Sydneysiders view the 24-hour CBD with events, activities of our city. YCK Laneways (bound by York, Clarence and
affordability and public transport. They were concerned CBD and how they interact with it. Our objective was
that infrastructure investment was not keeping pace to benchmark people’s perspectives, memories and
and experiences that attract Kent Streets) has been formed to create one of the most
exciting small bar districts in the world. Tech Central, on
with the needs of residents, and that the strength perceptions of the CBD pre-pandemic. Most importantly, people back again and again.” the north-western fringe of Central Station, is poised to
of loyalty and pride in their city could, with time, be we wanted to understand how Sydneysiders might become a thriving precinct and together with an already
undermined.9 These sentiments were also echoed in engage and embrace the CBD in the future. Michael Rodrigues, 24-Hour Economy pumping Surry Hills will further position Sydney as a digital
research undertaken by City of Sydney which compared and creative hub.
This research was a rare opportunity to listen to Commissioner, Investment NSW
community attitudes prior to and during the pandemic,
finding that while transport and housing affordability Sydneysiders to understand how their lives have changed For the CBD to rebuild, collaboration is critical to success.
remained top areas of concern, financial hardship as well and what this means for the CBD. The insights gained can It is only by working together that we will develop better
as a general sense of anxiety about the future displaced contribute to a strategy that encourages people to return policy, devise better ways of working across all the key
concerns about culture and going out as one of the top to the CBD, not just once or occasionally, but repeatedly. players, and deliver better and more creative initiatives
five issues.10 And not just for work, but for entertainment as well. that attract people who may not have considered the CBD
While it has been a difficult two years, positive signs pre-pandemic.
point to a bright future for the CBD. Office occupancy
levels – an important measure of CBD vibrance – While this research captures a moment in time, we have a
bounced back from 7% in January 2022 to 41% in new treasure trove of data with deep insights into people
March 2022, according to the Property Council’s Office from all over Sydney that can help us shape practical
Occupancy Report. On peak days occupancy in Sydney’s targeted measures, short-term tactics and long-term
CBD increased to 52%, although the low was 23%.11 placemaking moves.
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06 7. Arup, City of Sydney Economic Future: towards a new cycle, 2019 11. Property Council of Australia, April 2022 07
8. City of Sydney, 2022 12. https://www.propertycouncil.com.au/Web/Content/Media_Release/NSW/2022/Sydney_s_office_occupancy_data_surges_as_workers_
9. EY, How can you build a strong city pulse, without taking the human pulse?, 2016 flow_back_to_the_office.aspx
10. City of Sydney, Community Wellbeing Indicators 2019
EXECUTIVE
Certain groups – notably younger Sydneysiders, CBD When people were asked which initiatives would bring
office workers and people who live within 30 minutes them back to the CBD, some responses were no surprise
of the CBD – are enthusiastic about their return to the and others raised eyebrows. Convenience is important:
city. But make no mistake: the CBD is now in an intense cheaper and easier-to-access parking and more reliable
SUMMARY
battle with other local areas across Sydney. and frequent public transport are among the top initiatives
to re-engage Sydneysiders. However, some of these
Travel restrictions and hybrid working have requirements also necessitate trade-offs. Cheaper parking
transformed local areas and high streets into a greater may exacerbate traffic congestion, for instance, and
competitive threat to CBD precincts than at any other therefore may not be desirable.
time in the last three decades. But this ‘local area
awakening’ has polarised Sydneysiders between two
extremes: those who say they ‘don’t feel the need to Initiatives
return to the CBD to find great experiences’ (32%); and
those who are ‘more likely to visit the CBD for activities PRACTICALITY
than they did pre-COVID’ (35%).
SHORT TERM
Sydney’s CBD has been an economic powerhouse The CBD had core strengths prior to the pandemic,
59% 39% 35%
for decades and Sydneysiders are proud of their
city’s heart. But after two years of staying local, 39% of Sydneysiders excited
about visiting the CBD ...
but it wasn’t meeting its full potential. Pre-COVID
deterrents now loom larger, especially as people seek Cheaper parking More reliable/ Later running PT
the pandemic has reshaped how people live, affordable and safe experiences. Cost, convenience and options frequent PT
how they spend their time and money, and the availability of parking featured frequently in qualitative system
ACTIVATIONS
experiences they gravitate towards. feedback. So too did the lack of green space.
57% 66% 63%
Alongside the established barriers are a host of new
Sydney’s economic engine Are looking Always something Ideal place to 58% 54% 37%
ones. The notion of safety has extended beyond social
forward to the new to experience spend quality issues and now includes the health risk of being in
Prior to the pandemic, Sydney contributed ... buzz of the CBD in the CBD time with others Dine & Discover Free or low cost Pop-up activities
crowds or busy areas. vouchers activities
of Greater Sydney’s
14.5% workforce13 Top CBD associations Deterrents to CBD visitation
PLACEMAKING
Is a fun place to be Feel the CBD isn’t as appealing to visit as before
$140 35% 32% 25%
LONG TERM
in GDP annually 79% the pandemic
billion 38% Increased green More outdoor Widening of
areas dining pedestrian zones
The best dining options for special occasions
of Australia’s GDP
9.4% growth14
77% Don’t feel the need to return to the CBD to find
great experiences
32%
The best fine dining options But once the baselines of parking, public transport,
In late 2021, EY interviewed a representative 77% cleanliness and safety in the streets are stripped out,
Feel places in the Sydney CBD can be too expensive
sample of 3,017 Sydneysiders to understand the top initiatives are more intriguing, and include dining
evolving attitudes to the CBD and the activities 65% incentives and alfresco areas, more green space and pop-
Easy to get there from my home during the day
and activations that would entice them back. up activities.
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77%
This research, supplemented with wide ranging Limited parking availability
qualitative research methods including online While there is no one solution to rebuilding Sydney’s CBD,
65% the report proposes several ideas and initiatives to be
forums and in-depth interviews, provides a new The widest range of dining options
array of data and insights into how people might 76% considered by NSW Government and other policy makers.
engage and embrace the CBD in the future. The report also highlights opportunities for businesses to
re-engage and attract people back to the CBD.
08 13. Grattan Institute, 2018 09
14. SGS Economics & Planning, 2019
Recommendations
Our challenge is to reframe the narrow or dated perceptions that stop
Sydneysiders from rediscovering their CBD.
Our opportunity is to shine a light on the multiplicity of sub-brands within
the CBD for the many audiences looking for new and unexpected experiences.
In doing so we will flick the switch on a new era for Sydney.
Placemaking and planning Creating demand Activating the city Mobility and access Licensing and regulation
1 Establish more alfresco 1 Extend the deadline for Dine & 1 Build on the $50-million CBDs 1 Consider options to encourage ridership on public 1 Explore the potential for more late-night licences in
infrastructure and access to Discover, Stay & Discover and Revitalisation Program and the transport, including subsidised annual travel passes particular districts
green, calm spaces other related vouchers to at ELEVATE Sydney festival by and later night running of services
least 31 December 2022 using existing infrastructure and 2 Consider further alignment of planning legislation
2 Expand parklets and make outdoor space for events 2 Resist the call to increase parking amenities for small bars to align development consent with
temporary use of road space for 2 Expand the range of ‘Discover’ within the CBD or to subsidise parking within the trading hours
hospitality businesses and pop- activities that can be redeemed 2 Use major events to city, as public transport participation rates will
up events or offer additional vouchers for encourage visitors to stay improve with time 3 Develop a shared position on sound policy
off-peak times longer in the CBD specifically to provide a definition of ‘offensive noise’
3 Forge collaborations between 3 Trial micro-mobility and shared e-scooters on active
state and local government, Trial a ‘culture pass’ for venues Develop activities that target transport infrastructure to quickly dissipate crowds 4 Streamline planning and licensing to support
3 3
the property sector and arts and institutions across Sydney young people and people with ongoing efforts to activate institutions such as
and cultural institutions to host families to come into the city for 4 Invest in additional active or ‘light’ transport libraries, museums, warehouses and carparks for
activities, like art shows, live 4 Enhance and expand the non-work corridors, e.g. connecting Green Square to the City different uses, like dance parties
performances or theatre Sydney Pass iVenture Card
to include a wider range of Trial a ‘City Camp’ program 5 Urge employers to offer and promote flexible 5 Make lower-cost retail like pop-up shops, swaps
4
Investigate ways to ensure offerings for visitors for primary and secondary working hours to relieve congestion on public and market activations easier and more
4
affordable price points for food school students and community transport and encourage the development of cost-effective to establish
and beverage are maintained 5 Consider new offerings as sports clubs to encourage employment packages that include subsidised public
as part of the post-pandemic demand drivers for the CBD young people to get to know transport travel
tenant mix (e.g. 24-hour food market and and be excited by what the city
new major e-gaming venue) has to offer 6 Consider ‘hot offices’ with subsidies that encourage
Consider creative and flexible employees to access CBD work locations or shared
5
use of building space to 6 Incentivise contractors, Develop a strategic workspaces with free access to fast Wifi, an
5
maximise capacity and create participants in the ‘gig- approach to events that affordable lunch and quiet workspaces
new business opportunities economy’ and others to work emphasises sustained
from the CBD with discounts on activation, which could 7 Trial late public transport running Thursday
CBD co-working spaces be achieved with precinct to Saturday nights to provide easier and more
activation campaigns cost-effective transport for young people and
7 Fund targeted audience that highlight the unique hospitality workers
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engagement using a ‘personalities’ of place
combination of traditional,
non-traditional media and
influencers to reinforce the *Please refer to the recommendations section and appendix for
‘specialness’ of the CBD further detail on these opportunities.
10 11
OVERVIEW
In late 2021, EY interviewed a representative sample
of 3,017 Sydneysiders to find out how their attitudes
to Sydney’s CBD had changed since the beginning
of the COVID-19 pandemic and the activities and
activations that would entice them back.
While this research was undertaken before the
Omicron outbreak in December 2021, the findings
remain relevant to the long-term future of the CBD.
The research included Sydneysiders aged over 18
years of age, living within Greater Sydney and who had
spent time in the Sydney CBD for work or leisure at
least once each year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The research was also supplemented with a wide
range of qualitative research methods including online
forums and in-depth interviews to add additional
colour and insight to the hard data. This component
of the research was mostly conducted with adults
aged over 18 with some of the in-depth interviews
conducted with younger adults aged between
14-17 years.
For a breakdown of the respondent profile included in
the survey, please refer to Appendix 1.
Alongside the research with Sydneysiders, we have
also engaged with key representatives from the
property, hospitality, entertainment, culture and retail
sectors, City of Sydney, NSW Government and other
leading thinkers to explore how to reinvigorate the
Sydney CBD. Throughout this report, we have also
shared some case studies on different approaches that
are re-shaping engagement with specific precincts.
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12 13
LIFE
REDEFINED
Sydneysiders are proud of their CBD as a According to EY’s Future Consumer Index research, more
showcase, a special occasion destination and a than half (54%) of all Australians say the pandemic has
place of discovery and exploration. But after two changed their lives “significantly”, from how they work
years of predominantly staying local, the pandemic and socialise, to how they travel, shop, dine and enjoy
has reshaped how people live, how they spend leisure time. People have new perspectives on time and
their time and money, and the experiences they space. Six in 10 Australians say they plan to be more
gravitate towards. cautious of their spending in the future than they were
pre-pandemic. A third say they are less inclined to choose
experiences outside the home because of health and
safety concerns. And half (50%) say their values and
outlook on life have changed.15
Key statistics
“I have realised that I spent money on things I didn’t
need. I purchased a lot of beauty products even
of those who though I hardly wore them. This time has shown me
live in NSW are that I don’t actually need as many clothes as I am
61% thinking about the
future and what’s
finding myself wearing similar things most days.”
Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
important to them from the CBD, does not work in CBD
“Like everyone else, I’ve developed lots of habits
to be cautious and mindfully aware of people
surrounding me, and purposefully avoiding them to
say COVID-19 maintain social distancing.”
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51% changed the way
they look at life
Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
from the CBD, does not work in CBD
14 15. EY, Future Consumer Index, February 2022 15
Life has changed16 Changes in behaviour15 EY’s most recent edition of the Future Consumer Index Intention to return to pre-pandemic visitation
survey shows that Australians intend to return to their
Agree/strongly agree that the way they live has frequency (in six months’ time)
I have become more used to cooking at home state’s major city CBD less frequently in the next six
significantly changed since before the pandemic
months than they did pre-pandemic.17 Prior to the
65% Proportion who will continue to visit once a month or more
70
pandemic, around 35% of Australians were visiting their
61% 61% local CBD at least once per week with 45% visiting at least
60 56% I am more comfortable in my own skin, without the need for monthly. In six months’ time, it is likely that more than Sydney Melbourne Brisbane
54%
beauty products or cosmetic enhancements
47% two-thirds of these pre-pandemic visitors will return to Work
50 54%
62% the city at least once per week and more than
40 44% 44% three-quarters plan to return at least once per month. 71% 71% 75%
30
I feel less pressure to keep up with the latest
fashion trends
Jun
‘20
Jul
‘20
Oct
‘20
Nov
’20
Feb
‘21
May
‘21
Oct
‘21
Feb
‘22
Intention to return to pre-pandemic visitation
61%
frequency (in six months’ time) Shopping/
retail
I am more likely to repair things than replace them 64% 66% 68%
Sydney Melbourne Brisbane
59%
Long term changes expected16 Return to
Agree/strongly agree that their life will significantly pre-pandemic Dining/
I feel less pressure to keep up with the latest gadget and
change in the long-term as a result of the pandemic technology trends
frequency 64% 70% 70% hospitality
of visiting once
a week or more
66% 69% 66%
70 56%
60 54% 53%
52% Brands have become less important in all my Return to
50%
47%
50 purchase decisions pre-pandemic Entertainment/
frequency of leisure
40
49%
55% visiting 74% 79% 76% 55% 58% 56%
43% 43%
once a month
30 or more
It has made me realize I have more clothes than I
Jun Jul Oct Nov Feb May Oct Feb
‘20 ‘20 ‘20 ’20 ‘21 ‘21 ‘21 ‘22 really need
50% While work will remain the key reason for high frequency This suggests that while Australians are still attracted to
visits to the CBD in the near future (63% of those who their CBD, it also underscores a nationwide challenge.
I am buying more things because it makes me visited the CBD at least weekly plan to return to the People are not planning to head into the city with the
feel happy CBD on a weekly basis in six months’ time), dining and same frequency they once did.
29% hospitality, shopping and retail will also drive high levels
of revisitation on a monthly basis. In Sydney, travel restrictions during the pandemic forced
many people to rediscover their local areas. As hybrid
workplaces support more people to work from home, at
least for some part of each week, local areas and high
streets have become a much bigger competitive threat
to CBD precincts than at any other time during the last
three decades.
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16 16. EY, Future Consumer Index, February 2022 17. EY Future Consumer Index, February 2022 17
The ‘local area awakening’ has de-positioned the CBD in Why did people visit the CBD pre-pandemic? Attitudes towards the Sydney CBD Sentiment towards the Sydney CBD
the minds of many, but not all, Sydneysiders. Responses
are polarised between two extremes: those who say they NET NET
Perceptions of the Sydney CBD Things you have been missing
‘don’t feel the need to return to the CBD to find great Work 14.5% of Sydney’s workforce Agree Agree
experiences’ (32%); and those who are ‘more likely to visit headed to the CBD for work
I’m proud of the way the CBD is a showcase The Sydney CBD has a lot of open air and green
the CBD for activities than they did pre-COVID’ (35%). each weekday prior to the
for Sydney areas where I can spend time outside
pandemic.18
Positive and negative perceptions 16% 53% 23% 6% 69% 13% 51% 22% 13% 64%
Arts and With the Sydney Opera House,
I’ve always loved spending time in the Sydney CBD I am looking forward to the buzz that comes with
“The vibe of the city is really special… different culture Sydney Theatre Company, Art
being amongst lots of different people in the
kinds of people, entertainment, food … I think that’s Gallery of NSW, Museum of
16% 52% 22% 8% 68% Sydney CBD
really cool.” Contemporary Art and more, the
CBD was a culture magnet.
Age 25-34, no children, lives less than 30 minutes 13% 44% 27% 12% 57%
There’s always something new to experience
from CBD, works in CBD
in the Sydney CBD
+ Pitt Street The open-air shopping I am more likely to visit the Sydney CBD for
14% 52% 25% 8% 66% activities than I did pre-COVID (e.g., dining, live
Mall experience attracted
shoppers looking for high-end music, arts and culture, etc.)
“It’s a central meeting point… you can just get a and luxury labels. The Sydney CBD is an ideal destination to spend
train to the CBD and meet up.” 9% 27% 34% 26% 36%
quality time with groups of friends or family
Age 18-24, no children, lives more than 30 minutes
travel time to the CBD, does not work in the CBD 13% 50% 25% 11% 63%
+ Dining With high quality restaurants
Features of the Sydney CBD
NET
experiences and unique bars, the CBD was I love the experience of being in the Sydney CBD Agree
well positioned for special around people from all over Sydney
occasions and experiences. I love the diverse range of experiences you can have
“There are a lot of premium and boutique stores
in different parts of the Sydney CBD, at different
that are a bit expensive and don’t offer deals. It’s 13% 49% 27% 9% 62%
times of the day
not attractive to me.”
Age 45-54, has children, lives more than 30 15% 59% 20% 74%
minutes travel time to the CBD, does not work in Signature Spacious parks and generous
NET
the CBD events open plazas made the CBD Comparison to other areas
Agree The Sydney CBD is full of energy and is a vibrant
the natural home for festivals,
- destination for people like me to visit
parades and pop-up events. The Sydney CBD offers much more diverse
experiences than my local area
15% 50% 25% 9% 65%
“Some people might not go to the CBD because
21% 49% 19% 9% 70%
they can’t get home if trains don’t go past midnight.
The Sydney CBD isn’t as appealing to visit for leisure
Not everyone can afford taxi rides to get home.”
as it was before the pandemic
Age 25-34, no children, lives less than 30 minutes There’s something special about going to
from CBD, does not work in the CBD the Sydney CBD compared to other places
8% 30% 29% 27% 6% 38%
-
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14% 52% 24% 9% 65%
Strongly Agree Neither Disagree Strongly
I don’t feel the need to return to the agree agree nor disagree
Sydney CBD to find great experiences disagree
6% 27% 31% 30% 6% 32%
Strongly Agree Neither Disagree Strongly
18 18. Terrill et all, Grattan Institute, 2018, p.14 agree agree nor disagree 19
disagreeA TIME FOR
The COVID-19 pandemic presented
opportunities for people to reflect and reimagine
their lives. Now, as we emerge from lockdowns of Sydneysiders
and adjust to the ‘new normal’, our city centre 39% excited about
REDISCOVERY
can be a place of re-awakening and rediscovery. visiting the CBD ...
Positively, two in five Sydneysiders (39%) are very
or extremely excited to revisit the CBD. Two in
three (65%) say there is something special about Are looking forward
the CBD, and 70% agree that it offers much more 57% to the buzz of the
diverse experiences than their local area. CBD
Always something
“I think just the general experience [of the CBD] 66% new to experience
is so much more attractive to me. You could in the CBD
do the exact same thing for two days but have
completely different experiences just because
Ideal place to spend
of the amount of diversity and the different
people you can meet. Whereas, sometimes in 63% quality time with
others
suburban areas things can feel a bit repetitive,
but I never seem to get that feeling in the CBD.”
Age 18-24, no children, lives less than
30 minutes from the CBD, works in CBD Top CBD associations
Is a fun place to be
79%
The best dining options for
“There are a lot of other suburbs around special occasions
the CBD and where I live that have great
restaurants and bars … accessibility for me and
77%
my friends is a consideration – suburban areas
can sometimes be better with the high chance The best fine dining options
of being able to park if driving.”
77%
Age 18-24, no children, lives less than
30 minutes from the CBD, works in CBD
Easy to get there from my
home during the day
77%
The widest range of dining options
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76%
20 21Enthusiasm for the CBD is significantly higher among Other groups more likely to return What would encourage office workers Top five strengths and weaknesses
younger Sydneysiders, who stated that they are more back in?
likely to visit the CBD than they did pre-COVID. People with children under 18 The CBD is the best place for ...
42% More flexible working hours to eliminate rush hour 1 Fine dining options
Now and then: Who is more likely to visit 34%
2 Experiencing the arts
Sydney’s CBD for activities than pre-COVID? CBD workers
46% Annual subsidies for public transport 3 Special occasion dining
18-24 33%
4 Access to the best range of bars
49% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
57% City worker memberships with unique value adds 5 High-end shopping
25-34 from partners
48% Culturally and linguistically diverse people 19%
My local area is the best place for ...
49%
35-44 1 Easy access from my home at night
42% The CBD undoubtedly faces stiff competition from 2 Easy access from my home during the day
areas closer to home. Prior to the pandemic, the CBD
The response from CBD office workers is heartening,
45-54 was positioned strongly for the best fine dining, bars 3 Relaxation
as this segment of Sydneysiders says it is significantly
29% and culture. It remains the preferred option for special
more likely to visit the CBD for cultural activities than
occasions and high-end shopping. However, local areas 4 Value for money
pre-COVID. Office workers are keen to re-immerse
55-69 have the trump card of convenience as well as being
themselves in the buzz of the city, but they are looking 5 Everyday shopping, green areas and natural spaces
places to connect with other local people.
23% for workplaces and experiences that are worth
the commute.
70 plus The CBD’s biggest weaknesses are ...
19% 1 Lack of shops for everyday items
“I’d like to return to the office to see people “It’s a central meeting point for me and my
and catch up – I miss those interactions! friends – we all live quite spread out across 2 Poor value for money
Team bonding events and company events Sydney and it’s [the CBD] really easy… you can
will certainly encourage people to come in.” just get a train to the CBD and meet up.” 3 Few green areas and natural spaces
Total:
35% Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30
minutes from the CBD, does not work in CBD
Age 14-17, lives less than 30 minutes from the
CBD, does not work in CBD
4 Hard to get home at night
5 Not a relaxing place to be
My local area’s biggest weaknesses are a lack of…
“I miss it and would love for it to come 1 Places to experience the arts
back – I definitely won’t hold back once we
are allowed.” 2 The best high-end shops
Age 18-24, no children, lives less than
FLICKING THE SWITCH
FLICKING THE SWITCH
3 Theatre or arts venues
30 minutes from the CBD, works in CBD
4 Fine dining options
5 Access to the best live events
See Appendix 3 for a graphical representation of these
strengths and weaknesses.
22 23The CBD is currently a place of occasion and experience. Strengths of Sydney’s CBD (when compared to suburban areas)
While local areas aren’t always vibrant, exciting or places
for new or memorable experiences, they are places where
people can feel connected to others. DIVERSITY UNIQUE DINING EXPERIENCES
This is arguably the biggest opportunity for Sydney’s “The vibe of the city is really special. There’s lots “Most of my trips to the CBD were leisure – we’d
CBD – to amplify its place in the city as a connector, not of areas that are really different, different kinds of be going to something or seeing something… [I’m]
just as a physical meeting place but as a foundation for people, different kinds of entertainment, different attracted to bars that have some sort of novelty.”
diverse, inclusive and connected communities. food, a different vibe … I think that’s really cool.” Age 20-29, Identifies as Aboriginal or Torres Strait
Age 14-17, lives less than 30 minutes travel time Islander (ATSI), has children, lives 30 minutes or
from the CBD, does not work in CBD more from the CBD, does not work in CBD
Experience perceptions by area
ACCESSIBILITY AND DIVERSITY ICONIC VIEWS AND SCENERY
Sydney CBD My local area Other areas in Sydney “I want somewhere easily accessible and look for “You have some really good places with good
something I haven’t experienced before … new views – you don’t have that in the Inner West.”
cuisines, new restaurants, new locations. I think Age 30-39, Culturally and linguistically diverse
It is vibrant and
8 -7 -1 the CBD often has a lot more to offer in terms of person (CALD), no children, lives less than 30
full of energy
accessibility and new experiences when compared minutes from the CBD, works in CBD
Exciting, to suburban areas.”
It feels like a place to a place for
Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
something 7 -6 -1
celebrate something special from the CBD, does not work in CBD
special
There is always something
6 -6 1 “The key aspects I consider are ease of access CONVENIENT PLACE TO MEET
exciting happening
and variety of offering. For example, I try to avoid
driving around Sydney when I can, so it appeals “It’s still a convenient place to catch-up with my
A great place to have to me that I can easily get to the Sydney CBD by friends, mostly during the week as people are
2 -3 1
memorable experiences walking or train or ferry. I also like that the CBD around there.”
has a lot of different shopping choices on offer Age 20-29, CALD, no children, lives less than 30
Is a place where you
from Westfield to QVB and Pitt Street Mall. There minutes from the CBD, works in CBD
can have many different 2 -5 4
are also so many different bars and restaurants to
experiences A place for
choose from which you can easily walk to.”
discovery “It’s hard to imagine not going there at all. Even if I
It is a place to Age 30-49, no children, lives less than 30 minutes don’t work there, I’d still go there to catch up with
1 -7 6
discover new things from the CBD, does not work in CBD my friends on weekends or on Fridays.”
Age 30-39, CALD, no children, lives less than 30
I feel proud to minutes from the CBD, works in CBD
0 2 -2
take people here
It appeals to people like me -4 6 -2 UNIQUE PRECINCTS
FLICKING THE SWITCH
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A place for “I like that the CBD has so many unique precincts
connection SPECIAL OCCASION EVENTS
all with a different vibe and offering. You have
I love spending time here -5 with like 11 -5 The Rocks, Circular Quay, Pitt Street Mall, Darling “There’s an enhanced feeling of ‘going out’ when
minded
Harbour and Barangaroo.” you head into the city rather than the local pub.”
people
It is a place where I can feel Age 30-49, no children, lives less than 30 minutes Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
-15 15 0 from the CBD, does not work in CBD from the CBD, does not work in CBD
connected to other people
24 25Strengths of suburbs (when compared to the CBD)
CONVENIENCE GREATER COVID CONCERNS IN CBD
“Staying local is generally more convenient for “Once restrictions ease, I would still be more
me than travelling to the CBD… for me, the CBD inclined to visit local bars around my area to avoid
is treated as a bit of a special occasion (often for crowds etc. and the risk of going into another
birthdays etc.).” tough lockdown.”
Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
from the CBD, does not work in CBD from the CBD, does not work in CBD
MORE CASUAL EXPERIENCES LESS CROWDS
“I do prefer quieter pubs like at Balmain or Surry “The older I get, the less I like crowds and I hate
Hills. I think pubs and restaurants in local areas can lining up for anything. So for example, if I’m just
be a bit more relaxing than the CBD … I don’t have going to the movies alone I would prefer to go to
to dress up!” Fox Studios to avoid the crowds.”
Age 30-49, no children, lives less than 30 minutes Age 30-49, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
from the CBD, does not work in CBD from the CBD, does not work in CBD
INSUFFICIENT PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO SUPPORT MORE AFFORDABLE
NIGHT LIFE
“The CBD can learn from other suburban areas to
“Sydney is quite spread out… some people might be more affordable.”
not go to the CBD because they can’t get home if Age 18-24, no children, lives 30 minutes or more
trains don’t go past midnight. Not everyone can from the CBD, works in CBD
afford taxi rides to get home.”
Age 25-29, CALD, lives less than 30 minutes from
the CBD, works in CBD
FLICKING THE SWITCH
FLICKING THE SWITCH
26 27What makes the CBD a magnet depends on where For people who live more than 30 minutes away from There is also a group of Sydneysiders who live 30 minutes Conversely, those less than 30 minutes away perceive
people live. The perception of the CBD improves with the CBD, these new concerns are compounded by or more from the CBD who now perceive it to be too far the CBD to be a much more convenient and accessible
proximity. Conversely, enthusiasm for the CBD tapers pre-existing deterrents, notably the expense of public away and too much effort. destination.
as the resident radius widens. This suggests activities transport. This is particularly the case for people
and offerings that appeal to Sydneysiders from suburbs with children.
closest to the CBD will be most successful. “Prior to the pandemic, going to the CBD was fairly “A good core meeting place for friends.”
easy – hop on the light rail and I was there within Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
People who live 30 minutes or more from the CBD are “[I] usually drive and park in Darling Harbour as an hour. Now the CBD seems so far away and out of from the CBD, does not work in CBD
most concerned about catching public transport in a post- it’s cheaper. I haven’t caught a bus in years… If I’m reach. I feel less connected to it because of the lack
pandemic landscape and the time it will take to commute going in with my family, it’s cheaper to drive.” of connection and because I haven’t been into the
to the CBD for work. Age 30-49, has children, lives 30 minutes or more CBD for quite a while.”
from the CBD, does not work in CBD Age 30-49, has children, lives 30 minutes or more
from the CBD, does not work in CBD “It’s [the CBD] very important – it’s one of the main
areas where I catch up with my friends as it’s a mid-
“I think I’d still have to use the train to get into the point for many of our locations.”
CBD given how far away I live, but at the moment Age 25-29, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
I’m not really comfortable taking that option.” “I would drive and pre book Wilson Parking to save from the CBD, does not work in CBD
Age 30-49, has children, lives 30 minutes or more money. However, with added toll costs on M4 and “If it takes more than an hour of travel, it would
from the CBD, does not work in CBD M5 splitting into the M8, I would probably avoid the have to be a big reason to make the trip for myself,
city entirely nowadays.” these days.”
Age 18-24, no children, lives 30 minutes or more Age 30-49, has children, lives 30 minutes or more
from the CBD, works in CBD from the CBD, does not work in CBD “The CBD is fairly important – I live quite close and
it’s a short bus or tram ride into the city for meals,
“I wouldn’t want to go on public transport at theatre shows, cinemas and shopping, and it’s a
this time.” convenient meeting point for my friends and I.”
Age 30-49, has children, lives 30 minutes or more Age 30-39, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
from the CBD, does not work in CBD from the CBD, does not work in CBD
FLICKING THE SWITCH
FLICKING THE SWITCH
“The travel time is my biggest concern –
pre- pandemic traffic was out of control… when you
add two-plus hours per day for travel you become
resentful of the loss of your time.”
Age 30-49, has children, lives 30 minutes or more
from the CBD, does not work in CBD
28 29Enthusiasts for the Sydney CBD
I am more likely to visit the Sydney CBD for activities than I did pre-COVID (Agree / Strongly agree)
Baulkham Hills and Hawkesbury (incl. Castle Hill, Northern Beaches (incl. Dee Why, Newport, Palm Beach
Kenthurst, Dural etc.) etc.)
26% 21%
Blacktown (incl. Beaumont Hills, Rouse Hill, Lalor Park, Outer South West (incl. Campbelltown, Ingleburn,
Seven Hills etc.) Glenfield etc.)
40% 46%
City and Inner South (incl. Darlinghurst, Surry Hills, Potts Outer West and Blue Mountains (incl. Penrith, Oxley Park,
Point, Broadway, Newtown etc.) Kingswood etc.)
40% 28%
Eastern Suburbs (incl. Randwick, Clovelly, Bondi, Bondi Parramatta (incl. Bella Vista, Harris Park,
Junction, Maroubra etc.) Westmead etc.)
34% 43%
Inner South West (incl. Hurstville, Arncliffe, Bexley, Ryde (incl. Putney, Epping, Denistone,
East Hills etc.) West Ryde etc.)
40% 27%
Inner West (incl. Abbotsford, Balmain, Strathfield, South West (incl. Liverpool, Blacktown, Prairiewood,
Leichhardt, Haberfield etc.) Ashcroft etc.)
34% 41%
North Sydney and Hornsby (incl. Asquith, Waverton, Sutherland (incl. Caringbah, Port Hacking, Kirrawee,
Greenwich, Crows Nest, Chatswood etc.) Miranda etc.)
25% 28%
CBD worker
46%
The CBD is positioned the strongest perceptually for People are saying loud and clear: “We don’t need to
FLICKING THE SWITCH
FLICKING THE SWITCH
special occasions and experiences. But COVID has travel into the CBD for casual dining, to catch up with
changed the competitive set – and feeling safe, relaxed friends and family, or to spend time in natural or green
and within a short distance of home is more important spaces when we can do this so close to home and at
than it once was. As one respondent noted: “I don’t think less cost.”
anything can ‘substitute’ the CBD, but I think people
are opting for their own local areas to support small
businesses at the moment.”
30 31The CBD had core strengths prior to the pandemic,
but it wasn’t meeting its full potential. COVID-19 measures and mandates
Pre-COVID deterrents now loom larger, especially as
people seek affordable and safe experiences. The cost
and convenience of the CBD remains one of the biggest want COVID-19 vaccination
barriers, with the expense and availability of parking 54% mandates to remain
frequently featuring in qualitative feedback.
The lack of late-night entertainment plays a particularly
want visible reinforcement of
prominent role in deterring younger Sydneysiders and 61% COVID-19 measures
CBD workers. Illustrating this, more than a third (37%) of
25-34-year-olds (24% among all Sydneysiders) believe
places in Sydney’s CBD close too early. New variants of COVID-19 point to the need for a
prevailing health and safety ‘halo’ over the city for
The lack of green space is another obstacle. While some time to come.
green space doesn’t drive visitation, it does play a role
in deterring 43% of Sydneysiders from the CBD. This
criticism of the CBD is more pronounced among older
What features will draw and deter
residents who align the best green spaces with their local
area. We know that ‘outdoor’ and ‘green’ have become people in the future?
more important to people through the pandemic and it is
The collective challenge for governments, asset owners,
Old obstacles loom larger in the new normal a critical dynamic as the CBD is redefined into the future.
employers, community groups, hospitality and retail
businesses is to dismantle the biggest barriers while also
dialling up the pull factors that will entice people back in
CULTURE AFFORDABILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY Research undertaken by MIT’s Real Estate
greater numbers and frequency.
“There are lots of museums in the city, but “All the places with the best views and in the Innovation Lab in 2021 found an
they almost act like old dusty libraries that best locations are too touristy and you can’t
nobody visits.” afford them.” 8.9% to 10.5% Obstacles are opportunities
Age 45-54, children, lives more than 30 minutes Age 35-44, children, lives less than 30 minutes
“statistically, economically and positive • Financially exclusive: High-cost retail and
from the CBD, does not work in CBD from the CBD, works in CBD
transaction premium” for offices with high hospitality make the CBD less appealing to low-
street-level greenness. income households and those whose budgets may
have been hit by the pandemic.
These buildings also realised a 5.6% to 7.8%
• ‘Bigger’ occasions only: Sydneysiders can
SAFETY rental premium.19
INCLUSION see the CBD as a place of luxury, prestige and
“I don’t like the CBD at night – it’s not even late but high-end hospitality, making them more likely to
“It would be really good if they took a stance to
you meet so many strange people yelling at you...” reserve the CBD for special occasions.
involve Indigenous culture. At the moment they do
Age 35-44, children, lives less than 30 minutes Alongside the established barriers are a host of new
just enough not to get told they’re doing nothing.” • Business focused: People feel existing CBD
from the CBD, does not work in CBD ones. The notion of safety has extended beyond social
Age 25-34, children, lives more than 30 minutes offerings, with limited opening hours and
issues and now includes the health risk of being in crowds
from the CBD, does not work in CBD weekday operations, are focused on corporate
or busy areas. The shift to working from home, coupled
office workers.
FLICKING THE SWITCH
FLICKING THE SWITCH
with a growing appeal for local areas, has also taken
• Unreliable transport: While the CBD is
some of the gloss off the CBD.
PUBLIC TRANSPORT acknowledged as Sydney’s central hub and
an accessible meeting point, public transport
“Transport should operate for longer and people
is perceived as infrequent, unreliable and
should be able to rely on it.”
unsupportive of late-night visitation.
Age 25-34, no children, lives more than 30 minutes
• Tourist trap: The CBD is a place where people
from the CBD, works in CBD
from all walks of life can come together, but
high prices set for tourism can alienate locals
32 19. Yang et al, The Financial Impact of Street-Level 33
considering cost, convenience and places tailored
Greenery on New York Commercial Buildings, to their needs.
July 2021To experience Sydney’s CBD is to peer through a But Chinatown is favoured for casual dining and value
kaleidoscope. Each precinct and pocket of the city is for money, while Barangaroo, The Rocks and Circular
the backdrop for an endless series of small experiences Quay offer the best special occasion dining experiences.
or fleeting moments that evolve with the time of day Sydney’s actual CBD is known for its shopping and
or night. Just one tiny twist of the kaleidoscope and cultural activities, rather than casual dining or a special
Sydney’s CBD looks different. And like a prism held to occasion. YCK has a strong association with casual
the light, each person sees the CBD through a unique dinner and drinks with work colleagues. Darling Harbour
set of eyes. is seen as a place to discover something new – whether
that’s a major event or a pop-up attraction. The Rocks is
We know the personality of each precinct – and people’s favoured as a place to spend time with family.
perceptions of that – are important. Sydneysiders are,
in general, positive about each precinct in the CBD.
Not one area rated below a respectable 7.6 out of 10
for experience.
How do Sydneysiders rate each CBD precinct?
Visitation and experience – Sydney CBD overall, individual CBD precincts, other areas of Sydney and local area
(% proportion of respondents who visited each precinct in the last few years)
Avg.
My local area 100% 8.1
Other areas of Sydney (excluding Sydney CBD) 100% 7.8
Sydney CBD overall 100% 8.3
Circular Quay 80% 8.5
Darling Harbour 78% 8.5
Sydney CBD (excl. other areas listed) 72% 8.3
The Rocks 67% 8.6
Barangaroo (incl. King Street Wharf) 59% 8.7
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Chinatown 52% 7.8
Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Kings Cross, Potts Point areas 48% 8.2
Pyrmont (excl. Darling Harbour) 42% 8.1
YCK Laneways (York, Clarence, Kent Streets precinct) 33% 7.6
34 35Occasion associations for future visits by precinct There are also practicalities that drive people’s decisions But the message is clear: A one-size-fits-all reactivation
to visit the CBD. It may be easy to get home from Circular strategy can’t be applied to the entire CBD. One
Quay or YCK at night if you live on the lower North opportunity is to create sub-brands within the CBD.
SYDNEY CBD SURRY HILLS, THE ROCKS Shore, but not Surry Hills, for example. Similarly, if you
DARLINGHURST, KINGS live in Bondi, Surry Hills will be easy to get to and from,
• To spend the whole day • To visit iconic Sydney
CROSS, POTTS POINT AREAS but Pyrmont may not be. Depending on the occasion,
undertaking different landmarks
• To shop at boutique/ people select the precinct based on a range of criteria:
activities • Fine dining for lunch or
independent shops accessibility, the home base of the people they are
• To shop at boutique/ dinner
meeting and the travel route; followed by dining appeal;
independent shops • Casual drinks with work • To discover something new vibrancy and open-air space.
• To shop at the best high-end colleagues
• For cultural activities
shops • For a casual dinner
• To shop at a range of • To go to nightclubs
clothing and fashion shops • For live music and Precinct perceptions
• For cultural activities entertainment
• For major special events/
activations GEORGE STREET DARLING HARBOUR
“The light rail is good because it makes that huge “We went there once. They had music playing,
space right in the middle of the city… a large we saw some friends, played in the playground.”
walking area which is always full.” Age 35-44, children, lives more than
YCK LANEWAYS (YORK, PYRMONT DARLING HARBOUR Age 45-54, children, lives less than 30 minutes 30 minutes travel time to the CBD, works in CBD
CLARENCE, KENT ST from CBD, does not work in CBD
Pyrmont is not strongly aligned • To visit great attractions
PRECINCT)
to any occasion associations, but • To do something with the
• Casual drinks with has the potential to be known family
work colleagues for::
• For major special events/ CENTRAL CBD
• Casual meal with work • Casual drinks with colleagues activations WYNYARD
colleagues • To go to nightclubs “Lots of big high rises that are businesses… nothing
• To visit iconic Sydney “Wynyard has all the fancy bars….” to spark interest.”
• To spend the whole day landmarks Age 18-24, no children, lives less than 30 minutes Age 45-54, children, lives more than 30 minutes
undertaking different
from CBD, works in CBD travel time to the CBD, does not work in CBD
activities
• Live music and
entertainment
PITT STREET MALL SURRY HILLS, DARLINGHURST AND POTTS POINT
“We used to go there at Christmas for the David “Oxford Street is unique with all its op shops and
Jones window displays – it was a novelty event.” diversity of people.”
CIRCULAR QUAY BARANGAROO CHINATOWN Age 55-64, no children at home, lives more than Age 25-34, no children, lives less than 30 minutes
30 minutes travel time to the CBD, does not work from CBD, does not work in CBD
• To visit iconic Sydney • Fine dining for lunch or • Casual meal with work
in CBD
landmarks dinner colleagues
• For cultural activities • For a special occasion • Casual meal with friends
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• Fine dining for lunch or • To discover something new and family
dinner • For a casual dinner HAYMARKET AND CHINATOWN
• To visit great attractions • For a casual lunch CIRCULAR QUAY
“Dinner in Haymarket is always good – if we stay at
• To bring together family and “You have some really good places with good views the Green Southern then we go to Haymarket with
friends who live in different – you don’t have that in the Inner West.” all the Asian restaurants.”
areas Age 35-44, children, lives less than 30 minutes Age 55-64, no children, lives more than 30 minutes
from CBD, works in CBD travel time to the CBD, does not work
in CBD
36 37Key needs to encourage return
Safety (hygiene) Visibility/ Alternative travel Open air spaces Accessible
transparency of options where possible amenities
efforts in place
How will COVID-19 concerns influence future visitation?
HYGIENE RULES
“I think there’s a lot of stigma with COVID being “I’d hope that [COVID] rules are more enforced –
When people were asked about future visits to the Perceived time that COVID safe measures spread in the city, with lots of the population, when you’re driving around people aren’t following
CBD, COVID-19 was an obvious concern, reflecting
should remain in place so I might avoid it for a while. I don’t think my the rules. I wouldn’t be going to the CBD if people
that visible and transparent efforts around safety parents will let me go there much either unless I’m aren’t doing the right thing.”
and hygiene are important to people. really careful.” Age 45-54, children, lives more than 30 minutes
Age 14-17, no children, lives more than 30 minutes travel time to the CBD, works in CBD
Travelling on public transport is the biggest concern Visibility of crowding (e.g. real time updates of where
travel time to the CBD, does not work in CBD
and is a clear response to fear of catching the virus. crowds are in the city)
Driving will be the preferred mode of transport
when visiting the CBD in the “near future”. 16% 18% 22% 25% 19%
Respondents were also looking for parking RESTRICTIONS
Extensive cleaning procedures and letting the public know COMMUNITY COMPLIANCE
solutions – subsidies and increases to capacity. they are in place (e.g. on public transport, public areas, etc.) “Concerns? Not really… not in terms of catching
Open, outdoor dining spaces and shopping “Knowing businesses are complying with current COVID. If we’re going to catch it, we’re going to
experiences were also popular solutions. 8% 15% 23% 23% 31% regulations, widespread awareness of regular catch it. I just need restrictions to be lifted.”
cleaning, hand sanitiser and no-touch crossings, Age 25-34, no children, lives less than 30
would be helpful.” minutes from CBD, works in CBD
COVID-19 vaccination mandates (e.g. showing vaccination
Age 35-44, children, lives more than 30 minutes
status at restaurants, bars, events, etc.)
travel time to the CBD, does not work in CBD
12% 21% 21% 27% 19%
TRANSPORT
Visible enforcement of COVID-19 regulations (i.e. mask
FLICKING THE SWITCH
FLICKING THE SWITCH
wearing, social distancing, checking-in) “I would probably drive in more so I guess
REASSURANCE reasonable parking fees, specials [would address
15% 23% 23% 27% 13% “Could reassure me by putting in social distancing my concerns]”.
rules and limiting the amount of people on public Age 45-54, children, lives more than 30 minutes
transport.” travel time to the CBD, does not work in CBD
Don’t For the For the For more Indefinitely Age 55-64, children, lives less than 30 minutes
need to be next 3 next 6 than 6 from CBD, does not work in CBD
in place months months months
anymore (but not
indefinitely)
38 39You can also read
