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AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
emerging ceramics & glass technology
MARCH 2018
Fusion cast refractories:
Roles of containment
Ceramics Expo 2018 preview | Micromilling for space applications | New NSF Ceramics awards
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contents March 2018 • Vol. 97 No.2
feature articles departments
21 Fusion cast refractories: Roles Letter to the editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
cover story
of containment News & Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Refractory linings in glass furnaces are a critical Spotlight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
component of glass-based applications, including
Research Briefs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
encapsulation of nuclear waste through vitrification.
Careful design of these lining materials can ensure safe
and long-lasting methods of nuclear waste storage.
by Kevin Selkregg
columns
Business and Market View . . . 10
World Materials Research Institutes
29 Forum addresses global materials
science challenges
Radioactive waste management technologies
and services projected to reach $21.3 billion
by 2020
Collaboration and cooperation in materials R&D of by Nikos Thomopoulos
leading international laboratories enhances rapid
employment of new ceramic and glass material
technology solutions and products. IMFORMED insights . . . . . . . . 20
by Nicholas Barbosa, Stephen Freiman, and 2018: Year of the Dog likely to live up to
Michael Fasolka its name for Chinese mineral consumers
by Mike O’Driscoll
30 Micromilling
application note
of uniform nanoparticles
for space applications Deciphering the Discipline . . . 48
Fritsch micromills have enhanced one NASA lab’s ability Glassy hillforts: Geoscience or materials
to develop optimized ceramic nanoparticulate materials science? Past or future?
for demanding research projects, including energy
storage and thermoelectric device applications. by Mostafa Ahmadzadeh
by Curtis W. Hill and Lee Allen
meetings
32 National Science Foundation awards in
the Ceramics Program starting in 2017
EAM 2018 recap. . . . . . . . . . . 39
ICACC18 recap. . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
In FY 2017, the NSF Ceramics Program recommended GOMD 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
support for 19 awards, 13 supplemental awards, two
workshops/conferences, and cofunding of a Solid-State Clay 2018. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
and Materials Research project.
MCARE 2018 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
by Lynnette D. Madsen
34 Ceramics Expo—A significant meeting of resources
New Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
minds, materials, machines, and markets
Ceramics Expo—May 1–3, 2018, at the I-X Center in Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Cleveland, Ohio—champions an industry that continues Classified Advertising . . . . . . . 45
to make its mark in the enrichment of an
array of engineering, manufacturing, scientific, Display Ad Index. . . . . . . . . . . 47
and research communities.
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 1
AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
bulletin
Editorial and Production
Eileen De Guire, Editor
online
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ph: 614-794-5828 fx: 614-794-5815
edeguire@ceramics.org
April Gocha, Managing Editor
March 2018 • Vol. 97 No.2
Faye Oney, Assistant Editor
Tess Speakman, Graphic Designer
Editorial Advisory Board
Fei Chen, Wuhan University of Technology, China
Thomas Fischer, University of Cologne, Germany http://bit.ly/acerstwitter http://bit.ly/acerslink http://bit.ly/acersgplus http://bit.ly/acersfb http://bit.ly/acersrss
Kang Lee, NASA Glenn Research Center
Klaus-Markus Peters, Fireline Inc.
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introducing...
Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation
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the bulletin archive online!
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& Technical Publications
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The American Ceramic Society is excited to announce that
Kevin Thompson, Director, Membership
the entire ACerS Bulletin library—all 96 volumes, dating
kthompson@ceramics.org back to 1922—is now available online.
Officers
Michael Alexander, President
With more than 1,100 fully searchable and downloable
Sylvia Johnson, President-Elect issue PDFs, the Bulletin Archive Online is a vast
William Lee, Past President resource for all things ceramic and glass, from slip
Daniel Lease, Treasurer casting to sanitaryware to superconductors.
Charles Spahr, Secretary
Board of Directors Explore this vast resource today—access
Manoj Choudhary, Director 2015–2018 is free for ACerS members!
Doreen Edwards, Director 2016–2019
Kevin Fox, Director 2017–2020
www.ceramics.org/bulletinarchive
Dana Goski, Director 2016–2019
Martin Harmer, Director 2015–2018
Lynnette Madsen, Director 2016–2019
Sanjay Mathur, Director 2017–2020
Martha Mecartney, Director 2017–2020
Gregory Rohrer, Director 2015–2018
David Johnson Jr., Parliamentarian
American Ceramic Society Bulletin covers news and activities of the Society and its members, includes items of interest to the ceramics community, and provides the most current information concerning all aspects of ceramic
technology, including R&D, manufacturing, engineering, and marketing. American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN No. 0002-7812). ©2015. Printed in the United States of America. ACerS Bulletin is published monthly,
except for February, July, and November, as a “dual-media” magazine in print and electronic formats (www.ceramics.org). Editorial and Subscription Offices: 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH
43082-6920. Subscription included with The American Ceramic Society membership. Nonmember print subscription rates, including online access: United States and Canada, 1 year $135; international, 1 year $150.*
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POSTMASTER: Please send address changes to American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 600 North Cleveland Avenue, Suite 210, Westerville, OH 43082-6920. Periodical postage paid at Westerville, Ohio, and additional
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ACSBA7, Vol. 97, No. 2, pp 1– 48. All feature articles are covered in Current Contents.
2 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2
letter to the editor
Dear Editor,
The title of the article “Special benefits of bauxite for a stable porcelain microstructure…”, (J. Liebermann, ACerS Bulletin, 96 [7])
is misleading because it implies that porcelain is intrinsically unstable in service. This implication is false and could be detrimen-
tal to the porcelain insulator industry. Porcelain has been the industry standard for electrical power insulation for over 100 years
and there are well-documented examples of insulators that have been in continuous service for over 50 years.
There are several issues that challenge the legitimacy of this article:
• Liebermann’s assertion that crack extension from embedded quartz particles in porcelain is the cause of strength
reduction is unsupported. The microstructures he presents are over-etched accentuating quartz-matrix cracking
(and the magnification differences cause additional confusion). Evidence for microcrack growth is not presented and
has never appeared in the literature—likely because it does not exist. A cursory review of residual stress conditions
would demonstrate that crack extension is not expected.1
• Liebermann misused Ref. 5 to support his argument and changed the figure captions (Figs. 3 & 4 in both articles).
Fig. 3 is data from a single manufacturer (not “various producers” as indicated in his text) and the data in Fig. 4 is
from several manufacturers from the same study (not “alumina porcelain,” as indicated—see Table 1). His conclu-
sions are also inconsistent with the results presented in Fig. 4:
o Manufacturer “C” in Liebermann (“D” in Ref. 5 and in Fig. 3) extrapolates to ~50-year service lifetime; and
o “A” and “B” extrapolate to over 100 years.
o A service lifetime of 50–100 years is certainly “stable.” Frese and Pohlmann concluded that their results
confirmed the assumption of long service life and reliability. (The incorporation of bauxite to fix porcelain is
unnecessary.)
• What causes the reported decrease in strength with time? Any hypothesis must be able to explain the differences
between manufacturers and the strength distribution broadening. Degradation due to thermal cycling is impossible as
the quartz inversion temperature is >500K above ambient. Ultrasonic velocity results (Ref. 5) stated no discernable dif-
ferences between the insulators removed from service. This indicates no significant changes in the bulk microstructure.
There is one plausible scenario: The glaze chemistry, and thus the chemical durability and resistance to weathering, differed
between manufacturers when the insulators were produced (1964–1966—the “new” data in Fig. 3). Glaze weathering would
account for a decrease in strength and a broadening of the distribution, by the migration of the fracture origin from the body to
the glaze. Small differences in glaze thickness—the new “critical” flaw—broadens the strength distribution.
This seemingly innocent but ill-informed article could severely damage the electrical porcelain industry by the suggestion of poor
performance and instability. It is understood that there is no peer review process, but poor science cannot be justified. How to
address these potential issues in the future likely requires an open discussion.
Reference: Table 1. Average tensile failure force (in kN) for five insulator manufac-
turers reported to be of at least 20 specimens (300 test specimens in
R. W. Davidge, Mechanical Behaviour of Ceramics,
1
total). Standard deviations were not provided. (Liebermann renumbered
Cambridge University Press, Figs. 6.8a & 6.8c, page 87, 1979.
the datasets in Fig. 4, omitting Manufacturer “C”.) Extracted from Ref.
5 in Liebermann. (Thanks for H. Giesche for assistance in translation.) .
Manufacturer New 20 years 35 years Translated Comments
William M. Carty, Ph.D. (Original German text)
John F. McMahon Professor A 242.9 220.6 224.7 Pure alumina
Chair of Ceramic Engineering and Glass Engineering Science (reine Tonerde)
New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University B 180.5 167.1 176.3 Quartz porcelain w/aluminosilicate
(Quarzp. mit Tonerdeanteil)
C 184.5 186.0 217.5 Pure alumina (reine Tonerde)
D 182.9 161.0 150.0 Alumina with quartz
(Tonerde mit Quartzanteil)
E 183.0 178.0 158.7 Pure quartz porcelain
(reines Quartzporzellan)
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 3
author response
Dear Editor,
Prof. Carty imputes a statement that was not made and would not be correct, if made. Nowhere in the article is there any
hint that the alumina porcelain currently used in high-voltage engineering would be unsuitable, not matching the demands of
application. On the contrary, in the introduction it was emphasized that with the transition from quartz to alumina porcelain a
material was developed, which from the viewpoint of its initial and long-term strength guarantees the performance of high-volt-
age insulators on a new level, as required in use.
However, this does not rule out the option to purposefully improve the material. It was the only goal and result of the work
done to provide such a technical and economical optimization of this material type by use of bauxite, as alumina carrier.
The options of optimization were demonstrated and proved.
The first of these options consists of further improvement of the body microstructure to reduce the microstructure stresses.
They occur in all ceramic materials with a multiphase microstructure containing crystalline and vitreous phases that differ in
their coefficient of expansion. Additional external
mechanical and thermal loads can increase the micro-
structure stresses, leading to microstructure damage—
The
products
by growth of microcracks, especially. This in turn may
result in losses of strength. These phenomena quite
American undoubtedly appear in ceramics.
Ceramic Quartz particles are characterized by expansion values
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REFERENCE strength values. This gives a mechanical guarantee for
RESOURCES their good performance in high-voltage insulation.
ISBN: 978-1-57498-352-4
Introduction Table of Contents About ACerS Other Refractory Resources Tips for Using CD
This does not mean, however, that no improvement
of mechanical properties can be achieved by further
Best of the Bulletin
REFRACTORY
CERAMICS purposeful reduction of the portion of free quartz
ENGINEERED . . . PLUS MORE
CERAMICS
CURRENT STATUS AND
crystals in the microstructure.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
emerging ceramics & glass technology
EDITED BY
TATSUKI OHJI • MRITYUNJAY SINGH
As shown by the data of Fig. 3, the use of bauxite
as alumina carrier may perhaps be a way to achieve
Go to www.wiley.com/ PHASE
go/ceramics to view this goal.
all books titles in the
ACerS-Wiley series Furthermore, it was proved that the use of bauxite
Online can give benefits for the firing process and a more
Online e
Online economical utilization of raw materials.
lin
On
Thus, it will meet the intention of the paper that
from mechanical and economical points of view it
seems possible to still improve the properties of alu-
mina porcelain by the purposeful use of bauxite.
USB This was the sole goal and result of the work done.
For more information Final note—see also “History of high-alumina electri-
and pricing visit cal Insulators,” M. Hartmann, Am.Cer. Soc. Bulletin,
ceramics.org/products April 2014.
Johannes Liebermann
Lichtenfels, Germany
4 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2
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www.ceramics.org/bulletinarchive
news & trends
President’s executive order
could mean less dependence on
critical mineral imports
The United States Geological Survey
Credit: Peggy Greb; United States Department of Agriculture
recently identified 23 minerals, includ-
ing rare earths, that are essential to the
U.S. economy and national security and
have the potential to pose a supply risk
to the U.S. A quick look at highlights
from ACerS Bulletin’s recent annual com-
modity summary indicates that eight
minerals related to the ceramic and glass
industries are on the USGS list—and
Examples of rare-earth oxides: (clockwise from top center) praseodymium, cerium,
none are produced in the U.S., with the lanthanum, neodymium, samarium, and gadolinium.
exception of lithium.
But there may be some light at Donald Trump signed an executive critical minerals, which constitutes a
the end of the mineral mine tunnel. order to “reduce the nation’s vulner- strategic vulnerability for the security
Just before Christmas, U.S. President ability to disruptions in the supply of and prosperity of the United States,”
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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 7
news & trends
according to section 3 of the execu- CES 2018 unveils latest tech to One of the biggest trends on the 2018
tive order. the world, from voice assist show floor was, not surprisingly, that
“The United States must not remain nearly everything is connected—whether
reliant on foreign competitors like toilets to ceramic 3-D printers the insole of your shoe, your ukele, or
Russia and China for the critical min- In mid-January, some of the world’s nearly any aspect of your home. Any
erals needed to keep our economy most innovative, influential, and task that can be automated probably
strong and our country safe,” Trump forward-thinking technology companies already is, and nearly anything that you
said in a statement reported in The showcased their latest developments at would want—or not want—to connect to
Washington Post. the Consumer Electronics Show 2018 in voice assistance probably does. And that
The executive order has four initiatives: Las Vegas, Nevada. includes your toilet.
• Identifying new sources of critical With more than 180,000 attendees Of course, ceramic and glass materi-
materials; and 4,000+ exhibitors, CES is one of the als were pervasively present in the tech
• Increasing supply chain activity—start- largest tech shows in the world—which on the CES 2018 show floor, although
ing with exploration and mining to the also means it is a prime place for com- most companies were not focused on the
end result of reprocessing and recycling; panies to unveil their newest concepts, materials themselves.
• Ensuring that miners and produc- gadgets, devices, ideas, and prototypes to There were exceptions, however,
ers have access to advanced geological try to wow consumers. including Kwambio, a company that
and topographical data for the U.S.; and As far at tech goes, CES has it all—from specializes in 3-D printing user-designed
• Streamlining leasing and permit totally useful to completely impractical, ceramic products. Kwambio just devel-
processes to accelerate exploration, produc- from low tech to extravagantly engineered, oped their own in-house 3-D printer,
tion, processing, reprocessing, recycling, from affordable to exorbitant, from real called Ceramo One, after several years of
and refining of critical minerals in the U.S. science to pseudoscience, from startups to development. Kwambio says its binder
China currently leads the world in the multimillion-dollar corporations. jet ceramic printer serves the arts, design,
production of 20 out of the 23 critical
minerals identified in the USGS list—
and that includes rare earth production.
“It is time for the U.S. to take a lead-
ing position,” Interior Secretary Ryan
Zinke says in The Washington Post article,
referring to the production of minerals.
“And it’s not that we don’t have the
minerals in the U.S. It’s likely we do.”
Credit: ACerS
The president asked the secretar-
ies of several departments to provide
Startups unveiled their electronics innovations to the world at Eureka Park at the
a strategy for reducing U.S. reliance Consumer Electronics Show 2018 in Las Vegas, Nev.
on critical materials, which includes
assessing progress toward developing
recycling and reprocessing technologies Business news
and creating technological alternatives DOE announces funding for new saint-gobain.com)…FutureWeld and
to critical minerals. HPC4Manufacturing industry projects Frontier Techni-Kote Industries announce
Although the federal government (www.energy.gov)…Ghana president merger (www.frontiergroupco.com)…
wants to do everything it can to inaugurates $77M ceramics factory (www. Allied Mineral Products to own and supply
increase production of critical minerals businessghana.com)…Bricklaying robotics select Graftech refractory products (www.
in the U.S., there may be hurdles to
technology set to change the construction alliedmineral.com)…Chemetall becomes
overcome—including limited availability
industry (https://particle.scitech.org.au)… BASF’s new global brand for innovative
of domestic reserves of a few miner-
Boom in ceramic units in India puts pricing surface treatment technologies (www.
als, according to commodities reporter
William Clarke of Industrial Minerals. under pressure (https://timesofindia. basf-coatings.com)…American Concrete
And Mountain Pass, the last U.S.- indiatimes.com)…3M enforces patent Institute releases 2018 collection of codes,
owned rare earth mine, purchased by a rights in metal mesh conductor technology specifications, and practices (www.
Chinese consortium last year, still has used in touch screens (http://news.3m. concrete.org)…AGC Glass North America
not reopened. n com)…Saint-Gobain takes leading position to expand operations in Tennessee
in Middle East insulation market (www. (www.agcglass.com) n
8 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2Credit: Gillie Rhodes; Flickr CC BY-NC 2.0
aerospace, energy, healthcare, and defense and oxygen sensor businesses
industries through its ability to additively obsolete,” Takio Kojima, senior
manufacture a variety of ceramic materi- general manager of engineering
als for both printed objects and industrial and R&D at NGK Spark Plug,
molds. The company is now accepting pre- says in the Reuters story. “Our
orders for Ceramo One, which will ship expertise is in advanced ceram- NGK, a leading producer of spark plugs, recently
in the summertime. n ics, and so we have decided to announced that it will now focus on solid-state bat-
pursue all solid-state batteries.” tery technology instead of spark plugs.
NGK says it is working on “makes the electrolyte easier to process
Major spark plug maker plans a solid oxide-based ceramic electrolyte into larger, thin layers which are com-
to shift focus towards solid- battery technology that can be scaled up pressed, making them easier to stack with
state batteries into larger formats that would support anodes and cathodes.”
NGK Spark Plugs, the Japanese com- electric vehicles. “It’s because of the addition of that
pany that leads the global spark plug “It’s relatively easy to work in small- material that we’re able to process layers
market, is turning its focus away from er sizes, but when you get to larger using compression (rather than sinter-
spark plugs and instead concentrating its sizes it gets very difficult to assemble ing) to make a bigger, oxide-based battery
efforts to develop solid-state batteries for each layer because it’s difficult to cell,” Hikosaka explains in the story.
electric vehicles, according to a recent make each layer the same thickness,” So far, NGK says it has made a bat-
Reuters article. Hideaki Hikosaka, a member of NGK tery cell that is 10 cm x 10 cm, but the
“We realized that it was inevitable that Spark Plug’s solid state battery R&D company is still developing ways to boost
the industry would at some point shift team, says in the article. the battery’s energy density to sufficiently
from the internal combustion engine So NGK has engineered an additional enhance performance, with a target of hav-
to battery electric vehicles, and that ulti- material into the battery to offset those ing a more powerful, lighter, competitively
mately this could make our spark plug problems. The undisclosed material price battery within the next few years. n
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American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 9business and market view
A regular column featuring excerpts from BCC Research reports on industry sectors involving the
ceramic and glass industry.
Radioactive waste management technologies and services projected
to reach $21.3 billion by 2020
By Nikos Thomopoulos
known methods for radioactive waste converts contaminated soil to stable glass
M
treatment, accounted for the third larg- and crystalline solids, was expected to
acroeconomic and est share of the market at $2.4 billion reach $98.5 million by the end of 2015
statistical data (12.8%). The projection for this market (Table 2). An estimated CAGR of 2.6%
share segment is to remain almost con- will bring the value of this market to
from various organizations stant until the end of 2020. about $112 million by the end of 2020.
estimate that total radioac- Chemical treatment, decontamina-
tive waste produced in 2015 tion and decommissioning, and thermal About the author
destruction and encapsulation technolo- Nikos Thomopoulos is a project analyst
reached around 42.4 million gies together accounted for more than for BCC Research. Contact Thomopoulos
cubic meters. Quantities are 40% of the global market sales for 2015. at analysts@bccresearch.com.
Size reduction technologies and remedia-
expected to continue their tion technologies, although offering high Resource
positive growth rate at a pro- efficiency, account for 13.4% of global N. Thomopoulos, “Radioactive waste
jected five-year compound market sales for 2015. management: Global markets” BCC
Remediation technologies for Research Report ENV029A, August
annual growth rate (CAGR) radioactive waste treatment include 2015. www.bccresearch.com. n
of 3.4%, reaching 50 million six main categories of technologies:
in-situ and ex-situ biologi-
cubic meters by the end of cal treatment, in-situ and
year 2020. ex-situ thermal technology Table 1. Global market for radioactive waste management by type
of technology, through 2020 ($ millions)
The global market for radioactive treatment, and finally in-
waste management technologies and situ and ex-situ physical Type of technology 2015 2020 CAGR%
services was worth an estimated $18.8 and chemical treatment 2015–2020
billion in 2015. This figure is expected technologies. The global Transportation and disposal services 3,199.0 3,683.0 2.9
to continue rising up to nearly $21.3 remediation technology Physical treatment 2,996.0 3,455.0 2.9
billion by the end of 2020 at a projected industry reached almost Containment and storage 2,406.0 2,742.0 2.6
CAGR of 2.5%. $1.2 billion in 2015. Chemical treatment 2,226.0 2,504.0 2.4
The global radioactive waste market is From 2015 through Decontamination and decommissioning 2,053.0 2,321.0 2.5
segmented on the basis of technologies 2020, the remediation Thermal destruction 1,821.0 2,014.0 2.0
and services, including transportation technology market is Stabilization and encapsulation 1,593.0 1,775.0 2.2
and disposal services, remediation, con- expected to see a mod- Size reduction 1,307.0 1,446.0 2.0
tainment, size reduction, decontamina- erate growth of 2.4% Remediation technologies 1,195.0 1,345.0 2.4
tion and decommissioning services, CAGR, reaching $1.3 bil- Total 18,796.0 21,285.0 2.5
stabilization and encapsulation technolo- lion in 2020, because this
gies, and physical, chemical, and thermal type of technology will continue to be
technologies. Transportation and dispos- used for radioactive waste treatment
al technologies dominate the market at mainly in Europe and North America
Table 2. Global market for radioactive waste
almost $3.2 billion, or 17% of total sales due to low cost of operational and
in-situ thermal treatment technologies through
in 2015, and is projected to increase at a environmental protection. 2020 ($ millions)
CAGR of 2.9% through 2020 (Table 1). In-situ thermal treatment is the third
Type of technology 2015 2020 CAGR%
Physical treatment technologies largest market of remediation technolo-
2015–2020
accounted for the second largest share gies used for radioactive waste treatment.
Thermally enhanced soil
of the market in 2015 at almost $3.0 Two main technologies are grouped vapor extraction 129.5 146.0 2.4
billion (16%) due to simplicity of opera- under the in-situ thermal treatment clas- In-situ vitrification 98.5 112.0 2.6
tion and low investment and operational sification: thermally enhanced soil vapor Total 228.0 258.0 2.5
cost. Containment and storage tech- extraction and vitrification. The global
nologies, including traditional and well- market for in-situ vitrification, which
10 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2acers spotlight
Society and Division news
St. Louis Section/RCD 54th Symposium hotel March 20, 2018
5:00 p.m. Kickoff Event – 99 Hops House, Hollywood Casino
reservation deadline is March 1
March 21, 2018
“Refractories for the Cement, Glass, and Minerals 7:15 a.m. Registration and coffee
Manufacturing Industry,” is the theme of the 54th Annual 8 a.m. Welcome and introductions
St. Louis Section vice chairman
Symposium on Refractories, sponsored by ACerS St. Louis Chris Perry, Christy Refractories
Section and the Refractory Ceramics Division, which is set Refractory Ceramics Division chair
for March 21–22 at the Hilton St. Louis Airport Hotel in Matt Lambert, Allied Mineral Products
Co-program coordinators
St. Louis, Mo. A kickoff event—a night of food, drinks and Andrew Domann, Bucher Emhart Glass
games—will be held at the 99 Hops House at the Hollywood Steven Ashlock, Kyanite Mining Corporation
8:15 a.m. Morning technical sessions
Casino on March 20. Program cochairs are Andrew Domann
1 p.m. Afternoon sessions and presentation of the T.J. Planje St. Louis
(Bucher Emhart Glass) and Steven Ashlock (Kyanite Mining Refractories Award to Nancy E. Bunt, Kerneos Aluminate Technologies
Corporation). 4:45 p.m. RCD annual members meeting
You can book your hotel room at a special rate of $111 5 – 7 p.m. Exposition and cocktail hour
(March 19–23) by mentioning the group code “SCS.” Call 7 p.m. Dinner
(314) 426-5500 or visit http://bit.ly/54thRCDHotel to make a March 22, 2018
reservation before March 1, 2018. 6:30 a.m. Refractory Ceramics Division breakfast meeting
8:15 a.m. Morning technical sessions
For details about the event, visit http://bit.
Noon Questions and discussion
ly/54thRCDSymposium. Questions? Contact Patty Smith,
12:30 p.m. St. Louis Section officer business meeting n
psmith@mst.edu or (573) 341-6265.
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 11acers spotlight
Society and Division news (continued)
Theodore J. Planje Award Petrucci appointed director of Lawson appointed general
Nancy Bunt, senior market business development manager of Edward Orton Jr.
manager and global mar- EBL Products Inc. has Ceramic Foundation
keting manager of Kerneos appointed Russell Mark Lawson replaces
Aluminate Technologies, a Petrucci director of busi- Gary Childress as gener-
Division of Imerys, will ness development. His 34 al manager of the
receive the 2018 Theodore years of experience Edward Orton Jr.
Bunt J. Planje–St. Louis includes design and man- Ceramic Foundation as
Refractories Award. Bunt has held several Petrucci ufacturing of A-scan and Childress retires.
leadership roles in ACerS Refractory B-scan transducers for Lawson Lawson brings more
Ceramics Division, including chair. She medical imaging and than 20 years of senior
served on ACerS nominating committee industrial NDT applications, as well as management experience
and the Corporate Environmental growing new global business opportuni- with Elkay Manufacturing, Trigon
Achievement Awards committee. n ties for several leading industry piezoma- International, and Tervis.
terials manufacturers and suppliers.
Amine named to Web of Science
Western New York Section Paranthaman elected Fellow of Highly Cited List
chapter meeting is March 1 National Academy of Inventors Khalil Amine, materials sci-
ACerS Western New York Section's The National Academy entist at the U.S.
first meeting of 2018 is scheduled for of Inventors elected Department of Energy’s
Thursday March 1, 2:45–7:00 p.m. ACerS Fellow and Argonne National
at the Innovation Center at Praxair Corporate Fellow Laboratory, has been
Technology Center, Tonawanda, N.Y. researcher at Oak Ridge named to the Web of
The meeting includes two presentations, National Laboratory Amine Science’s Highly Cited List
Paranthaman Parans Paranthaman,
an infrastructure tour, and buffet din- of 2017, ranking in the top one percent of
ner. RSVP for the meeting by emailing Fellow. The honor recognizes individu- his peers by citations and subject area. n
Victoria Willard, VW2@alfred.edu als for outstanding inventions that have
before February 21. n made a significant impact on society.
In memoriam
Names in the news Carlos Frick
Joseph E. Neely
Day presented with lifetime David Griffith Wirth Jr.
achievement award Some detailed obituaries can also be found on the ACerS website, www.ceramics.org/in-memoriam.
Marquis Who’s Who presented
ACerS past president and Distinguished
Life Member Delbert Edwin Day with Awards and deadlines
the Albert Nelson Marquis Lifetime
Achievement Award. The
Congrats to winners of best student oral presentations and best
award recognizes individ-
uals for leadership quali- student posters of EAM 2018!
ties, outstanding achieve- Poster competition mations and field-induced behavior in ferro-
ments, career success, First place electric nanoparticles, Krishna Chaitanya
and noteworthy accom- Pitike, University of Connecticut
Freeze casting of LAGP for 3D textured
plishments. Day is
Day solid-state structured electrolytes, William Third place
Curators' Professor
Huddleston, Case Western Reserve Mesoscale modeling of stress induced
Emeritus of Materials Science and
University band-gap attenuation in ZnO nanow-
Engineering at Missouri University of
Second place ires, Lukasz Kuna, University of
Science and Technology and cofounder
Shape and size dependent phase transfor- Connecticut
of Mo-Sci Corporation.
12 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2Awards and deadlines (continued)
Oral presentation competition
First place Member spotlight
The influence of electrode geometry on the average and local electri- ACerS Fellow continues to learn at age 100
cal responses of electroceramics, Richard Veazey, University of
By Faye Oney
Sheffield
ACerS Fellow Ralph Rose may have reached a
Second place milestone birthday, but that has not slowed down
Understanding electrochemical and structural behaviors of irradia- his memory or curtailed his desire to continue his
tion induced defects in TiO2, Kassiopeia Smith, Boise State education. He recently turned 100 years old and
University was happy to talk about his career, achievements,
Third place and especially his time at ACerS.
Rose Rose entered Ohio State University during
Exploring the rich defect chemistry of amorphous carbon using a
combination of experiments and theory, Wesley Surta, Oregon the Depression, and was required to complete four years of
State University n ROTC. His interests and strengths lied in physics, chemistry,
and math, so he enrolled in the engineering college, initially
without a specific major.
Basic Science GEMS Awards deadline is March 15 After exploring job opportunities, Rose chose ceramic engi-
Sponsored by ACerS Basic Science Division, the annual neering. “We all had to take an introductory course, which was
Graduate Excellence in Materials Science (GEMS) Awards rec- a synopsis of what engineering consisted of,” Rose recalls. “I was
ognize outstanding achievements of up to 10 graduate students interested in chemical engineering.” But before he decided to
in materials science and engineering. The award is open to choose that path, he researched the job market for chemical engi-
graduate students making oral presentations in any symposium neering graduates.
at MS&T18. If interested, visit matscitech.org and submit your
paper by March 15, 2018. n
R R
Starbar and Moly-D elements
Three awards have May 15 deadline are made in the U.S.A.
Three prestigious Division awards have a May 15, 2018
nomination deadline. Award eligibility for each can be found with a focus on providing
at ceramics.org/awards. the highest quality heating elements
Glass & Optical Materials: Alfred R. Cooper Scholars and service to the global market.
Award
This award recognizes undergraduate students who have
demonstrated excellence in research, engineering, and/or
study in glass science or technology. The recipient receives a
plaque, $500, and free MS&T registration.
Electronics: Edward C. Henry Award
This annual award is recognizes an outstanding paper
reporting original work in the Journal of the American Ceramic
Society or the ACerS Bulletin during the previous calendar
year on a subject related to electronic ceramics. The author(s)
receive a plaque and $500 (split between authors).
Electronics: Lewis C. Hoffman Scholarship
This $2,000 tuition award encourages academic interest and
excellence among undergraduate students in the area of ceram- I2R -- Over 50 years of service and reliability
ics/materials science and engineering. The 2018 essay topic is I Squared R Element Co., Inc.
"Tailoring Material Properties through Defect Engineering for Akron, NY Phone: (716)542-5511
53
Electronic Ceramics." Fax: (716)542-2100
Visit www.ceramics.org/awards for nomination forms. 1964 - 2017 Email: sales@isquaredrelement.com
Contact Erica Zimmerman at ezimmerman@ceramics.org with
any questions. n www.isquaredrelement.com
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 13acers spotlight
Member spotlight (continued)
“I found out that not all of the chemi- He was married for 72 years until his Diamond Partners
cal engineering graduates had been placed wife Ruth passed away in 2013. They ALTEO Gardanne
in jobs,” he says. “So I checked out ceram- have five children, seven grandchildren, Harrop Industries
ics, and found out that by September after and five great grandchildren. Today, Morgan Advanced Materials
[the previous] graduation year, everyone Rose lives outside of Harrisburg, Pa.,
Mo-Sci Corp.
had a job. So I went into ceramics without where his favorite pastime is listening
National Center for Manufacturing
knowing much about it.” to nonfiction books on tape. “I’ve been
Sciences
Rose remembers there were only three reading about astrophysics, medicine,
Saint-Gobain
professors in the entire department. “In and archaeology,” he says jokingly. “I’m
those days they educated us to be engi- getting my Ph.D. at the age of 100!” SCHOTT North America Inc.
neers working in small ceramic compa- Rose reflects on his life and career Superior Technical Ceramics
nies, where there would be one engineer with fond memories, knowing it has Sapphire Partners
on staff,” he explains. been one of hard work, family love, II-VI Optical Systems
After serving in WWII from 1942– striving for education and the American Central Glass & Ceramic Research
1945, Rose’s first professional job was dream, service to his community, and Institute
as a research engineer for Battelle in professional achievement. CeramTec GmbH
Columbus, Ohio, working on sponsored “All of the jobs I held amounted to CoorsTek
research projects for commercial compa- problem-solving jobs,” he says. “I found Kyocera
nies. Since then he’s held several jobs, it to be a very interesting career.” n McDanel Advanced Ceramic
but he says his most rewarding was at Technologies
H.K. Porter and Company, where he
New Corporate Partner program Specialty Glass Inc.
was involved in helping to build a plant Trans-Tech
that extracted magnesia from seawater. enjoys successful first year
Unimin
“Process design of the plant and products ACerS Corporate Partner program,
Zircar Ceramics n
was the job I enjoyed the most,” he says. launched in January 2017, completed its
first successful year. The new program,
ACerS involvement included pro- designed to increase member company Welcome receptions introduce
moting abstracts engagement and exposure in Society new members to ACerS
Wanting to get more involved in activities, provides added value in three
ACerS Member Services Committee
his field, Rose joined ACerS in 1940 key areas: marketing and business devel-
introduced new receptions at EAM 2018
as a student, and was a member of the opment, professional development, and
and ICACC18 to welcome new ACerS
Refractories Division. During his time technical resources. Rather than a mem-
members at each conference. More than
at Battelle, he became chairman of the bership dues structure based on staff size,
30 new members gathered at EAM 2018
Central Ohio Section. When he moved the new program is based on each compa-
for afternoon refreshments and dessert,
to Philadelphia for a new job, he became ny’s desired level of engagement. “One of
while more than 150 were welcomed at
chairman of the Philadelphia Section. our goals is to build stronger partnerships
ICACC18 with complimentary bever-
Although he attended national meet- with member companies,” director of
ages and appetizers following Monday’s
ings on a regular basis, he enjoyed being membership Kevin Thompson explains.
technical sessions. The receptions gave
more involved in the local sections. “The response has been very positive. We
new members the opportunity to meet
Rose even worked as a paid employee thank all our partners who made the tran-
and network with one another while
for ACerS between 1946–1951, putting sition from the old program.”
learning about ACerS and the many
together a column in the ACerS Bulletin Three levels of corporate partnership benefits of membership. “This was a big
to promote abstracts. “The purpose include Corporate Partner, Sapphire hit,” Member Services Committee chair
was to give members information on Partner, and Diamond Partner. Following Kristin Breder exclaimed. “We sched-
abstracts from technical presentations are Diamond and Sapphire partners, uled it for just one hour, but people
in local and national meetings,” he with a complete corporate partner roster stayed for more than 1.5 hours because
explains. “I wanted to bring attention to on ACerS website, including contact they were having so much fun meeting
the various projects in different fields.” information and company description. and mingling with other new members.”
Rose holds several patents, including To learn more about ACerS Corporate Based on their successful debut, new
one for development of a glass polish- Partnership program, visit http://bit.ly/ member receptions will be a part of
ing compound and one for a method CorpPartnership. future conferences. n
of metal cladding for basic refractories.
14 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2Custom Designed
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Sharon Uwanyuze and Mark K. King Jr., both from the Powder Alumina Alumina
University of Alabama, won the first Student Industry Failure Crucible Sample Pan Sapphire Substrates
Trial (SIFT) competition at ICACC18, hosted by ACerS Alumina Powder & Parts • Sapphire Products
President's Council of Student Advisors. Materials data were
Powder Wool Crucible Tubing Custom
collected for previously failed ceramic parts from industry,
which participants analyzed to determine the material and how
the parts failed. Students then suggested possibilities for mate-
rial improvement. Congratulations Sharon and Mark! n
Quartz from Sand to Wool & Fused Quartz Components
Show your expertise in ACerS Next Top Demo
competition
Show off your demonstration skills! Get a group of fellow stu- Cerium Oxide
Polishing Powders
Agate
Mortar
UV Quartz
Cuvettes
Zirconia
Crucibles
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demonstration. ACerS Next Top Demo is a virtual competition
organized by ACerS President’s Council of Student Advisors to
help educate the public while advertising the community out-
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reach that you and your university/group already perform. Visit Tel: 1-520-514-1100, Fax: 1-520-747-4024
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send video submissions. Deadline is April 27, 2018. n 3158 S. Chrysler Ave., Tucson, AZ 85713, U.S.A
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 15acers spotlight
(Credit all images: ACerS)
Winter Workshop at ICACC18 featured ceramics experts, career development, and networking
Student Winter Workshop 2018
Ceramic and glass students from around the world had an opportu- Another session featured speakers and activities on professional
nity to learn, share knowledge, hone professional development skills, development. Ceramics career panelists, ranging from academia to
and network at ACerS Winter Workshop at ICACC18, January 19–23 industry, led interactive discussions on career paths taken by suc-
at the Hilton Daytona Beach Oceanfront Resort in Daytona Beach, Fla. cessful members of the ceramics field.
This year, the European Ceramic Society (ECerS) provided 16 travel Participants also enjoyed a tour of the Kennedy Space Center.
grants for international students. A total of 52 students participated Winter Workshop participants could attend all ICACC events, which
in the event. showcased cutting-edge research and product developments in all
The Winter Workshop featured experts on the topics of: aspects of ceramics.
• Advanced ceramics—Victoria Blair, Army Research Lab; The Winter Workshop was made possible through the support of the
• Armor ceramics—Lionel Vargas-Gonzalez, Army Research Lab; Ceramic and Glass Industry Foundation, ACerS President’s Council of
• Bioceramics—Marta Cerruti, McGill University; and Student Advisors, Young Professionals Network, and ECerS.
• Ceramic coatings—Bryan Harder, NASA Glenn Research Center Mark your calendars for next year’s Winter Workshop, held
Clive Randall of Penn State University delivered a special presenta- in conjunction with ICACC19 at Daytona Beach, Fla., January
tion, “Humanitarian materials engineering.” 27–31, 2019. n
Winter Workshop participants enjoyed a tour of Kennedy Networking with fellow ceramic and glass students is a big part
Space Center. of Winter Workshop.
16 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2research briefs ENGINEERED SOLUTIONS
FOR POWDER COMPACTION
Gasbarre | PTX-Pentronix | Simac
Rethinking optical fiber glasses and what it will
take to pump more data into our phones GASBARRE ELECTRIC
Light is a $7.5 trillion industry driven largely by demand for PRESSES
Precision & Efficiency with
information transmission and storage, with an estimated con- a Light Footprint
tribution of $19 billion from the United States-based photon-
ics industry in 2014.
Statistica reports that in 2015, for the first time, the number
of cell-phone-only American households exceeded the number
of homes with landlines. The trend of trading landlines for wire-
less phones shows no sign of stopping.
HYDRAULIC PRESSES
However, growing market demand for wireless service and Simple to Complex Parts,
faster transmission of more data is bumping up against the Intuitive & Flexible Setup
limits of the material properties of optical fibers.
“Present fiber-based communication and high-energy laser
systems are limited in the level of optical power that can be
propagated,” says Clemson professor John Ballato in the MONOSTATIC AND
DENSOMATIC
introduction of a new paper. Limitations in power scaling— ISOSTATIC PRESSES
pushing more light/data through a fiber—arise from optical Featuring Dry Bag Pressing
phenomena such as stimulated Brillouin scattering, stimulated
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Where old fashioned
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Credit: Clemson University
day engineering.
Clemson University professor John Ballato and former graduate
student Stephanie Morris (now a research scientist with Corning
Innovators
since
International) studying optical properties of a new type of opti-
cal fiber. 1946
Research News
Manufacturing porous silicon carbide For ALL of your
Researchers at Technische Universität Wien (Vienna, Austria) have diamond grinding
succeeded in developing a method for controlled manufacture of
porous silicon carbide. To demonstrate the potential of this new
needs
technology, the researchers integrated a special mirror that selectively
reflects different colors of light into a silicon carbide wafer by creating Contact us:
thin layers with different degrees of porosity. The technique makes it
possible to produce a complex structure of silicon carbide layers with (866) 451-3316
higher and lower levels of porosity, which is finally separated from http://www.green
the bulk material by applying a high voltage pulse. The thickness of leediamond.com/
individual layers can be selected to reflect certain light wavelengths
particularly well, resulting in an integrated, color-selective mirror. For Come see us at IMTS: North Building, Level 3 Booth: 237207
more information, visit www.tuwien.ac.at. n
American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2 | www.ceramics.org 17research briefs
This collection of “nonlinearities” creates problems for opti- The sheer size of the optical fiber industry means change
cal engineers. Thus far, optical engineers have gotten around will be challenging and costly. But which change is more like-
these materials limitations by manipulating the signals or by ly—that the market will cease to demand more data transmis-
distributing light intensity across a larger cross-section to keep sion, or that industry will change to meet market demand?
intensity below the threshold that stimulates nonlinearities. The articles are all open-access in the International Journal
However, these tactics do not address the root cause of limi- of Applied Glass Science.
tations of silica-based optical fibers. Ballato and his team are • “A Unified Materials Approach to Mitigating Optical
taking a different approach—searching for new materials and Nonlinearities in Optical Fiber. I. Thermodynamics of Optical
processes to fabricate fibers with intrinsically low optical non- Scattering” (DOI: 10.1111/ijag.12327)
linearities. “A materials approach is arguably the more direct • “A Unified Materials Approach to Mitigating Optical
and efficient route since the interaction of the light with the Nonlinearities in Optical Fiber. II. A. Material Additivity Mod-
material is where the nonlinearities fundamentally originate,” els and Basic Glass Properties,” (DOI: 10.1111/ijag.12328)
he says in a new paper. • “A Unified Materials Approach to Mitigating Optical
The paper is the first of four new papers in an open-access Nonlinearities in Optical Fiber. II. B. The Optical Fiber,
“trilogy” by Ballato and collaborators on their work developing Material Additivity and the Nonlinear Coefficients,” (DOI:
a unified approach to mitigating optical nonlinearities in optical 10.1111/ijag.12329)
fibers. The four-article series communicates a trilogy of ideas. • “A Unified Materials Approach to Mitigating Optical
The first paper evaluates the nonlinearities problem by Nonlinearities in Optical Fiber. III. Canonical Examples and
describing thermodynamics of optical scattering. The second Materials Roadmap,” (DOI: 10.1111/ijag.12336) n
and third papers (part 2 of the trilogy) dive into glass science
and additivity models that determine properties and nonlinear-
ity. The fourth paper offers a path forward with examples and
Nanoindentation experiments reveal porous parti-
a materials roadmap. cle size matters for assembled material toughness
In the course of the trilogy, Ballato et al. conclude that Porous particles are important in a host of materials and
silica-based glasses still are the best materials for efficient opti- applications, including drug delivery, insulation, catalysis,
cal transmission. However, the compositional adjustments chromatography, filler materials, construction materials, and
needed are not compatible with traditional CVD preform pro- ceramics. But, despite their importance and potential applica-
cessing. Instead, the team proposes a “molten core” fabrication tions, the mechanical properties of such porous particles are
process, where a molten core glass surrounded by a clad glass often ignored.
are pulled directly into a fiber. Because the core is molten and Now, after collecting extensive data, researchers at Rice
quenches so quickly during fiber fabrication, compositions can University (Houston, Texas) can definitively say that, when it
result that are not feasible using conventional methods. comes to porous nanoparticles, size matters—and, in the pro-
“The papers are, perhaps not surprisingly, somewhat pro- cess, they have made some surprising discoveries about how
vocative. For our industry friends, where transitions to new size affects the materials’ intrinsic properties.
systems/methods is not feasible (or desired), we plan another Using uniformly porous calcium-silicate nanoparticles with
paper that is more tailored to your processes. That said, the diameters ranging 150–550 nm and pore sizes of 2–4 nm, the
trends discussed, even taken in small increments, could still scientists found that larger particles behave differently under
have beneficial impacts,” Ballato writes in an email. pressure than smaller ones. Using a nanoindenter, they tested
Research News
Structural disorder in oxide semiconductors Topological materials boost thermoelectric efficiency
A research team at Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology Researchers at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, Mass.)
in South Korea has revealed the causes of structural disorder and defects of have discovered a way to increase the efficiency of thermoelectric devices
electrons due to fatigue accumulation occurring when oxide semiconductors threefold using “topological” materials with unique electronic properties.
are driven at high speed. The team found that asymmetric electron flow The researchers studied thermoelectric performance of tin telluride,
disturbance causes fatigue accumulation by applying two methods aiming to understand the effect of nanostructuring on its thermoelectric
simultaneously: a reliability evaluation method that injects AC signals similar performance by simulating the way electrons travel through the material.
to the signals applied in an integrated circuit in various frequencies and a The team found that the material’s ability to conduct electricity under a
method of evaluating the fatigue accumulation phenomenon in integrated temperature gradient is largely dependent on electron energy. With smaller
devices. The discovery is expected to help develop core technologies that grain sizes, higher-energy electrons contribute much more to the material’s
minimize errors in information processing and data transmission in all electrical conduction than lower-energy electrons, as they are less likely
electronic products. For more information, visit http://en.dgist.ac.kr. n to scatter against grain boundaries. This results in the ability to generate a
larger voltage difference. For more information, visit www.news.mit.edu. n
18 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 97, No. 2You can also read
